mother tongue thesis pdf

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MOTHER TONGUE AS MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION: PARENTS' AND TEACHERS' ATTITUDES AND PUPILS' LISTENING COMPREHENSION

This study sought to establish the relationship between the attitude of teachers in the early grades (1 and 2) towards the use of the mother tongue as a medium of instruction and the listening comprehension skills of their students in those grade levels. The study also focused on the attitudes towards the mother tongue as medium of instruction of the parents of those students from Grades 1 and 2.

Related Papers

Juliana R A Tonelli

RESUMO: O uso da língua materna (L1) no ensino da língua inglesa (L2) sempre foi uma questão controversa para professores e estudiosos na área do ensino de línguas estrangeiras. Quando se trata do ensino de uma língua estrangeira para crianças, a questão é ainda mais complexa, fazendo-se necessária a discussão e a análise desse uso em sala de aula. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é investigar os padrões de uso da língua materna (L1) no ensino de inglês (L2) para crianças, por meio da análise de questionários aplicados com professores envolvidos nesse contexto de ensino. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Língua materna (L1), Ensino de inglês, Inglês para crianças. ABSTRACT: The use of the mother tongue (L1) in English language teaching (L2) has always been a controversial issue for teachers and researchers in the field. When it comes to the English language teaching to children (ELTC) context, the issue becomes even more complex, making it necessary to discuss and analyze its use in the classroom. The objective of this article is to investigate the patterns of use of the mother tongue (L1) in English (L2) teaching for children, through the analysis of questionnaires applied by teachers involved in this teaching context.

Sarah Ambiyo , Naom M Nyarigoti

The subject on what medium of instruction provides the child the best learning facility has caused lots of debate leading to a number of projects in various parts of the world. In Kenya, although the education policy on the use of mother tongue as the language of instruction in lower primary classes has been in existence for decades, this has not been institutionalized in schools across the country. With the government’s renewed directive to the use of mother tongue for instruction, it still remains unclear whether this will be implemented as various stakeholders express mixed feelings regarding its relevance. The study findings indicate that some of the challenges facing the use of MT in Kenyan schools include the, multiplicity of languages and dialects, inconsistent strategies employed to handle the situation, sceptical attitudes of the society towards mother-tongue use in education, scarcity of financial resources, pedagogic problems, and even the clash between ethnic loyalties o...

The purpose of this research was to investigate students' attitude towards using mother tongue as a medium of instruction and their awareness about its benefits, Sidaamu Afoo in focus. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a descriptive research design was used. To this end, a total of 720 students were randomly selected (by drawing lots) from 36 first cycle primary schools that are found in Sidama Zone of South Nation, Nationalities and Peoples‟ Regional State of Ethiopia. The students were made to fill in a close-ended questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview was held with 24 students who were randomly selected (by drawing lots) from those who had already filled in the questionnaire. Data gathered by the questionnaire were analyzed quantitatively by using frequency and percentage, whereas data obtained by the interview were analyzed qualitatively and discussed by quoting some utmost concepts directly. The results of the questionnaire and that of the interview w...

Zubair Ahmed Chachar

The exercise of English as a medium of instruction, in schools in Pakistan, has given opening to an elongated debate whether English verifies to be better than any of the native languages especially to build up the learner’s cognitive and comprehension level at Secondary School. This research article argues that students comprehend more and perform better in Grade VIII General Science Subject when they are taught in their mother tongue. The n = 68 public secondary/higher secondary school of Hyderabad District were taken as the sample. The two groups of the Class VIII students comprised 630 from which 360 from mother tongue and 270 from nonmother tongue respectively were taken as a sample. An appropriate achievement test was developed to inspect the discrepancy and reasons of confusion due to medium of instruction. Achievement test of 25 items from “General Science” was developed in English, Sindhi / Urdu languages, measuring the knowledge as well as comprehension of the learners. Th...

