PREZENTIUM

7 Presentation Aids To Deliver A Successful Presentation

  • By Judhajit Sen
  • April 25, 2024

Key Takeaways

  • Diverse Tools for Engagement : Different types of presentation aids, including images, graphs, diagrams, maps, audio and video aids, handouts, and demonstrations, enhance engagement by targeting various senses and learning styles and helping the audience to understand your message.
  • Enhanced Comprehension : Aids simplify complex ideas, making them easier to understand and remember. They act as a bridge between abstract concepts and  audience comprehension, ensuring more transparent communication.   
  • Strategic Selection and Integration : Choosing the right aid aligned with the speech’s purpose is crucial. Quality visuals, such as high-resolution images and clear charts, reinforce key points and maintain audience focus.
  • Long-lasting Impact : Effective use of different types of presentation aids extends the presentation ‘s impact beyond its duration. Handouts and memorable demonstrations leave lasting impressions, reinforcing memory recall and audience association with the content.

What Are Presentation Aids?

Presentation aids, also known as sensory aids, are additional tools to boost good presentations. They come in various forms, such as visuals, sounds, and multimedia elements , and enhance the speech’s impact. By targeting different senses like sight and sound, different types of computer-based presentation aids ensure better audience engagement and retention. For instance, combining audio and video clips in a PowerPoint presentation slide can make your presentation more memorable.

Use of different presentation aids go beyond mere words, enriching the message and catering to diverse learning styles. Presentation aids can be used to complement spoken words, making complex ideas easier to understand. Audible aids, such as music or speech excerpts, add depth to the PowerPoint slides and make your speech more interesting.

Presentation aids tap into the psychology of presentation perception, elevating the overall quality from ordinary to extraordinary. They work hand in hand with the speaker’s delivery, enriching the audience’s experience and reinforcing key points.

Why Presenters Use Presentation Aids

Presenters choose presentation aids to enhance their message and engage the audience effectively. Whether in-person or virtual, presentation aids can help clarify complex ideas and ensure an introduction to speech communication. They help maintain focus, especially in nerve-wracking situations like public speaking , and bridge any gaps in understanding.

Use of visual aids, including slides and props, make presentations more engaging, credible, and memorable. They guide transitions, communicate data effectively, and reinforce key points, increasing the likelihood of a positive response to calls to action.

Strategic use of presentation aids helps speakers improve audience understanding, retention, and interest. While a well-prepared speech is crucial, aids further elevate its impact. They add variety, enhance credibility, and emphasize ideas, ultimately contributing to a successful presentation. As a speaker, choosing the right presentation aid tailored to various points in your speech is critical to delivering a compelling message.

Following are seven forms of presentation aids to deliver a successful presentation.

Images serve as your presentation aid in enhancing understanding and evoking emotions. Unlike words, photographs provide visual experiences, bridging the gap between description and reality. They offer a window for audiences to see and experience specific aspects throughout your presentation, ensuring more transparent comprehension.

While videos have their place, photographs capture singular moments without distractions, making them necessary to present your message. Strictly speaking, they are less likely to overwhelm or divert attention, ensuring the main speaking points remain the focus. Visual aids like photographs are cost-effective and easily editable, making them practical choices for presentations.

Quality and relevance are paramount when selecting images. High-resolution images prevent pixelation and maintain clarity, ensuring effective communication. Watermarked images should be avoided to maintain professionalism, with alternatives sought from reputable sources like iStockphoto or Creative Commons databases.

Simple images like silhouettes or diagrams can enhance understanding, particularly for complex topics, while avoiding clutter. However, they must align with the presentation’s message and evoke the desired emotions.

Presenters can create impactful presentations that resonate with audiences and enhance comprehension without distractions by using images judiciously and ensuring their compatibility with the speech.

Graphs And Charts

Using Graphs and Charts For Presenting Data

Graphs and charts serve as essential tools for visually presenting data and comparisons. They simplify complex information, making it easy for audiences to comprehend statistics and figures. In business contexts, they are among the most commonly used visual aids.

Long strings of numbers can overwhelm audiences, leading to disengagement. However, comparing simple shapes or lines in a chart is far easier for most people to understand. Selecting the correct types of charts or graphs is crucial to communicate your message effectively. Whether it’s a pie chart to show proportions, a line graph to illustrate trends over time, or a bar chart for precise comparisons, each presentation aid must serve a specific purpose of your speech.

When designing charts, simplicity is vital. Emphasize clarity over complexity, focusing on delivering a clear conclusion rather than cramming in excessive data. Clear labels, easily distinguishable colors, and consistent formatting enhance comprehension. Complex graphs should be avoided, as they can confuse rather than clarify.

Presenters facilitate audience understanding and engagement by transforming numerical data into visual formats , such as charts and graphs. Visualizing comparisons and trends allows audiences to grasp information more effectively, reinforcing key points and enhancing overall communication.

Diagrams serve as visual aids to elucidate the inner workings and relationships of subjects. They are distinct from mere sketches by their focus on function and connection rather than physical form. They offer flexibility in presenting complex concepts beyond physical attributes, making them invaluable for explaining intricate relationships where other visual mediums fall short.

Experimentation is key in selecting the most effective diagram type for audience comprehension. Diagrams excel in clarifying abstract concepts or unfamiliar entities, bridging understanding by relating them to familiar elements. Their step-by-step breakdown aids in following processes or sequences logically, enhancing audience retention and comprehension.

Unlike charts and graphs, which prioritize data, diagrams emphasize appearance, structure, and flow. They delineate parts, aiding in detailed explanations and mitigating potential confusion.

When incorporating diagrams, it’s crucial to articulate each component, particularly those prone to misunderstanding. Whether illustrating a product’s features or delineating a process’s steps, diagrams ensure clarity and coherence, facilitating audience understanding and engagement.

Diagrams are indispensable tools for dissecting and demystifying complex subjects, transforming abstract ideas into tangible concepts that resonate with audiences.

Maps serve as potent presentation aids, offering more than just geographical information. Maps convey relational data effectively as two-dimensional diagrams, especially when enhanced with animations or overlays. Modern presentation software makes updating map datasets seamless, ensuring real-time accuracy without manual manipulation.

Diverse types of maps, such as population, weather, political, or economic maps, cater to specific informational needs, emphasizing key aspects relevant to the speech’s purpose. In today’s interconnected world, where global interactions are commonplace, maps are crucial in visualizing relationships between nations and regions. Whether showcasing business expansions, disease spread patterns, or cultural trends, maps provide much information into geographical hotspots and trends.

Maps offer perspective, fostering emotional connections by illustrating proximity and spatial relationships. Whether presenting to a global audience or focusing on localized regions, maps help contextualize information and engage audiences more effectively. By incorporating maps into presentations, speakers can enhance comprehension and facilitate a deeper understanding of complex concepts, making them indispensable tools in communication across various domains.

Audio Visual Aids

Audiovisual aids, including video and audio clips, serve as invaluable tools to enrich presentations and enhance audience engagement . By incorporating diverse delivery methods, such as transitioning from speech to audio or video clips, speakers can more effectively captivate their audience’s attention. Videos, in particular, offer a powerful means of summarizing key points and conveying emotions beyond what speech alone can achieve.

However, while audiovisual aids can significantly elevate presentations, they also present potential challenges, such as technical compatibility issues and abrupt transitions. Integrating audiovisual elements into presentations requires adequate preparation, including familiarity with presentation software, checking the video equipment prior to speaking and practice with audio or video equipment.

To maximize the effectiveness of audiovisual aids, speakers should ensure clips are relevant in length and content, avoiding lengthy selections that distract when they give a speech. Prudent planning includes:

  • Cueing clips to the appropriate starting point.
  • Providing context to the audience.
  • Avoiding technical mishaps that detract from credibility.

Ultimately, audiovisual aids should complement and reinforce key points of the speech, enhancing audience comprehension and retention without overshadowing the speaker’s message.

Handouts are tangible resources provided to the audience containing information relevant to the presentation. Their most significant advantage lies in the physical interaction they facilitate, allowing audiences to engage with the material through touch, sight, and reading. By involving multiple senses, handouts enhance information retention.

They also reference unclear points during the presentation, ensuring consistent audience comprehension. Additionally, handouts extend the presentation’s impact beyond its duration, as they persist in the audience’s possession long after the event. This reinforces memory recall and association with the presentation’s content.

Deciding when to distribute handouts is crucial. While providing comprehensive handouts at the end prevents distractions during the speech, offering summarized versions at the beginning aids audience comprehension and participation.

Effective handouts require careful management and consideration. Distributing enough copies for each audience member ensures professionalism and accessibility. Handouts should contain only essential information organized logically to support the presentation’s key points. Informing the audience of their purpose and how to use them effectively fosters engagement and understanding.

Brochures or detailed handouts offer additional depth, particularly in research-intensive presentations like business or healthcare topics. They enable audiences to review information at their own pace and engage in collaborative note-taking, fostering discourse and interaction.

Handouts are valuable tools for reinforcing presentation content, aiding audience comprehension, and extending engagement beyond the live event. Properly managed and designed, they contribute significantly to a speaker’s credibility and audience satisfaction.

Demonstrations

Forms of Presentation Aids

Demonstrations are dynamic tools used to illustrate and reinforce key points in presentations. They encompass various forms, including physical demonstrations, allegorical stories, or live performances, all of which aim to anchor abstract concepts in reality for audience comprehension.

Memorable examples, like those from science classes, highlight the effectiveness of demonstrations in engaging audiences. Demonstrations leave lasting impressions through sensory involvement, as they stimulate multiple senses, enhancing understanding and retention.

Personal stories or case studies serve as powerful demonstrations. They allow audiences to immerse themselves in the narrative, making the message more relatable and memorable.

However, while demonstrations can elevate presentations, they must be used judiciously. Overuse or irrelevant demonstrations can detract from the main message, undermining the presentation’s effectiveness.

Live performances, exemplified by Steve Jobs’ iconic product unveilings, showcase the potential of demonstrations in public relations. They garner attention and media coverage, even in the face of problem if your presentation aid malfunctions, as demonstrated by Tesla’s Cybertruck unveiling.

Despite setbacks, such as the unexpected failure of Tesla’s armored windows, demonstrations often generate significant publicity, underscoring their impact on audience engagement and perception.

Strategically incorporating demonstrations can transform a speaking situation from average to exceptional, leaving a lasting impression on audiences and effectively conveying key messages.

Maximizing Impact with Presentation Aids

Incorporating possible presentation aids into presentations can transform your message from average to unforgettable. From captivating images to informative graphs, these aids enhance audience understanding and engagement. They also act as a bridge between complex ideas and audience comprehension, ensuring your message resonates long after the presentation ends .

Quality visuals, such as high-resolution images and clear charts, are essential for effective communication. They help maintain focus and reinforce key points, guiding your audience through your presentation effortlessly. By strategically selecting and integrating video clips during a speech, you can enhance credibility, emphasize ideas, and leave a lasting impression on your audience.

Remember, choosing the right visual aid prior to beginning your speech is key to delivering a compelling message. So whether you’re presenting in person or virtually, consider incorporating these seven presentation aids to talk about during your speech. The right visuals can contribute positively to your speech and you can deliver a stellar presentation every time.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1.  Why should presenters use presentation aids?

Presenters use aids like visuals and sounds to boost their message and keep the audience engaged at any speaking event. These aids clarify complex ideas, especially in nerve-wracking situations like public speaking , ensuring clear communication and maintaining focus.

2. How do visuals like images contribute to presentations?

Images are powerful tools that enhance understanding and evoke emotions. They provide visual experiences, making presentations more engaging, credible, and memorable. Unlike words, photographs bridge the gap between description and reality, ensuring more transparent comprehension.