OLUWOLE SANNI

Research (Cummins, 2001, Benson, 2003 etc.) have proven that a second language is learned best when a first language has been learned well, this perhaps precipitated Skutnabb-Kangas (1981:18) to define mother tongue as the language one thinks with, dreams and count in. This term paper seeks to examine mother tongue schooling in a multilingual environment while drawing its insights from various multilingual countries but using Nigeria as its case study. It is in total consonance with Chumbow (1990) who advocates for the need of a pragmatic approach to the medium of instruction whereby mother tongue and foreign language will be on an equal basis and prevent the creation of a psychological gap detrimental to the cognitive maturation and intellectual development of the child rather than jettisoning indigenous languages for the instrumental and integrative values of exogenous languages.

Moein Zergani

This article wants to show how most of the students around the world because of teaching in a language contrary to their mother tongue in first grades of school have found problems in their character, identity, originality and concepts of some words.

Globus Journal of Progressive Education

juliet trujillo

Edson Moreno

Monica Cruz

The purpose of a multilingual education program is to develop appropriate cognitive and reasoning skills enabling children to operate equally in their community language, the national language and English. Within MTB-MLE these standards should reflect the fact that teachers are prepared to successfully educate students who speak a mother tongue different from the target language of instruction. This requires that teachers understand and can implement strategies for using the mother tongue as the primary road for children to build their initial literacy skills. Utilizing a survey questionnaire as well as documentary analysis, the study looked into the status of the implementation of the mother tongue as a learning subject in public elementary schools in Lingayen II District. Results show that of the 11 schools under the Lingayen II District, none reached the advanced level while five (5) schools' level of performance proved to be proficient (45.45%); six (6) of the schools fared poorly with two (2) schools approaching proficiency (18.18%), three (3) schools' (27.27%) level of performance were found to be developing and one (1) (9.1) was found to be still at the level of beginning. Likewise, of the 7 objectives and competencies the Grade I pupils were expected to master, they had mastered 5 and 2 were not mastered. It is thereby recommended that supplementary instructional materials on MTBMLE be developed so as to address the teachers' problems in as far as the content, suitability and coverage of the MTBMLE instructional materials are concerned.

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Ethiopia Population 2024 (Live)

Ethiopia ’s current population is about 115 million and is expected to surpass 200 million by the end of 2049. Ethiopia’s population is growing about 2.7% annually with no projected peak year or period of decline.

The birth rate in Ethiopia is 36 births per 1,000 people. The fertility rate is 4.1 births per woman. Religion plays a major role in Ethiopia’s high birth rate, as well as the lack of contraceptives.

The disproportionate population increase has hindered the economy’s ability to grow and develop at a more rapid pace due to the increased need for more resources. Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world due to its rapid population upsurge.

Ethiopia Population Growth

Ethiopia is a nation that has been beset by hunger and poverty for most of its long history. A land where child starvation and subsequent death have been prevalent for such a long time requires assistance from the more privileged and prosperous nations of the world. It is the responsibility of all members of the peaceful international community to step in with more rigor and determination to empower the Ethiopians. This population has proven to be one of the strongest on the face of the earth, having endured massive hardships. If it is given a little assistance, Ethiopia will be able to build on the strength of its inhabitants in order to increase the strength of the nation itself.

Ethiopia Population Projections

Ethiopia is currently one of the fastest growing countries in the world, with a growth rate of 3.02% per year. If Ethiopia follows its current rate of growth, its population will double in the next 30 years, hitting 210 million by 2060. Most of the world's population growth in the next 40-50 years is expected to come from Africa , and Ethiopia will be a large part of the growth.

Ethiopia Growth Rate

Ethiopia population clock.

Net increase of 1 person every 9 seconds

Population estimates based on interpolation of data from World Population Prospects

Components of Population Change

Ethiopia Population Density Map

Ethiopia Area and Population Density

The surface area in Ethiopia is currently at 1,104,300 km² (or 426,372.6137 miles square). Ethiopia has a population density of 83 people per square mile (214/square mile), which ranks 123rd in the world.

Largest Cities in Ethiopia

The largest city and capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa , or Addis Abeba, which has an estimated population of 3.6 million in the city proper and a metro population of more than 4.6 million. Being as old as two millenniums, its cultures and traditions hold family as a significant part of Ethiopian life, sometimes even surpassing the significance their careers or businesses might have.

Other major cities include Adama (324,000), Gondar (324,000), Mek'ele (324,000), and Hawassa (302,000).

Download Table Data

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Ethiopia Population by Year (Historical)

Ethiopia Population by Year (Projections)

Ethiopia population pyramid 2024, ethiopia median age, ethiopia population by age.

There are people over age 18 in Ethiopia .

Census Years

Ethiopia Population Pyramid

With one of the highest poverty levels in the world, Ethiopia is considered by many to be one of the most under-developed nations in the world. But within its African boundaries lies a nation filled with a rich culture and heritage. Bordered by Kenya , South Sudan , Sudan , Djibouti , Eritrea , and Somalia .

Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the continent of Africa and the second-most populous country of Africa after Nigeria . This estimate of how many people live in Ethiopia is based on the most recent United Nations projections, and makes Ethiopia the 14th most populous country in the world. The most recent census in 2007 found an official population of 73.7 million.

Ethiopia Demographics

Ethiopia is home to various ethnicities, predominantly the Oromo at 34.4% of the country's population and the Amhara, who account for 27% of the population. Other major ethnic groups include the Somali (6.2%), Tigray (6.1%), Sidama (4%), Gurage (2.5%), Welayta (2.3%), Afar (1.7%), Hadiya (1.7%), and Gamo (1.5%).

In 2009, Ethiopia had an estimated 135,000 asylum seekers and refugees, mostly from Somalia (64,000), Eritrea (42,000) and Sudan (23,000). The government requires refugees to live in designated refugee camps. According to a 2013 report, the number of refugees hosted by Ethiopia has grown to 680,000.

Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics

Ethiopia has close ties with all three major Abrahamic religions, and it was the first in the region to officially adopt Christianity in the 4th century. Christians account for 63% of the country's population, with 44% belonging to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Ethiopia has the first Hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement on the continent. Muslims account for 34% of the population.

Despite its wealth in culture, Ethiopia, unfortunately, does not suffer the same fate economically. With a significantly agriculture-based economy, it is not surprising that in today's technologically thriving world, Ethiopia has one of the lowest incomes per capita. Its reliance on domestic investment restricts foreign investment, which could otherwise account for a comparatively successful economy. However, improvement in agricultural practices has shown a decrease in the level of starvation that the country had been previously accustomed to. The GDP is also increasing, showing a 7% increase in 2014. The composition of the labor force is almost 40%, accounting for another step toward progress. However, only if the conditions of the average Ethiopian get better will the country be able to witness a better tomorrow.

The median age in Ethiopia is approximately 17.9 years of age. 60% of the population in Ethiopia is under the age of 25.

In terms of access to clean drinking water and sanitation, the numbers are still quite grim in this country. According to the World Factbook, only 57% of the country has improved access to clean drinking water, while 42% still struggle to find clean water. Only 28% of the population has access to improved sanitation services, while 72% struggle to maintain sanitation. This likely contributes greatly to the very high degree of risk with transmittable diseases and illnesses in the area.

Only 49% of the population over 15 years of age is literate and many children only attend school for 8 or 9 years.

Ethiopia Population History

The conditions of poverty entail deterioration in health for many of Ethiopia's inhabitants. The most common diseases that cause mortality among many Ethiopians are AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and various communicable diseases that occur due to improper sanitation and malnutrition. Most women give birth to children outside of the vicinity of hospitals. Often the mothers are only attended to by an elderly midwife. The mortality rate of mothers while giving birth is high. Various organizations, governmental and non-governmental, seek to improve the deplorable health conditions in Ethiopia. The World Health Organization is working to initiate a healthy Ethiopia. Low literacy levels also support the inferior health conditions. Therefore, it is important to provide the Ethiopians with adequate knowledge regarding common diseases and their appropriate medication and cure. The empowerment of women could also help achieve improvements in the circumstances pertaining to the well-being of Ethiopians.

• National Bank of Ethiopia
• World Population Prospects (2024 Revision) - United Nations population estimates and projections.