3. What role do graphs and charts play in presentations?

A: Graphs and charts simplify complex information, making it easier for audiences to grasp statistics and figures. They prioritize clarity over complexity, guiding transitions and reinforcing critical points effectively. Presenters facilitate audience understanding and engagement by transforming numerical data into visual formats.

4. How can handouts enhance presentations?

Handouts are tangible resources that aid information retention and extend engagement beyond the live event. They reference unclear points, reinforcing memory recall and association with the presentation’s content. Properly managed and designed, handouts significantly contribute to a speaker’s credibility and audience satisfaction.

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Presentation Geeks

10 Presentation Aids To Enhance Your Presentation

Table of contents.

You’re putting together a presentation and you’ve considered using presentation aids but don’t know where to begin?

Whether you’re a seasoned veteran presenter or new to the industry and looking on how to become a better presenter , we’ve got you covered with tips and tricks and everything you need to know about presentation aids.

We’ve put together this comprehensive list of 10 presentation aids you should incorporate in your next presentation, seminar, public speaking event or any other audience engagement to ensure your key messages are retained and you remain at the forefront of people’s minds.

Whether it’s visual aids, creative design or new ideas you wouldn’t necessarily think of to use in your line of work, we’ve broken down the bias to help give you a fresh mind on some presentation aids you should use.

What Are Presentation Aids?

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

A presentation aid is a complementary tool you can and should use in order to have your presentation stand out and enhance it.

They are sensory aids to help elevate your speech, performance or powerpoint presentation.

Where words fail, presentation aids come in to support.

A presentation aid can be used alone or in combination with other presentation aids. More often than not, it is encouraged to combine a couple of presentation aids to target the different senses – hearing, vision, smell, & taste.

The more senses you target, the more likely your presentation will be remembered.

For example, audio and video clips might be sprinkled throughout your presentation slide deck. Although these are all different presentation aids, using them in a combined way will enhance the overall presentation and increase audience engagement.

Presentation aids work because they tap into the presentation psychology ; the underpinning of our minds and how we perceive and remember great presentations. Whether someone is an auditory or visual learner, using additional presentation aids that target these senses will help take your presentation from average to phenomenal.

Why Do Presenters Use Presentation Aids?

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Every presenter has their reasoning for selecting the presentation aids they use.

With the advancement of technology, presenters have been using more and more visual aids in their presentations in order to enhance the overall audience experience and create a great visual presentation .

Whether your presentation is in-person or instead a virtual presentation , the objective is always the same. Get your key messaging across with minimal miscommunication. Getting your key message across to your audience members can be done with the help of effective presentation aids.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Both informal and formal presentations incorporate some degree of presentation aids.

Presentation aids provide many benefits to a presenter. A presenter may use a combination of both visual aids and auditory aids to increase audience engagement and to help deliver their message.

Let’s break it down as to why a presenter would use visual aids and why a presenter would use auditory aids.

At a high level, it first depends on the audience. You should always begin crafting your presentation by understanding who your audience is and what you want them to take away from your presentation. This will help define the aids you select.

If your audience has a shorter attention span such as young adults or children, consider using more visual aids like videos or imagery. You may do this by adding videos into your PowerPoint presentation or adding images.

Perhaps you want your audience to remember things or act on something after the presentation has already concluded. A brochure or presentation handout might be a great aid to use as it leaves a physical, tangible item with the audience.

Trying to get funding or convert audience members into sales? A demonstration or live performance of the product can help people envision themselves using the product.

Presentation aids are used to help deliver your message and influence people. Understand your audience and the message you want them to take away and you’re halfway done deciding which complementary presentation tool you should use.

10 Types Of Presentation Aids

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Before we begin going through the list of presentation aids you should use, we want to first preface with a word of caution.

Don’t overdo it.

As tempting as it may be to incorporate all 10 presentation types of presentation aids into your allotted time, don’t. You may be doing yourself a disservice.

Too many presentation aids may begin to distract your audience rather than support your messaging.

If you give your audience a handout, have them glance at an image with some written text all on one slide all the while you’re speaking over everything, there is too much going on. Your audience won’t know where to place their attention.

Also, some presentation aids don’t work in the environment in which the presentation is being held.

For example, if your presentation is virtual with absolutely no in-person audience members, a demonstration or live performance might not make practical sense.

Use these tools sparingly.

With that being said, let’s dive into the top 10 types of presentation aids we believe you should incorporate into your next presentation based on presentation feedback we’ve received over the years as presentation designers.

1 – PowerPoint Slides, Google Slides & Prezi Slides

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

One of the very first presentation aids we’ve all been taught to use and have more than likely used at least once in a school or work environment is a presentation slide deck.

Almost all presentations nowadays have a slide deck accompanying the presentation since it has been engrained in our minds as an essential for every presentation.

Whether it’s a motivational speech, client pitch presentation , RFP presentation , virtual presentation or an investment pitch presentation , they typically always use a slide deck.

Slide decks are great because they’re often easily customizable and there are plenty of well designed templates you can find online.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Slide decks such as PowerPoint Slides, Google Slides and Prezi Slides also allow a presenter to incorporate additional presentation aids such as videos, images or graphs seamlessly. Rather than having to jump back and forth between tabs, monitors or computers, a presentation slide deck consolidates all the information into one place.

When presenting to a large audience, a slide deck also allows audience members who are seated at the back of the venue to still take away the key points you’re trying to highlight. When highlighting key points, they will often be mentioned in the slide deck which is often displayed using a large projector and screen or video monitor.

Lastly, a presentation slide deck is a great tool to use as a reference.

The key details should be illustrated in the slide deck. Once the presentation is over, the slide deck can be a stand alone takeaway the audience or client can reference at a later date once the presentation has long past.

2 – Visual Aids, Audio And Video Clips

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

At a minimum, you should have at least one of the following presentation aids – imagery, audio or video.

Imagery can be more than just a photo. Imagery encompasses your slide deck, the color theory you use such as brand colors, how you embellish quotes and more.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

For example, rather than sticking a text block on your slide deck with a quote, try enhancing the quote with the some visual appeal. You may consider adding a photo of the person who said the quote, stylizing the font with script writing so it seems more humanized and lastly using colors to highlight key words you want to bring to the audience’s attention.

Audio is another great tool to use, especially if you plan on incorporating motion graphics in your presentation. It also adds a layer of depth.

Since the audience will likely be hearing you speak for a majority of the presentation, having a pre-recorded narration over motion graphics will help create a “unique moment” in your presentation – almost like a bookmark. This will help your audience segment your presentation and retain information better.

Finally, videos have continued to grow in popularity as it is a combination of both visual aids and auditory aids.

Your video can be a live action video with real actors or it can be a stop motion animation. Whatever video style you decide, a video clip will help get your message across and enhance audience memory.

By combining all three aids, you’re targeting a combination of both visual and auditory senses. This combination will help your presentation stick out as human learning occurs visually and through auditory.

3 – Sizzle Reels

Although similar to videos, sizzle reels add a bit of flair traditional videos often lack.

Sentiment wise, videos can be positive, neutral or even negative while a sizzle reel’s sentiment is usually always positive.

Sizzle reels are very promotional in the sense that they are created with an intended purpose to have the audience act or feel in a certain way.

Unlike a video which may be used to support an argument or provide raw, unfiltered visual dialogue, a sizzle reel is typically created with a specific purpose for persuasion or selling.

Oftentimes, a sizzle reel is used to demonstrate or highlight a specific idea, product or sample of work usually presented with positive connotation. The presenter is trying to get the audience to be on the same page as them.

Like a video, a sizzle reel can be live action or animated – it is the intention of the video which makes it a sizzle reel or not.

4 – Motion Graphics

Keep your audience’s eyes stimulated by incorporating motion graphics into your presentation.

Motion graphics use the illusion of motion or rotation to make something which is typically stationary to appear as though it’s moving.

Motion graphics are great when they are used effectively. Too much motion graphics or improperly used motion graphics takes away your presentation’s credibility as it may begin to appear too animated and comical.

Depending on your presentation niche, motion graphics can really help enhance your presentation.

If your presentation primarily deals with lots of text, consider using motion graphics to help liven things up.

PresGeek Portfolio - Flowmill Explainer Video from Presentation Geeks on Vimeo .

You may be thinking to yourself, “Well, why not just use video?”. To that we say video isn’t for every industry. Although video may seem like the best option, it can often hurt your presentation more than it benefits it.

Consider a historical speech, one with a powerful message. Would you rather just watch a video of the person speaking, or perhaps a carefully curated kinetic typography motion graphic?

In this instance, although a video is still acceptable, you would be better off with motion graphics.

Motion graphics aren’t to be confused with animation. The difference between motion graphics and animation is motion graphics convert a typically stationary object into a moving one. Motion graphics don’t follow a typical storytelling narrative.

Animation on the other hand takes the audience on an emotional journey through storytelling which is an additional presentation aid we will discuss.

5 – 3D Modeling & Animation

If motion graphics aren’t enough, try using 3D Modeling and animation to bring your ideas to life and help tell a story!

3D Modeling and animation help bring hard to conceptualize ideas into a more tangible reality.

For example, if you’re presenting a prototype of a car, home or the latest piece of tech, spending money into developing a fully functional or full-scale product may not be feasible – especially if you’re merely pitching the idea to get funding in the first place.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

3D modeling allows your audience to see how the product will look and perform if it were real.

Animation helps connect your messaging to your audience through the art of storytelling. Animation allows you to tell stories far beyond the scope of what is in our reality and can really help emphasize your brand’s essence.

For example, Red Bull did a great job with their advertising using the art of animation. Red Bull’s slogan of “Red Bull gives you wings” is personified through animation as their animated characters are given wings after drinking their product. They’re also put in high-intensity situations. Although often comical, animation helped bring the brand essence to life.

This could still be done with live-action actors and CGI, but the cost is far more than animation.

Animation is a cost-effective storytelling tool to bring even the most extremes of situations into a digestible reality.

6 – Maps

Our world has shifted to become a global village.

It is almost impossible to go about your day without hearing a piece of international news.

Whether it’s news, politics, culture or business, we are connected to different nations around the world. As you progress in your life, you’ll soon encounter yourself presenting to people around the world whether virtually or in-person.

If you are presenting to people around the world whether it be for politics, culture or business, adding a map is another great presentation aid to help visualize the interconnectedness between each other.

A map can be used to highlight geographical hotspots, geographical trends and more.

Here are some examples we’ve put together of when you would use a map.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Planning to expand your business? Why not include a map pinpointing all your existing locations relative to your new expansion.

Planning to show how diseases spread throughout the world and relative hotspots of infections? Consider adding a map with varying degrees of color to highlight infection densities.

Maps don’t need to be international either depicting every country – they can be used for small businesses showcasing a localized region.

Lastly, maps help put things into perspective. Tying back to presentation psychology, people are more likely to express emotions or feel connected to something the closer they are to it, physically. By using a map, you can put your message into perspective for your audience.

7 – Infographic Charts & Graphs

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Rather than simply putting a few numbers up on a slide deck and calling it a day, try inputting these numbers in a chart or graph.

You have to consider your audience and not everyone learns or absorbs information by simply reading. They need to visualize comparisons and differences. Charts and graphs are one great way to do this.

Let’s take a look at the example above. It could’ve been easy enough to show there was a 280% increase in energy saving, but we were missing a big chunk of the story which was expenses were declining. You also don’t see the scale of energy savings relative to expenses with just words.

Instead, opting to put numbers into a visual format, the audience members can easily understand the advantages and compare it to the change over time.

Remember – try and avoid very complex graphs. When you start to input complex graphs into a presentation, you’ll begin to lose the audience as they will be too busy focusing on understanding the graph.

If possible, leave the audience with resources they can look back to after the presentation such as a brochure or handout where they can take as much time as they need to digest more robust graphs.

8 – Infographic Diagrams

Unlike charts and graphs which primarily focus on data and numbers, a diagram focuses on the appearance, structure, flow or workings of something.

A diagram is a great presentation aid to use as it helps break complex ideas into step-by-step sections the audience can follow along with.

Not only does it provide clear steps, but it can help speak to key points of a product or timeline.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

For example, this diagram goes over the structure of an EV charger.

Rather than just showing an image of the charger with bullet points off to the side, a diagram provides clear connection lines from the point being made and where it’s located on the final product.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Diagrams also help illustrate flow. Whether it be the customer journey, your product development or your company’s growth, diagrams are great ways to show consistent progression in a logical, step-by-step pattern.

9 – Brochures & Presentation Handouts

One way to really connect with your audience and almost guarantee they’ll leave the presentation remembering something is with a brochure or handout.

A brochure or handout is a physical printout which could be a combination of images, written text and diagrams.

Oftentimes, brochures and handouts are used to elaborate on information already being presented but in further detail. Depending on the scope of your presentation, you may want to opt to have a brochure or presentation handout.

If the nature of your presentation requires thorough research, data and insight such as business or healthcare, a handout can allow your audience to review the information at their own pace at a later time.

A brochure or handout also allows audience members to jot down information.

This is important if you’re trying to encourage audience participation.

By enabling the audience to jot down their own notes and have time near the end of your presentation for them to collaborate and speak to points throughout your presentation, you’ll be engaging in a discourse with your audience.

10 – Demonstration or Live Performance

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

The last presentation aid we recommend is also one of the hardest to pull off – a demonstration or live performance.

A demonstration or live performance is when you’re presenting the truth and validity of something. For example, you might do a demonstration of how your product performs. Or, instead of playing music, you could have a live performance.

One of the most well-known presenters to do demonstrations or live performances is Steve Jobs. At the unveiling of any new Apple product, Steve Jobs was there on stage with the product in-hand ready to demonstrate its state of the art capabilities.

Demonstration or live performances are one of the best presentation aids to use as they often go hand in hand with public relations. Whether the performance goes well or bad, you can almost be sure there will be press coverage of it afterwards.

A great example of a demonstration which went south was Tesla’s Cybertruck and their armored windows . What was supposed to be strong, armored glass came to a shattering end when a Tesla employee threw a steel ball at not just one window, but both the front and rear window leaving both of them shattered. The hope was for the steel ball to ricochet off the window to demonstrate their durability, but instead they failed.

Although this might seem like a failure, the coverage it got after the presentation was a complete publicity success.

Advantages & Disadvantages Of Using Presentation Aids

As with everything in life, there are always two sides of the coin – positives and negatives.

The same goes for using presentation aids.

Rather than experimenting yourself and learning the hard way of advantages and disadvantages, we’ve put together this short yet informative section to help guide your decision making.

Presentation aids are great complementary tools you should use in every presentation. They allow you to connect with audience members in new and unique ways.

One of the advantages of using presentation aids is to appeal to different audiences.

Everyone has a different attention span. Everyone also learns and absorbs information differently. By disseminating your key message using new and unique methods, you’re able to appeal to a larger audience.

Secondly, presentation aids allow the lifespan of your presentation to be extended.

Imagine your presentation was only you speaking. The moment you’re done talking, the presentation is over and it begins to fade from people’s memory. With the help of presentation aids, you avoid this outcome and extend how long your presentation is remembered for.

For example, if you used a slide deck to accompany your presentation, the slide deck can be made available to audience members after the presentation to reference.

Lastly, presentation aids help reduce the attention that’s put on you and allow you to take breaks while presenting.

If you’re a beginner, it can be intimidating to be the center of attention. With the added use of presentation aids, you can break up your presentation to allow the aids to do the work. If you have a video, once you begin to play it, the audience’s attention will be redirected to the video. This will allow you time to pause, recollect your thoughts, take a drink of water if needed and continue on with the presentation afterwards.

Disadvantages

Presentation aids are not the miracle solution.

If you don’t have a solid foundation on which your presentation is built upon, it doesn’t matter how many or which presentation aids you decide to use. You need to ensure your presentation is properly structured from the beginning.

Presenters can also get carried away with using too many presentation aids.

When you don’t take the time to reflect on the presentation aids you are using and just begin spitballing every presentation aid into your presentation just because you know of these tools, doesn’t mean you should. They begin to become a distraction and takeaway from the messaging you’re trying to get across.

Conclusion – Should You Use Presentation Aids?

The short and sweet answer is yes. You should absolutely use presentation aids.

Unless your plan is to only be a storyteller letting the audience create an image in their mind, then you should consider using at least one of the presentation aid types mentioned above.

Not only will presentation aids help your audience learn and retain the information better, it may actually help you!

Presentation aids require you to contribute more work to the final product. It requires you to carefully think of the story you’re trying to convey to your audience and which best method to do so. By taking this extra bit of time to sit down and reflect on your presentation and actually produce well-crafted aids, you’ll be setting yourself up as a thought-leader on the topic.

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Author:  Ryan

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13 Presentation Aids

Learning objectives.

  • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the ways to use presentation aids.
  • Understand the range of choices for presentation aids.
  • Explain the role of careful planning and good execution when using presentation aids.

What Are Presentation Aids?

When you deliver a speech, you are presenting much more than just a collection of words and ideas. Because you are speaking “live and in person,” your audience members will experience your speech through all five of their senses: hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch. In some speaking situations, the speaker appeals only to the sense of hearing, more or less ignoring the other senses. The speaking event can be greatly enriched by appeals to the other senses using presentation aids.

Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech itself that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids speakers most typically use are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech excerpts, and sound effects. A speaker may also use fragrance samples or food samples as olfactory (smell) or gustatory (taste) aids. Presentation aids can be three-dimensional objects, animals, and people, and they can unfold over a period of time, as in the case of a how-to demonstration.

As you can see, the range of possible presentation aids is almost infinite. However, to be effective, each presentation aid a speaker uses must be a direct, uncluttered example of a specific element of the speech. It is understandable that someone presenting a speech about Abraham Lincoln might want to include a picture of him. However, because most people already know what Lincoln looked like, the picture would not contribute much to the message (unless, perhaps, the message was specifically about the changes in Lincoln’s appearance during his time in office). Other visual artifacts are likely to deliver information more directly relevant to the speech. For example, when giving a speech about Lincoln, a speaker may use a diagram of the interior of Ford’s Theater where Lincoln was assassinated, a draft of the messy and much-edited Gettysburg Address, or a photograph of the Lincoln family. The key is that each presentation aid must directly express an idea in your speech.

Moreover, presentation aids must be used at the specific time you are presenting the ideas related to the aid. For example, if you are speaking about coral reefs and one of your supporting points is about the location of the world’s major reefs, it will make sense to display a map of these reefs while you’re talking about their location. If you display it while you are explaining what coral actually is, or after you have completed your speech, the map will not serve as a useful visual aid. In fact, it’s likely to be a distraction.

Presentation aids must also be easy to use. At a conference on organic farming, one of the authors watched as the facilitator opened the orientation session by creating a conceptual map of our concerns, using a large newsprint pad on an easel. In his shirt pocket, there were wide-tipped felt markers in several colors. As he was using the black marker to write the word “pollution,” he dropped the cap on the floor, and it rolled a few inches under the easel. When he bent over to pick up the cap, all the other markers fell out of his pocket. They rolled about too, and when he tried to retrieve them, he bumped the easel, leading the easel and newsprint pad to tumble over on top of him. The audience responded with amusement and thundering applause, but the serious tone of his speech was ruined. The next two days of the conference were punctuated with allusions to the unforgettable orientation speech. Markers falling across the floor is not how you will want your speech to be remembered.

To be effective, presentation aids must also be easy for the listeners to see and understand. In this chapter, we will present some principles and strategies to help you incorporate hardworking, effective presentation aids into your speech. We will begin by discussing the functions that a good presentation aid fulfills. Next, we will explore some of the many types of presentation aids and how best to design and utilize them. We will also describe various media that can be used for presentation aids and will conclude with tips for successful preparation and use of presentation aids in a speech.

Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech itself that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience.

Functions of Presentation Aids

Why should you use presentation aids? If you have prepared and rehearsed your speech adequately, shouldn’t a good speech with a good delivery be enough to stand on its own? While it is true that impressive presentation aids will not rescue a poor speech, it is also important to recognize that a good speech can often be made better by the strategic use of presentation aids.

Presentation aids can fulfill several functions: they can serve to improve your audience’s understanding of the information you are conveying, enhance audience memory and retention of the message, add variety and interest to your speech, and enhance your credibility as a speaker. Let’s examine each of these functions.

Improving Audience Understanding

Human communication is a complicated process that often leads to misunderstandings. If you are like most people, you can easily remember incidents when you misunderstood a message or when someone else misunderstood what you said to them. Misunderstandings happen in public speaking just as they do in everyday conversations.

One reason for misunderstandings is the fact that perception and interpretation are highly complex individual processes. Most of us have seen the image in which, depending on your perception, you see either the outline of a vase or the facial profiles of two people facing each other. These types of images show how interpretations can differ. Your presentations must be based on careful thought and preparation to maximize the likelihood that your listeners will understand the intention of your presentation.

As a speaker, one of your basic goals is to help your audience understand your message. To reduce misunderstanding, presentation aids can be used to clarify or to emphasize.

Clarification is important in a speech because if some of the information you convey is unclear, your listeners will come away puzzled or possibly even misled. Presentation aids can help clarify a message if the information is complex or if the point being made is a visual one.

If your speech is about the impact of the Coriolis effect on tropical storms, for instance, you will have great difficulty clarifying it without a diagram because the process is a complex one. The diagram in Figure 1: The Coriolis Effect would be helpful because it shows the audience the interaction between equatorial wind patterns and wind patterns moving in other directions. The diagram allows the audience to process the information in two ways: through your verbal explanation and through the visual elements of the diagram.

Figure 1:  The Coriolis Effect

Coriolis Effect

Figure 2: Model of Communication is another example of a diagram that maps out the process of human communication. In this image, you clearly have a speaker and an audience (albeit slightly abstract), with the labels of the source, channel, message, receivers, and feedback to illustrate the basic linear model of human communication.

Figure 2:  Model of Communication

Model of Communication

Another aspect of clarifying occurs when a speaker wants to visually help audience members understand a visual concept. For example, if a speaker is talking about the importance of petroglyphs in Native American culture, just describing the petroglyphs won’t completely help your audience to visualize what they look like. Instead, showing an example of a petroglyph, as in Figure 3: Petroglyph , could help your audience form a clear mental image of your intended meaning.

Figure 3:  Petroglyph

Petroglyph

Emphasizing

When you use a presentational aid for emphasis, you impress your listeners with the importance of an idea. In a speech on water conservation, you might try to show the environmental proportions of the resource. When you use a conceptual drawing like the one in Figure 4: Planetary Water Supply ,  you show that if the world water supply were equal to ten gallons, only ten drops would be available and potable for human or household consumption. This drawing is effective because it emphasizes the scarcity of useful water and draws attention to this important information in your speech.

Figure 4 : Planetary Water Supply

Planetary Water Supply. For every one cup of polluted water, there are ten drops of usable water.

Another way to visually emphasize information in your speech is to zoom in on a specific aspect of interest within your speech. In Figure 5: Chinese Lettering Amplified, we see a visual aid used in a speech on the importance of various parts of Chinese characters. On the left side of the visual aid, we see how the characters all fit together, with an emphasized version of a single character on the right.

Figure 5:  Chinese Lettering Amplified

Chinese Lettering Amplified

Wikimedia Commons – public domain.

Aiding Retention and Recall

The second function that presentation aids can serve is to increase the audience’s chances of remembering your speech. A 1996 article by the US Department of Labor summarized research on how people learn and remember. The authors found that “83% of human learning occurs visually, and the remaining 17% through the other senses—11% through hearing, 3.5% through smell, 1% through taste, and 1.5% through touch” (United States Department of Labor, 1996). Mostly, people learn through seeing things, so the visual component of learning is very important. The article goes on to note that information stored in long-term memory is also affected by how we initially learn the material. In a study of memory, learners were asked to recall information after a three day period. The researchers found that they retained 10 percent of what they heard from an oral presentation, 35 percent from a visual presentation, and 65 percent from a visual and oral presentation (Lockard & Sidowski, 1961). It’s amazing to see how the combined effect of both the visual and oral components can contribute to long-term memory.

For this reason, exposure to a visual image can serve as a memory aid to your listeners. When your graphic images deliver information effectively, and when your listeners understand them clearly, audience members are likely to remember your message long after your speech is over.

Moreover, people can remember information that is presented in sequential steps more easily than if that information is presented in an unorganized pattern. When you use a presentation aid to display the organization of your speech, you will help your listeners to observe, follow, and remember the sequence of information you conveyed to them. This organization is why some instructors display a lecture outline for their students to follow during class.

An added plus of using presentation aids is that they can boost your memory while you are speaking. Using your presentation aids while you rehearse your speech will familiarize you with the association between a given place in your speech and the presentation aid that accompanies that material. For example, if you are giving an informative speech about diamonds, you might plan to display a sequence of slides illustrating the most popular diamond shapes: brilliant, marquise, emerald, and so on. As you finish describing one shape and advance to the next slide, seeing the next diamond shape will help you remember the information about it that you are going to deliver.

Adding Variety and Interest

The third function of presentation aids is to make your speech more interesting. While it is true that a good speech and a well-rehearsed delivery will already include variety in several aspects of the presentation, in many cases, a speech can be made even more interesting by the use of well-chosen presentation aids.

For example, you may have prepared a great speech to inform a group of gardeners about several new varieties of roses suitable for growing in your local area. Although your listeners will undoubtedly understand and remember your message very well without any presentation aids, wouldn’t your speech have greater impact if you accompanied your remarks with a picture of each rose? You can imagine that your audience would be even more enthralled if you could display an actual flower of each variety in a bud vase.

Similarly, if you were speaking to a group of gourmet cooks about Indian spices, you might want to provide tiny samples of spices that they could smell and taste during your speech. Taste researcher Linda Bartoshuk has given presentations in which audience members receive small pieces of fruit and are asked to taste them at certain points during the speech (Association for Psychological Science, 2011).

Enhancing a Speaker’s Credibility

Presentation aids alone will not be enough to create a professional image. As we mentioned earlier, impressive presentation aids will not rescue a poor speech. However, even if you give a good speech, you run the risk of appearing unprofessional if your presentation aids are poorly executed. Meaning, that in addition to containing important information, your presentation aids must be clear, clean, uncluttered, organized, and large enough for the audience to see and interpret correctly.

Misspellings and poorly designed presentation aids can damage your credibility as a speaker. Conversely, a high-quality presentation will contribute to your professional image. Additionally, make sure that you give proper credit to the source of any presentation aids that you take from other sources. Using a statistical chart or a map without proper credit will detract from your credibility, just as using a quotation in your speech without credit would.

If you focus your efforts on producing presentation aids that contribute effectively to your meaning, and look professional and are well handled, your audience will most likely appreciate your efforts and pay close attention to your message. That attention will help them learn or understand your topic in a new way and will thus help the audience see you as a knowledgeable, competent, credible speaker.

Types of Presentation Aids

As we saw in the example of the presentation at the organic farming conference, using presentation aids can be risky. However, with a little forethought and adequate practice, you can choose presentation aids that enhance your message and boost your professional appearance in front of an audience.

One principle to keep in mind is to use only as many presentation aids as necessary to present your message or to fulfill your classroom assignment. Although the maxim “less is more” may sound like a cliché, it really does apply in this instance. The technical sophistication of your presentation aids should never overshadow your speech.

Another important consideration is technology. Keep your presentation aids within the limits of the working technology available to you. Whether or not your classroom technology works on the day of your speech, you will still have to present. What will you do if the computer file containing your slides is corrupted? What will you do if the easel is broken? What if you had counted on stacking your visuals on a table that disappears right when you need it? You must be prepared to adapt to an uncomfortable and scary situation. These scenarios are why we urge students to go to the classroom at least fifteen minutes ahead of time to test the equipment and ascertain the condition of things they’re planning to use. As the speaker, you are responsible for arranging the items you need to make your presentation aids work as intended. Carry a roll of duct tape so you can display your poster even if the easel is gone. Find an extra chair if your table has disappeared. Test the computer setup, and have an alternative plan prepared in case there is some glitch that prevents your computer-based presentation aids from being usable. The more sophisticated the equipment is, the more prepared you should be with an alternative, even in a “smart classroom.”

More important than the method of delivery is the audience’s ability to see and understand the presentation aid. It must deliver clear information, and it must not distract from the message. Avoid overly elaborate presentation aids because they can distract the audience’s attention from your message. Instead, simplify as much as possible, emphasizing the information you want your audience to understand.

Another thing to remember is that presentation aids do not “speak for themselves.” When you display a visual aid, you should explain what it shows, pointing out and naming the most important features. If you use an audio aid, such as a musical excerpt, you need to tell your audience a specific thing to listen for. Similarly, if you use a video clip, it is up to you as the speaker to point out the characteristics of the video that support the point you are making.

Although there are many useful presentation tools, you should not attempt to use every one of these tools in a single speech. Your presentation aids should be designed to look like a coherent set. For instance, if you decide to use three slides and a poster, all four of these visual aids should make use of the same type font and basic design.

Now that we’ve explored some basic hints for preparing visual aids, let’s look at the most common types of visual aids: charts, graphs, representations, objects/models, and people.

A chart is a graphical representation of data (often numerical) or a sketch representing an ordered process. Whether you create your charts, or do research to find charts that already exist, it is important for them to exactly match the specific purpose in your speech. In the rest of this section, we’re going to explore three common types of charts: statistical charts, sequence-of-steps chart, and decision trees.

Statistical Charts

For most audiences, statistical presentations must be kept as simple as possible, and they must be explained. Unless you are familiar with statistics, a chart may be very confusing. When visually displaying information from a quantitative study, you need to make sure that you understand the material and can successfully explain how one should interpret the data. If you are unsure about the data yourself, then you should probably not use this type of information. Figure 6: Effects of Smoking on Different Body Systems is surely an example of a visual aid that, although it delivers a limited kind of information, does not speak for itself.

Figure 6: Effects of Smoking on Different Body Systems

Congenital Anomalies Relative Risk Number of Smokers N = 1,943 Number of Nonsmokers N = 16,073 95% Cl -Value
Cardiovascular System 1.56 43 217 1.12-2.19 <.01</td>
Skeletal System 1.11 19 139 0.68-1.82 NS
Hematologic System 1.39 20 121 0.86-2.25 NS
Nervous System 1.30 4 25 0.91-1.86 NS
Pulmonary System 1.25 7 39 0.55-2.84 NS
Gastrointestinal System 0.54 1 17 0.07-4.11 NS

Wikimedia Commons – public domain; and Wikimeida Commons – public domain.

Sequence-of-Steps Charts

Charts are also useful when you are trying to explain a process that involves several steps. The visual aid in Figure 7: Steps in Cell Reproduction  depicts the process of cell division called mitosis using a sequence-of-steps chart. The chart labels the phases, which can help your audience understand the process.

Figure 7:  Steps in Cell Reproduction

Wikipedia  – public domain

DecisionTrees

Decision trees are useful for showing the relationships between ideas. The example in Figure 8: To Play or Not to Play shows how a decision tree could be used to determine the appropriate weather for playing baseball. As with the other types of charts, you want to be sure that the information in the chart is relevant to the purpose of your speech and that each question and decision is clearly labeled.

Figure 8:  To Play or Not to Play

To Play or Not to Play

Strictly speaking, a graph may be considered a type of chart, but graphs are so widely used that we will discuss them separately. A graph is a pictorial representation of the relationships of quantitative data using dots, lines, bars, pie slices, and the like. Graphs show the variation in one variable in comparison with that of one or more other variables. Where a statistical chart may report the mean ages of individuals entering college, a graph would show how the mean age changes over time. A statistical chart may report the number of computers sold in the United States, while a graph will show the breakdown of those computers by operating systems such as Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. Public speakers can use graphs from a range of different formats. Some of those formats are specialized for various professional fields. Very complex graphs often contain too much information that is not related to the purpose of a student’s speech. If the graph is cluttered, it becomes difficult to comprehend.

In this section, we’re going to analyze types of graphs speakers frequently utilize in their speeches: line graphs, bar graphs, and pie graphs.

A line graph is designed to show trends over time. In Figure 9: Enron’s Stock Price , we see a line graph depicting the fall of Enron’s stock price from August 2000 to January 2002. Notice that although it has some steep rises, the line has an overall downward trend clearly depicting the plummeting of Enron’s stock price. Showing such a line graph helps the audience see the relationships between the numbers. The audience can also understand the information by seeing the graph much more easily than they could if the speaker just read the numbers aloud.

Figure 9:  Enron’s Stock Price

Enron's Stock Price has plummeted from August of 2000 to December of 2001

Wikimedia Common – CC BY-SA 2.0.

Bar graphs are useful for showing the differences between quantities. They can be used for population demographics, fuel costs, math ability in different grades, and many other kinds of data. The graph in Figure 10: Natural Death vs. Homicide is well designed. It is relatively simple and is carefully labeled, making it easy for you to guide your audience through the quantities of each type of death. The bar graph is designed to show the difference between natural deaths and homicides across various age groups. When you look at the data, the first grouping clearly shows that eighteen to twenty-four-year-olds are more likely to die because of a homicide than any of the other age groups.

Figure 10:  Natural Death vs. Homicide

Natural Death vs. Homicide Bar Graph

Pie graphs should be simplified as much as possible without eliminating important information. As with other graphs, the sections need to be plotted proportionally. In the pie graph shown in Figure 11: Causes of Concussions in Children , we see a clear and proportional chart that has been color-coded. Color-coding is useful when it’s difficult to fit the explanations in the actual sections of the graph. In this case, you need to include a legend, or key, to indicate what the colors in the graph mean. In this graph, audience members can see very quickly that falls are the primary reason children receive concussions.

Figure 11:  Causes of Concussions in Children

Causes of Concussions in Children. 44.5% Fall, 22.9% struck by object, 17.2% collision, 11.1% struck by person, 3.1% assault, 1.2% unknown

The pie graph in Figure 12: World Populations is jumbled, illegible, confusing, and overwhelming in every way. The use of color coding doesn’t help. Overall, this graph simply contains too much information and is more likely to confuse an audience than help them understand something.

Figure 12:  World Populations

World Populations

Representations

In the world of presentation aids, representation  is the word used to classify a group of aids designed to represent real processes or objects. Often, speakers want to visually demonstrate something that they cannot physically bring with them to the speech. Maybe you’re giving a speech on the human brain, and you don’t have access to a cadaver’s brain. Instead of bringing in a real brain, you could use a picture of a brain or an image that represents the human brain. In this section, we’re going to explore four common representations: diagrams, maps, photographs, and video or recordings.

Diagrams are drawings or sketches that outline and explain the parts of an object, process, or phenomenon that cannot be readily seen. Like graphs, diagrams can be considered a type of chart, as in the case of organization charts and process flow charts.

When you use a diagram, be sure to explain each part of the phenomenon, paying special attention to elements that are complicated or prone to misunderstanding. In the example shown in Figure 13: The Human Eye , you might wish to highlight that the light stimulus is reversed when it is processed through the brain or that the optic nerve is not a single stalk as many people think.

Figure 13:  The Human Eye

The human eye

Maps are useful if the information is clear and limited. There are all kinds of maps, including population, weather, ocean current, political, and economic maps. You should be able to find the right type for the purpose of your speech. Choose a map that emphasizes the information you need to deliver.

The map shown in Figure 14: African Map with Nigerian Emphasis is simple. It clearly shows the geographic location of Nigeria. This map can be valuable for some audiences who might not be able to name and locate countries on the continent of Africa.

Figure 14:  African Map with Nigerian Emphasis

African Map with Nigerian Emphasis

Figure 15: Rhode Island Map is a map of the state of Rhode Island, and it emphasizes the complicated configuration of islands and waterways that characterize this state’s geography. Although the map does not list the names of the islands, it is helpful in orienting the audience to the direction and distance of the islands to other geographic features, such as the city of Providence and the Atlantic Ocean.

Figure 15:  Rhode Island Map

Rhode Island Map

Source: Map courtesy of the National Atlas of the United States.

Photographs and Drawings

Sometimes a photograph or a drawing is the best way to show an unfamiliar but important detail.

The photograph of the tall ship in Figure 17: Ship’s Rigging  could be used to emphasize the sheer amount and complexity of the ship’s rigging.

Figure 17:  Ship’s Rigging

People standing on a ship's rigging

Video or Audio Recordings

Another useful type of presentation aid is a video or audio recording. Whether it is a short video from a website such as YouTube or Vimeo, a segment from a song, or a piece of a podcast, a well-chosen video or audio recording may be a good choice to enhance your speech.

Imagine, for example, that you’re giving a speech on how “Lap-Band” surgeries help people lose weight. One of the sections of your speech could explain how the Lap-Band works, so you could easily show the following forty-three-second video to demonstrate the medical part of the surgery ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPuThbFMxGg ). Maybe you want to include a recording of a real patient explaining why they decided to get the Lap-Band surgery. Then, you could include a podcast like this one from the Medical University of South Carolina ( http://medicaluniversc.http.internapcdn.net/medicaluniversc_vitalstream_com/podcasts/2007/1_Treado_June_22_final.mp3 ).

There is one major caveat to using audio and video clips during a speech: do not forget that they are supposed to be aids to your speech, not the speech itself! Additionally, be sure to avoid these three mistakes that speakers often make when using audio and video clips:

  • Avoid choosing clips that are too long for the overall length of the speech. If you are giving a five-minute speech, then any audio or video clip you use should be under thirty seconds in length.
  • Don’t fail to practice with the audio or video equipment before speaking. If you are unfamiliar with the equipment, you’ll have a hard time trying to figure out how it works. Fiddling around with the technology will not only take your audience out of your speech, but it will also have a negative impact on your credibility.
  • Don’t fail to cue the clip to the appropriate place before beginning your speech. We cannot tell you the number of times we’ve seen students spend valuable speech time trying to find a clip on YouTube or a DVD. You need to make sure your clip is ready to go before you start speaking.

Objects or Models

Objects and models are other forms of presentation aid that can be very helpful in getting your audience to understand your message. Objects refer to anything you could hold up and talk about during your speech. If you’re talking about the importance of not using plastic water bottles, you might hold up a plastic water bottle and a stainless steel water bottle as examples. If you’re talking about the percussion family of musical instruments and you own (and can play) several different percussion instruments, you can show your audience in person what they look like and how they sound.

Models , on the other hand, are re-creations of physical objects that you cannot have readily available with you during a speech. If you’re giving a speech on heart murmurs, you may be able to show how heart murmurs work by holding up a model of the human heart.

Animals and People

The next category of presentation aids is people and animals. We can often use animals and people , whether it be an animal, ourselves, or another people, to adequately demonstrate an idea during our speeches.

Animals as Presentation Aids

When giving a speech on a topic relating to animals, it is often tempting to bring an animal to serve as your presentation aid. While this can sometimes add a very engaging dimension to the speech, it carries some serious risks that you need to consider.

The first risk is that animal behavior tends to be unpredictable. You may think this won’t be a problem if your presentation aid animal is a small enough to be kept confined throughout your speech like a goldfish in a bowl or a lizard or bird in a cage. However, even caged animals can be very distracting to your audience if they run about, chirp, or exhibit other agitated behavior. The chances are great that an animal will react to the stress of an unfamiliar situation by displaying behavior that does not contribute positively to your speech.

The second risk is that some audience members may respond negatively to a live animal. In addition to fears and aversions to animals like snakes, spiders, and mice, many people have allergies to various animals.

The third risk is that some locations may have regulations about bringing animals onto the premises. If animals are allowed, the person bringing the animal may be required to bring a veterinary certificate or may be legally responsible for any damage caused by the animal.

For these reasons, before you decide to use an animal as a presentation aid, ask yourself if you could make your point equally well with a picture, model, diagram, or other representation of the animal in question.

Speaker as Presentation Aid

Speakers can often use their own bodies to demonstrate facets of a speech. If your speech is about ballroom dancing or ballet, you might use your body to demonstrate the basic moves in the cha-cha or the five basic ballet positions.

Other People as Presentation Aids

In many speeches, it can be cumbersome and distracting for the speaker to use her or his own body to illustrate a point. In such cases, the best solution is to ask someone else to serve as your presentation aid.

You should arrange ahead of time for a person (or persons) to be an effective aid. Do not assume that an audience member will volunteer on the spot. If you plan to demonstrate how to immobilize a broken bone, your volunteer must know ahead of time that you will touch them as much as necessary to splint their foot. You must also be certain that they will arrive dressed presentably and that they will not draw attention away from your message through their appearance or behavior.

The transaction between you and your human presentation aid must be appropriate, especially if you are going to demonstrate something like a dance step. Use your absolute best judgment about behavior, and make sure that your human presentation aid understands this dimension of the task.

A chart is a graphical representation of data (often numerical) or a sketch representing an ordered process.

A graph is a pictorial representation of the relationships of quantitative data using dots, lines, bars, pie slices, and the like.

A representation is a group of aids designed to represent real processes or objects.

An object refers to anything you could hold up and talk about during your speech.

A model is a re-creation of a physical object that you cannot have readily available with you during a speech.

Animals and people can be used as presentations aids to adequately demonstrate an idea during your speech.

Media to Use for Presentation Aids

The venue of your speech should suggest the appropriate selection of presentation aids. In your classroom, you have several choices, including some that omit technology. If you are speaking in a large auditorium, you will almost certainly need to use technology to project text and images on a large screen.

Many students feel that they lack the artistic skills to render their own graphics, so they opt to use copyright-free graphics on their presentation aids. You may do this as long as you use images that are created in a consistent style. For instance, you should not combine realistic renderings with cartoons unless there is a clear and compelling reason to do so. Being selective in this way will result in a sequence of presentation aids that look like a coherent set, thereby enhancing your professionalism.

In keeping with careful choices and effective design, we also have to do a good job in executing presentation aids. They should never look hastily made, dirty, battered, or disorganized. They do not have to be fancy, but they do need to look professional. In this section, we will discuss the major types of media that can be used for presentation aids, which include computer-based media, audiovisual media, and low-tech media.

Computer-Based Media

In most careers in business, industry, and other professions for which students are preparing themselves, computer-based presentation aids are the norm. Whether the context is a weekly department meeting in a small conference room or an annual convention in a huge amphitheater, speakers are expected to be comfortable with using PowerPoint or other similar software to create and display presentation aids.

If your public speaking course meets in a smart classroom, you have probably had the opportunity to see the computer system in action. Many such systems today are nimble and easy to use. Still, “easy” is a relative term. Don’t take for granted someone else’s advice that “it’s self-explanatory.” Instead, make sure to practice ahead of time. It is also wise to be prepared for technical problems, which can happen to even the most sophisticated computer users. When Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple and co-founder of Pixar, introduced a new iPhone 4 in June 2010, his own visual presentation froze (Macworld, 2010). The irony of a high-tech guru’s technology not working at a public presentation did not escape the notice of news organizations.

The world was first introduced to computer presentations back in the 1970s, but these software packages were expensive and needed highly trained technicians to operate the programs. Today, there are many presentation software programs that are free or relatively inexpensive and that can be learned quickly by nonspecialists. Figure 18: Presentation Software Packages lists several of these options.

Figure 18:  Presentation Software Packages

Name Website Price
Google Presentations Free
Harvard Graphics $
Keynote $
OpenOffice Impress Free
PowerPoint $
PrezentIt Free
Prezi Free/$
ThinkFree Show Free
Zoho Show Free

The user needs to take responsibility for the technology used to support the speech. They should not get carried away with the many special effects the software is capable of producing.

When creating your presentation aid, rely on the universal principles of good design. These principles include unity, emphasis or focal point, scale and proportion, balance, and rhythm (Lauer & Pentak, 2000). As we’ve mentioned earlier, it’s generally best to use a single font for the text on your visuals so that they look like a unified set. In terms of scale or proportion, it is essential to make sure the information is large enough for the audience to see. Also, since the display size may vary according to the monitor you are using, practice in advance with the equipment you intend to use. The rhythm of your slide display should be reasonably consistent. You would not want to display a dozen different slides in the first minute of a five-minute presentation and then display only one slide per minute for the rest of the speech.

In addition to presentation software such as PowerPoint, speakers sometimes have access to interactive computer-based presentation aids. These are often called “clickers.” Clickers are handheld units that audience members hold and that are connected to a monitor to which the speaker has access. These interactive aids are useful for tracking audience responses to questions, and they have the advantage over asking for a show of hands in that they can be anonymous. A number of instructors in various courses use “clickers” in their classrooms.

Using computer-based aids in a speech brings up a few logistical considerations. In some venues, you may need to stand behind a high-tech console to operate the computer. You need to be aware that this will physically isolate you from the audience you with whom you are trying to establish a relationship in your speech. When you stand behind presentation equipment, you may feel more comfortable, but you end up limiting your nonverbal interaction with your audience.

If your classroom is not equipped with a computer and you want to use presentation software media in your speech, you may bring your computer, or you may be able to schedule the delivery of a computer cart to your classroom. In either case, check with your instructor about the advance preparations that will be needed. At some schools, there are very few computer carts, so it is important to reserve one well in advance. You will also want to see if you can gain access to one ahead of time to practice and familiarize yourself with the necessary passwords and commands to make your slides run properly. On the day of your speech, be sure to arrive early enough to test out the equipment before class begins.

Audiovisual Media

Although audio and video clips are often computer-based, they can be (and, in past decades, always were) used without a computer.

Audio presentation aids are useful for illustrating musical themes. For instance, if you’re speaking about how the Polish composer Frederick Chopin was inspired by the sounds of nature, you can convey that meaning through playing an example. If you have a smart classroom, you may be able to use it to play an MP3. Alternatively, you may need to bring your music player. In that case, be sure the speakers in the room are up to the job. The people in the back of the room must be able to hear it, and the speakers must not sound distorted when you turn the volume up.

A video that clarifies, explains, amplifies, emphasizes, or illustrates a key concept in your speech is appropriate, as long as you do not rely on it to do your presentation for you. There are several things you must do. First, identify a specific section of the video that delivers meaning. Second, “cue up” the video so that you can just push play, and it will begin at the right place. Third, tell your audience where the footage comes from. You can tell your audience, for instance, that you are showing them an example from the 1985 BBC documentary titled “In Search of the Trojan War.” Fourth, tell your audience why you’re showing the footage. For instance, you can tell them, “This is an example of storytelling in the Bardic tradition.” You can interrupt or mute the video to make a comment on it, but your total footage should not use more than 20 percent of the time for your speech.

Low-Tech Media

In some speaking situations, of course, computer technology is not available. Even if you have ready access to technology, there will be contexts where computer-based presentation aids are unnecessary or even counterproductive. And in still other contexts, computer-based media may be accompanied by low-tech presentation aids. One of the advantages of low-tech media is that it is very predictable. There’s little that can interfere with using it. Additionally, low-tech media can be inexpensive to produce. However, unlike digital media, it can be prone to physical damage in the form of smudges, scratches, dents, and rips. It can be difficult to keep a poster professional looking if you have to carry it through a rainstorm or blizzard. You will need to take steps to protect it as you transport them to the speech location. Let’s examine some of the low-tech media that you might use with a speech.

  • Chalk or Dry-Erase Board

If you use a chalkboard or dry-erase board, you are not using a prepared presentation aid. Your failure to prepare visuals ahead of time can be interpreted in several ways, mostly negative. If other speakers carefully design, produce, and use attractive visual aids, yours will stand out by contrast. You will be seen as the speaker who does not take the time to prepare even a simple aid. Do not use a chalkboard or marker board and pretend it’s a prepared presentation aid.

However, numerous speakers do utilize chalk and dry-erase boards effectively. Typically, these speakers use the chalk or dry-erase board for interactive components of a speech. For example, maybe you’re giving a speech in front of a group of executives. You may have a PowerPoint all prepared, but at various points in your speech you want to get your audience’s responses. Chalk or dry-erase boards are very useful when you want to visually show information that you are receiving from your audience. If you ever use a chalk or dry-erase board, follow these three simple rules:

  • Write large enough so that everyone in the room can see.
  • Print legibly; don’t write in cursive script.
  • Write short phrases; don’t take time to write complete sentences.

It is also worth mentioning that some classrooms and business conference rooms are equipped with smartboards or digitally enhanced whiteboards. On a smartboard, you can bring up prepared visuals and then modify them as you would a chalk or dry-erase board. The advantage is that you can keep a digital record of what was written for future reference. However, as with other technology-based media, smartboards may be prone to unexpected technical problems, and they require training and practice to be used properly.

A flipchart is useful when you’re trying to convey change over a number of steps. For instance, you could use a prepared flipchart to show dramatic population shifts on maps. In such a case, you should prepare highly visible, identical maps on three of the pages so that only the data will change from page to page. Each page should be neatly titled, and you should actively point out the areas of change on each page. You could also use a flip chart to show stages in the growth and development of the malaria-bearing mosquito. Again, you should label each page, making an effort to give the pages a consistent look.

Organize your flip chart in such a way that you flip pages in one direction only, front to back. It will be difficult to flip large pages without damaging them, and if you also have to “back up” and “skip forward,” your presentation will look awkward and disorganized.

Additionally, most flip charts need to be propped up on an easel of some sort. If you arrive for your speech only to find that the easel in the classroom has disappeared, you will need to rig up another system that allows you to flip the pages.

Foam Board or Poster Board

Foam board consists of a thin sheet of Styrofoam with heavy paper bonded to both surfaces. It is a lightweight, inexpensive foundation for information, and it will stand on its own when placed in an easel without curling under at the bottom edge. Poster board tends to be cheaper than foam board, but it is flimsier, more vulnerable to damage, and can’t stand on its own.

If you plan to paste labels or paragraphs of text to foam or poster board, for a professional look you should make sure the color of the poster board matches the color of the paper you will paste on. You will also want to choose a color that allows for easy visual contrast so your audience can see it, and it must be a color that’s appropriate for the topic. For instance, hot pink would be the wrong color on a poster for a speech about the Protestant Reformation.

Avoid producing a presentation aid that looks like you simply cut pictures out of magazines and pasted them on. Slapping some text and images on a board looks unprofessional and will not be viewed as credible or effective. Instead, when creating a poster you need to take the time to think about how you are going to lay out your aid and make it look professional. You do not have to spend lots of money to make a very sleek and professional-looking poster.

Some schools also have access to expensive, full-color poster printers where you can create a large poster for pasting on a foam board. In the real world of public speaking, most speakers rely on the creation of professional posters using a full-color poster printer. Typically, posters are sketched out and then designed on a computer using a program like Microsoft PowerPoint or Publisher (these both have the option of selecting the size of the printed area).

Handouts are appropriate for delivering information that audience members can take away with them. As we will see, handouts require a great deal of management if they are to contribute to your credibility as a speaker.

First, make sure to bring enough copies of the handout for each audience member to get one. Having to share or look on with one’s neighbor does not contribute to a professional image. Under no circumstances should you ever provide a single copy of a handout to pass around. There are several reasons this is a bad idea. You will have no control over the speed at which it circulates or the direction it goes. Moreover, only one listener will be holding it while you’re making your point about it and by the time most people see it, they will have forgotten why they need to see it. In some case, it might not even reach everybody by the end of your speech. Finally, listeners could still be passing your handout around during the next speaker’s speech.

There are three possible times to distribute handouts: before you begin your speech, during the speech, and after your speech is over. Naturally, if you need your listeners to follow along in a handout, you will need to distribute it before your speech begins. If you have access to the room ahead of time, place a copy of the handout on each seat in the audience. If not, ask a volunteer to distribute them as quickly as possible while you prepare to begin speaking. If the handout is a “takeaway,” leave it on a table near the door so that those audience members who are interested can take one on their way out. In this case, don’t forget to tell them to do so as you conclude your speech. It is almost never appropriate to distribute handouts during your speech, as it is distracting and interrupts the pace of your presentation.

Like other presentation aids, handouts should include only the necessary information to support your points, and that information should be organized in such a way that listeners will be able to understand it. For example, in a speech about how new health care legislation will affect small business owners in your state, a good handout might summarize key effects of the legislation and include the names of state agencies with their web addresses where audience members can request more detailed information.

If your handout is designed for your audience to follow along, you should tell them to do so. State that you will be referring to specific information during the speech. Then, as you’re presenting your speech, ask your audience to look, for example, at the second line in the first cluster of information. Read that line out loud and then go on to explain its meaning.

As with any presentation aid, handouts are not a substitute for a well-prepared speech. Ask yourself what information your audience needs to be able to take with them, and how it can be presented on the page in the most useful and engaging way possible.

Types of Low Tech Media

  • Foam board or poster board

Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids

As we’ve seen earlier in this chapter, impressive presentation aids do not take the place of a well-prepared speech. Although your presentation aids should be able to stand on their own in delivering information, do not count on them to do so. Work toward that goal, but also plan on explaining your presentation aids so that your audience will know why you’re using them.

One mistake you should avoid is putting too much information on an aid. You have to narrow down the topic of your speech, and likewise, you must narrow down the content of your presentation aids to match your speech. Your presentation aids should not represent every idea in your speech. Whatever presentation aids you choose to use, they should fulfill one or more of the functions described at the beginning of this chapter: to clarify or emphasize a point, to enhance retention and recall of your message, to add variety and interest to your speech, and to enhance your credibility as a speaker.

As a practical matter regarding producing presentation aids, you may not be aware that many college campuses have a copy service or multimedia lab available to students for making copies, enlargements, slides, and other presentation aids. Find out from your instructor or a librarian what the resources on your campus are. In the rest of this section, we will offer some tips for designing good-quality presentation aids.

Easily Seen or Heard by Your Audience

The first rule of presentation aids is that they must be accessible for every audience member. If those in the back of the room cannot see, hear, or otherwise experience a presentation aid, then it is counterproductive to use it. Graphic elements in your presentation aids must be large enough to read. Audio must be loud enough to hear. If you are passing out samples of a food item for audience members to taste, you must bring enough for everyone.

Do not attempt to show your audience a picture by holding up a book open to the page with the photograph. Nobody will be able to see it. It will be too small for your listeners in the back of the room, and the light will glare off of the glossy paper usually used in books with color pictures so that the listeners in front won’t be able to see it either.

Text-based visuals, charts, and graphs need to be executed with strong, clean lines and blocks of color. Weak lines in a graph or illustration do not get stronger with magnification. You must either strengthen those lines by hand or choose another graphic element that has stronger lines. On a poster or a slide, a graphic element should take up about a third of the area. This leaves room for a small amount of text, rendered in a large, simple font. The textual elements should be located closest to the part of your graphic element.

Carefully limit the amount of text on a presentation aid. If a great deal of text is absolutely necessary, try to divide it between two slides or posters. Many students believe that even small text will magnify amply when it’s projected, but we find that this is rarely the case. We can’t recommend a specific point size because that refers to the distance between the baselines of two lines of text, not to the size of the type itself.

We recommend two things: First, use a simple, easy-to-read font style. It doesn’t have to be utterly devoid of style, but it should be readable and not distracting. Second, we recommend that you print your text in three or four sizes on a sheet of paper. Place the printed sheet on the floor and stand up. When you look at your printed sheet, you should be able to make a choice based on which clusters of font you are able to read from that distance.

Easily Handled

You should be able to carry your presentation aids into the room by yourself. In addition, you should be skilled in using the equipment you will use to present them. Your presentation aids should not distract you from the delivery of your speech.

Aesthetically Pleasing

For our purposes, aesthetics refers to the beauty or good taste of a presentation aid. Earlier we mentioned the universal principles of good design: unity, emphasis or focal point, scale and proportion, balance, and rhythm. Because of wide differences in taste, not everyone will agree on what is aesthetically pleasing. You may be someone who does not think of yourself as having much artistic talent. Still, if you keep these principles in mind, they will help you to create attractive, professional-looking visuals.

Aesthetics refers to the beauty or good taste of a presentation aid.

The other aesthetic principle to keep in mind is that your presentation aids are intended to support your speech, not the other way around. The decisions you make in designing your visuals should be dictated by the content of your speech. If you use color, use it for a clear reason. If you use a border, keep it simple. Whatever you do, make certain that your presentation aids will be perceived as carefully planned and executed elements of your speech.

Tips for Text Aids

Use text only when you must. For example, if you’re presenting an analysis of the First Amendment, it is permissible to display the text of the First Amendment, but not your entire analysis. The font must be big, simple, and bold. It needs white space around it to separate it from another graphic element or cluster of text that might be on the same presentation aid. When you display text, you should read it out loud before you go on to talk about it. That way, you won’t expect your listeners to read one thing while trying to listen to something else. However, under no circumstances should you merely read what’s on your text aids and consider that a speech.

Tips for Graphic Aids

If you create your graphic images, you will have control over their size and the visible strength of the lines. However, you might want to show your listeners an illustration that you can’t create yourself. For instance, you might want to display a photograph of a portion of the Dead Sea Scrolls. First, find a way to enlarge the photograph. Then, to show integrity, cite your source. You should cite your source with an added caption, and you should also cite the source out loud as you display the graphic, even if your photograph is considered to be in the public domain. The NASA photograph “Spaceship Earth” is such an example. Many people use it without citing the source, but citing the source boosts your credibility as a speaker, and we strongly recommend doing so.

Rules for Computer Presentations

Mark Stoner, a professor in the Department of Communication Studies at California State University, Sacramento, has written a useful assessment of the uses and abuses of PowerPoint. Stoner observes that

PowerPoint is a hybrid between the visual and the written. When we pay attention to the design of our writing—to whether we are putting key word at the beginning or end of a sentence, for instance—we are likely to communicate more effectively. In the same way, it makes sense to understand the impact that PowerPoint’s design has on our ability to communicate ideas to an audience (Stoner, 2007).

While this article is specifically about PowerPoint, Stoner’s advice works for all presentation software formats. Presentation aids should deliver information that is important or is difficult to present with spoken words only. Although many speakers attempt to put their entire speech on PowerPoint slides or other visual aids, this is a bad idea for several reasons. First, if you try to put your entire speech on PowerPoint, you will lose contact with your audience. Speakers often end up looking at the projected words or directly at the computer screen instead of at their audience. Second, your vocal delivery is likely to suffer, and you will end up giving a boring reading, not a dynamic speech. Third, you will lose credibility, as your listeners question how well you know your topic. Fourth, you are not using the presentation aids to clarify or emphasize your message, so all the information may come across as equally important.

No matter what presentation software package you decide to utilize, there are some general guidelines you’ll need to follow.

Watch Your Font

One of the biggest mistakes novice users of presentational software make is thinking that if you can read it on the screen, your audience will be able to read it in their seats. While this may be the case if you’re in a close, intimate conference room, most of us will be speaking in situations where audience members are fifteen feet away or more. Make sure each slide is legible from the back of the room where you will be speaking.

Don’t Write Everything Out

In addition to watching your font size, you also need to watch how you use words on the screen. Do not try to put too much information on a slide. Make sure that your slide has the appropriate information to support the point you are making and no more. We strongly recommend avoiding complete sentences on a slide unless you need to display a significant direct quotation.

Don’t Bow Down to the Software

Remember, presentation software is an aid, so it should aid and not hinder your presentation. We have seen too many students who only end up reading the slides right off the screen instead of using the slides to enhance their presentations. When you read your slides right off the projector screen, you’re stopping your eye contact. As a general word of advice, if you ever find yourself being forced to turn your back to the audience to read the screen, then you are not effectively using the technology. On the flip side, you also shouldn’t need to hide behind a computer monitor to see what’s being projected.

Slide Color

Color is very important and can definitely make an impact on an audience. However, don’t go overboard or decide to use unappealing combinations of color. For example, you should never use a light font color (like yellow) on a solid white background because it’s hard for the eye to read.

You should also realize that while colors may be rich and vibrant on your computer screen at home, they may be distorted by a different monitor. While we are in favor of experimenting with various color schemes, always check your presentation out on multiple computers to see if the slide color is being distorted in a way that makes it hard to read.

Slide Movement

Everyone who has had an opportunity to experiment with PowerPoint knows that animation in transitions between slides or even on a single slide can be fun, but often people do not realize that too much movement can distract audience members. While all presentation software packages offer you very cool slide movements and other bells and whistles, they are not always very helpful for your presentation. If you’re going to utilize slide transitions or word animation, stick to only one or two different types of transitions in your whole presentation. Furthermore, do not have more than one type of movement on a given slide. If you’re going to have all your text come from the right side of the screen in a bulleted list, make sure that all the items on the bulleted list come from the right side of the screen.

Practice, Practice, Practice

It is vital to practice using the technology. Nothing is worse than watching a speaker stand up and not know how to turn on the computer, access the software, or launch their presentation. When you use technology, audiences can quickly see if you know what you are doing, so don’t give them the opportunity to devalue your credibility because you can’t even get the show going.

Always Have a Backup Plan

Lastly, always have a backup plan. Unfortunately, things often go wrong. One of the parts of being a professional is keeping the speech moving in spite of unexpected problems. Decide in advance what you will do if things break down or disappear right when you need them. Don’t count on your instructor to solve such predicaments; it is your responsibility. If you take this responsibility seriously and checked the room where you will be presenting, you will have time to adapt. If the computer or audiovisual setup does not work on the first try, you will need time to troubleshoot and solve the problem. If an easel is missing, you will need time to experiment with using a lectern or a chair to support your flip chart. If you forgot to bring your violin for a speech about music—don’t laugh, this actually happened to a friend of ours!—you will need time to think through how to adapt your speech so that it will still be effective.

Association for Psychological Science. (2011, May 28). Miracle fruit and flavor: An experiment performed at APS 2010 [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/obsonline/miracle-fruit-and-flavor-an-experiment-performed-at-aps-2010.html

Lockard, J., & Sidowski, J. R. (1961). Learning in fourth and sixth graders as a function of sensory mode of stimulus presentation and overt or covert practice. Journal of Educational Psychology, 52 (5), 262–265. doi: 10.1037/h0043483

Stoner, M. (2007). Uncovering the powers within PowerPoint. Communication Currents , 2 (4). Retrieved from http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=819

United States Department of Labor. (1996). Presenting effective presentations with visual aids . Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov

Stand up, Speak out Copyright © 2017 by Josh Miller; Marnie Lawler-Mcdonough; Megan Orcholski; Kristin Woodward; Lisa Roth; and Emily Mueller is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Speechwriting

13 Presentation Aids

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words

In this chapter . . .

Most public speeches given today are supplemented by presentation aids. While these can be useful in providing a visual element and helping clarify speech, if used poorly they can be more distracting. In this chapter we cover both technological presentation aids such as slide shows as well as other less conventional methods.

When you perform a speech, your audience members will experience your presentation through all five of their senses: hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch. In some speaking situations, the speaker appeals only to the sense of hearing. But the speaking event can be greatly enriched by appeals to the other senses. This is the role of presentation aids.

Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: slideshows, pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech excerpts, and sound effects. A speaker may also use fragrance samples or food samples as olfactory (sense of smell) or gustatory (sense of taste) aids. Finally, presentation aids can be three-dimensional objects, animals, and people.

When used correctly, presentation aids can significantly improve the quality of a speech performance.

Why Use Presentation Aids

Public speakers can deploy presentation aids for many useful reasons, including to highlight important points, clarify confusing details, amuse the audience, express emotions that are impossible to convey through words alone, and much more.

Presentation Aids Support Audience Understanding

As a speaker, your most basic goal is to help your audience understand your message. Presentation aids can reduce the possibility of misunderstanding. Presentation aids do this by clarifying or emphasizing what you are saying in your speech.

Clarification is important in a speech because if some of the information you convey is unclear, your listeners will come away puzzled or possibly even misled. Presentation aids can help clarify a message if the information is complex or if the point being made is a visual one.

Clarifying is especially important when a speaker wants to help audience members understand a visual concept. For example, if a speaker is talking about the importance of petroglyphs in Native American culture, just describing the petroglyphs won’t completely help your audience to visualize what they look like. Instead, showing an example of a petroglyph, as in Figure 1.1 (“Petroglyph”) can more easily help your audience form a clear mental image of your intended meaning.

Image of petroglyphs

Another way presentation aids improve understanding is through emphasis. When you use a presentational aid for emphasis, you impress your listeners with the importance of an idea. In a speech on rising levels of CO2, you might show a chart. When you use a chart like the one in Figure 1.2 (“Global CO2 Emissions”) you give a pictorial emphasis on the changes in levels of CO2.

Global CO2

Presentation Aids Help Retention and Recall

Presentation aids can also increase the audience’s chances of remembering your speech. An image can serve as a memory aid to your listeners. Moreover, people remember information that is presented in sequential steps more easily than if that information is presented in an unorganized pattern. When you use a presentation aid to display the organization of your speech (such as can be done with PowerPoint slides), you’ll help your listeners to observe, follow, and remember the sequence of information you conveyed to them. This is why some instructors display a lecture outline for their students to follow during class and why a slide with a preview of your main points can be helpful as you move into the body of your speech.

Another advantage of using presentation aids is that they can boost your memory while you’re speaking. Using your presentation aids while you rehearse your speech will familiarize you with the association between a given place in your speech and the presentation aid that accompanies that material.

Presentation Aids Add Variety and Interest

Furthermore, presentation aids simply make your speech more interesting. For example, wouldn’t a speech on varieties of roses have greater impact if you accompanied your remarks with a picture of each rose? Similarly, if you were speaking to a group of gourmet cooks about Indian spices, you might want to provide tiny samples of spices that they could smell and taste during your speech.

Presentation Aids Enhance a Speaker’s Credibility

Even if you give a good speech, you run the risk of appearing unprofessional if your presentation aids are poorly executed. Conversely, a high-quality presentation will contribute to your professional image. This means that in addition to containing important information, your presentation aids must be clear, uncluttered, organized, and large enough for the audience to see and interpret correctly. Misspellings and poorly designed presentation aids can damage your credibility as a speaker. If you focus your efforts on producing presentation aids that contribute effectively to your meaning, that look professional, and that are managed well, your audience will appreciate your efforts and pay close attention to your message.

Types of Presentation Aids

Slideshow: When we think of public speaking presentation aids, our thoughts go first to a slideshow. Slide presentation software is the most common tool used by speakers to accompany their speeches. The most well-known one is PowerPoint, although there are several others like Prezi and Keynote. A slideshow is a presentation aid that is made up of slides that typically contain words, images, or a combination of both.

Video: A speaker may wish to show the audience a clip of a video or other moving image in their speech. This can be played stand-alone or incorporated into a slideshow.

Music or Sound: Similarly, sound and music can be used as a presentation aid, recorded or live. Similarly, a sound recording could be played stand-alone or incorporated into a slideshow.

Physical Objects: A speaker may bring in a model, or other physical object, as an aid to presentation. For example, if you were doing a speech about the importance of emotional support animals, you might bring in a dog.

People: It is possible to use a person as a presentation aid, as in the case of demonstrations.

Other Aids: Other “low-tech” presentation aids include printed handouts, whiteboards, and flipcharts.

The sections that follow will discuss each of these types in more depth.

Designing Slideshows

In many industries and businesses, there is an assumption that speakers will use presentation slideshows. They allow visualization of concepts, they are easily portable, and they can be embedded with videos and audio. You’ll probably be expected to have slide presentations in future assignments in college. Knowing how to use them, beyond the basic technology, is vital to being a proficient presenter.

But when do presentation slides become less effective? We have all sat through a presenter who committed the common error of putting far too much text on the slide. When a speaker does this, the audience is confused—do they read the text or listen to the speaker? An audience member can’t do both. Then, the speaker feels the need to read the slides rather than use PowerPoint for what it does best, visual reinforcement and clarification.

We have also seen many poorly designed PowerPoint slides, either through haste or lack of knowledge: slides where the graphics are distorted (elongated or squatty), words and graphics not balanced, text too small, words printed over photographs, garish or nauseating colors, or animated figures left up on the screen for too long and distracting the audience.

There are principles you can follow to create slides and slideshows that are effective. In addition to the rules below, Microsoft offers tips on best practices for PowerPoint slides.

Unity and Consistency

Generally, it’s best to use a single font for the text on your visuals so that they look like a unified set. Or you can use two different fonts in consistent ways, such as having all headings and titles in the same font and all bullet points in the same font. Additionally, the background should remain consistent.

Each slide should have one message, often only one photo or graphic. The audience members should know what they are supposed to look at on the slide.

Another area related to unity and consistency is the use of animation or movement. There are three types of animation in slideshows:

  • little characters or icons that have movement. These may seem like fun, but they can be distracting.
  • movement of text or objects on and off the screen. Although using this function takes up time when preparing your slides, it’s very useful. You can control what your audience sees. It also avoids bringing up all the text and material on a slide at one time.
  • slide transitions, which is the design of how the next slide appears.

Emphasis, Focal Point, and Visibility

Several points should be made about how to make sure the audience sees what they need to see on the slides.

  •  make sure the information is large enough for the audience to see. Text being at least 22-point font is best for visibility.
  • the standard rule for amount of text is that you should have no more than seven horizontal lines of text and the longest line should not exceed seven words.
  • you should also avoid too many slides. Less sometimes really is more. Again, there is no fixed rule, but a ten-minute speech probably needs fewer than ten slides.
  • Good contrast between the text and background is extremely important. Sans serif fonts such as Arial, Tahoma, and Verdana are better for reading from screens than serif fonts such as Times New Roman, or Garamond.

Fonts, color, clip art, photographs, and templates all contribute to tone, which is the attitude being conveyed in the slides. If you want a light tone, such as for a speech about cruises, some colors (springtime, pastel, cool, warm, or primary colors) and fonts (such as Comic Sans) and lots of photographs will be more appropriate. For a speech about the Holocaust, more somber colors and design elements would be more fitting, whereas clip art would not be.

Scale and Proportion

Although there are several ways to think about scale and proportion, we will discuss two here.

First, bullet points. Bullet points infer that the items in the bulleted list are equal, and the sequence doesn’t matter. If you want to communicate order, sequence, or priority, then use numbers. Bullet points should be short—not long, full sentences—but at the same time should be long enough to mean something. In a speech on spaying and neutering pets, the bullet point “pain” may be better replaced with “Pet feels little pain.”

Second, when you’re designing your slides, it’s best to choose a template and stick with it. If you input all your graphics and material and then change the template, the format of the slide will change, in some cases dramatically, and you’ll have distorted graphics and words covered up. You’ll then have to redesign each slide, which can be unnecessarily time-consuming.

Suitable Visual Images

Often, a speaker alternates text slides with slides containing visual images. Sometimes, a slideshow is made up entirely of images. Let’s look at the kinds of images you might use in a slideshow.

Charts : A chart is commonly defined as a graphical representation of data (often numerical) or a sketch representing an ordered process. Whether you create your charts or do research to find charts that already exist, it’s important for them to exactly match the specific purpose in your speech. Three common types of charts are statistical charts , sequence-of-steps chart , and decision trees . Graphs : A graph is a pictorial representation of the relationships of quantitative data using dots, lines, bars, pie slices, and the like. Common graphs speakers utilize in their speeches include line graphs, bar graphs, pie graphs, and pictographs. Diagrams: Diagrams are drawings or sketches that outline and explain the parts of an object, process, or phenomenon that can’t be readily seen. Maps : Maps are extremely useful if the information is clear and limited. There are all kinds of maps, including population, weather, ocean current, political, and economic maps. Photographs: and/or Drawings : Sometimes a photograph or a drawing is the best way to show an unfamiliar but important detail. Audiences expect high quality photographs, and as with all presentation aids, they should enhance the speech.

Using Video and/or Audio Recordings

Another particularly useful type of presentation aid is a video or audio recording. Whether it’s a short video from a website such as YouTube or Vimeo, a segment from a song, or a piece of a podcast, a well-chosen video or audio recording may be a good choice to enhance your speech.

There is one major warning to using audio and video clips during a speech: don’t forget that they are supposed to be aids to your speech, not the speech itself. Be sure to avoid these five mistakes that speakers often make when using audio and video clips:

  • Avoid choosing clips that are too long for the overall length of the speech.
  • Practice with the audio or video equipment prior to speaking. Fiddling around will not only take your audience out of your speech but also have a negative impact on your credibility. Be sure that the speakers on the computer are on and at the right volume level.
  • Cue the clip to the appropriate place prior to beginning your speech.
  • In addition to cueing up clip to the appropriate place, the browser window should be open and ready to go.
  • The audience must be given context before a video or audio clip is played, specifically what the clip is and why it relates to the speech. At the same time, the video should not repeat what you have already said but add to it.

Objects or Models

Objects refer to anything you could hold up and talk about during your speech, as in Figure 1.3. If you’re talking about the importance of not using plastic water bottles, you might hold up a plastic water bottle and a stainless-steel water bottle as examples.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

We can often use ourselves or other people to adequately demonstrate an idea during our speeches. If your speech is about ballroom dancing or ballet, you might use your body to demonstrate the basic moves in the cha-cha or the five basic ballet positions.

In some cases, such as for a demonstration speech, you might want to ask someone else to serve as your presentation aid. You should arrange ahead of time for a person (or persons) to be an effective aid—don’t assume that an audience member will volunteer on the spot. The transaction between you and your human presentation aid must be appropriate, especially if you’re going to demonstrate something like a dance step. In short, make sure your helper will know what is expected of them and consents to it.

Other Types of Presentation Aids

Dry-erase board.

Numerous speakers utilize dry-erase boards effectively. Typically, these speakers use the dry-erase board for interactive components of a speech. For example, maybe you’re giving a speech in front of a group of executives. You may have a PowerPoint all prepared, but at various points in your speech you want to get your audience’s responses.

If you ever use a chalk or dry-erase board, follow these four simple rules:

  • Write large enough so that everyone in the room can see.
  • Print legibly; don’t write in cursive script.
  • Write short phrases; don’t take time to write complete sentences.
  • Be sure you have markers that will not go dry; clean the board afterward.

A flipchart is useful for situations when you want to save what you have written for future reference or to distribute to the audience after the presentation. As with whiteboards, you’ll need good markers and readable handwriting, as well as a strong easel to keep the flipchart upright.

Handouts are appropriate for delivering information that audience members can take away with them.

  • make sure the handout is worth the trouble of making, copying, and distributing it. Does the audience really need the handout?
  • make sure to bring enough copies of the handout for each audience member to get one.
  • Stay away from providing a single copy of a handout to pass around. It’s distracting and everyone will see it at different times in the speech, which is also true about passing any object around the room.
  • If you have access to the room ahead of time, place a copy of the handout at or on each seat in the audience. If the handout is a “takeaway,” leave it on a table near the door so that those audience members who are interested can take one on their way out.

How to Perform with Presentation Aids

Just as everything else in public speaking performance, it takes practice to effectively perform a speech while seamlessly incorporating presentation aids. Below are some tips and tricks for how to include presentation aids as part of a strong speech delivery.

Speaking with a Slide Presentation

The rhythm of your slide presentation should be reasonably consistent—you would not want to display a dozen different slides in the first minute of a five-minute presentation and then display only one slide per minute for the rest of the speech.

Whether using a remote “clicker” or the attached mouse, you should connect what is on the screen to what you’re talking about at the moment. Put reminders in your notes about when you need to change slides during your speech.

A basic presentation rule is to only show your visual aid when you’re talking about it and remove it when you no longer are talking about it. If you’re using PowerPoint and if you’re not talking about something on a slide, put a black slide between slides in the presentation so that you have a blank screen for parts of the speech.

Some other practical considerations are as follows:

  • Be sure the file is saved in a format that will be “readable” on the computer where you’re presenting.
  • Any borrowed graphic must be cited on the slide where it’s used; the same would be true of borrowed textual material. Putting your sources only on the last slide is insufficient.
  • A strong temptation for speakers is to look at the projected image rather than the audience during the speech. This practice cuts down on eye contact, of course, and is distracting for the audience. Two solutions for that are to print your notes from the presentation slides and/or use the slides as your note structure. Also remember that if the image is on the computer monitor in front of you, it’s on the screen behind you.
  • Always remember—and this can’t be emphasized enough—technology works for you, not you for the technology. The presentation aids are aids, not the speech itself.
  • As mentioned before, sometimes life happens—technology does not work. It could be that the projector bulb goes out or the Internet connection is down. The show must go on.
  • If you’re using a video or audio clip from an Internet source, it’s probably best to hyperlink the URL on one of the slides rather than minimize the program and change to the Internet site.
  • Finally, it’s common for speakers to think “the slide changes, so the audience know there is a change, so I don’t need a verbal transition.” Please don’t fall into this trap. Verbal transitions are just as, and maybe more, necessary for a speech using slides.
  • Do not obscure your visual aid– practice standing to the side of your aid when rehearsing.
  • Remember to keep eye contact with the audience, even when referring to a visual aid. Certainly, never turn your back on the audience!
  • Rehearse with your visual aids. You want to have transitions between showing and hiding visual aids to be seamless, with as little filler time or distractions as possible. Practice makes perfect in this regard.
  • As will be mentioned again below: simplicity is key. Avoid anything too distracting, too complicated, anything that will take a lot of time away from your speech content. You always want aids to supplement, not supplant, your speech content and delivery.

Avoiding Problems with Presentation Aids

Presentation aids can be tricky to use, as they can easily distract from the focus of your speech: the content and your delivery. One tip to keep in mind is to use only as many presentation aids as necessary to present your message or to fulfill your classroom assignment. The number and the technical sophistication of your presentation aids should never overshadow your speech.

Another important consideration is technology. Keep your presentation aids within the limits of the working technology available to you. As the speaker, you’re responsible for arranging the things you need to make your presentation aids work as intended. Test the computer and projector setup. Have your slides on a flash drive AND send it to yourself as an attachment or upload to a Cloud service. Have an alternative plan prepared in case there is some glitch that prevents your computer-based presentation aids from being usable. And of course, you must know how to use the technology.

More important than the method of delivery is the audience’s ability to see and understand the presentation aid. It must deliver clear information, and it must not distract from the message. Avoid overly elaborate or confusing presentation aids. Instead, simplify as much as possible, emphasizing the information you want your audience to understand. Remember the acronym KISS: Keep it Simple, Speaker!

Another thing to remember is that presentation aids don’t “speak for themselves.” When you display a visual aid, you should explain what it shows, pointing out and naming the most important features.

To finish this chapter, we will recap and remind you about the principles of effective presentation aids. Whether your aid is a slide show, object, a person, or dry erase board, these standards are essential:

  • Presentation aids must be easily seen or heard by your audience.
  • Presentation aids must be portable, easily handled, and efficient.
  • Presentation aids should disappear when not in use.
  • Presentation aids should be aesthetically pleasing, which includes in good taste. Avoid shock value just for shock value.

Media Attributions

  • Petroglyphs © Jim Bouldin is licensed under a CC BY-SA (Attribution ShareAlike) license
  • Rise in Global CO2 Emissions, 2022 © International Energy Agency is licensed under a CC BY (Attribution) license
  • Speech with Prop © Ralf Rebmann is licensed under a CC BY-SA (Attribution ShareAlike) license

Public Speaking as Performance Copyright © 2023 by Mechele Leon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

SketchBubble Official Blog

10 Presentation Aids to Use to Make Your Speech Stand Out

Ashish Arora

Do you remember every single piece of information about some topics that you were taught by your teacher during geography lectures? And if you do, what’s the reason that after so many years of completing education, some geography lessons are still inked in your mind? Perhaps your teacher had used some relevant teaching aids (such as globe, maps, etc.) to supplement verbal instructions. Well, visual aids are helpful not only in education but also in business presentations. 

Undoubtedly, a well-crafted speech is important to ace a presentation; visual aids are equally crucial to enhance the effectiveness of your message and make it easier to understand and memorable for the audience. Visual aids assist in quick information processing and retention by triggering the brain even if it is feeling fatigued.

Let’s discuss some visual aids that can help add more clarity, comprehension, and meaning to your presentations.

1. Chart and Graph

Chart Example

Chart and graph are the perfect visual aid to illustrate the relationships between variables, trends over time, comparisons, patterns between data points, the proportion of the whole part, etc. Using these visuals, you can represent data variables in the form of categories, percentages, and frequencies.

Expert Tips:

  • Don’t use flashy special effects; keep it simple.
  • Give the right title to your chart or graph to convey your message clearly.
  • Choose contrasting colors to highlight two data sets.
  • Avoid using 3D graphs as they are hard to read.
  • If you use different colors or shades to depict the different data sets or variables, make sure you provide an index to explain them.

2. Diagrams

Diagram Example

Diagrams are sketches or drawings that can be used in presentations to represent certain things that can’t be demonstrated through images and photographs. When you showcase data using tables, some facts are not revealed. Diagrams help bring out these facts and relations. Diagrams can also be used to explain the structure, functioning, and working processes.

There are different types of diagrams, such as flowchart, Venn diagram, mind map, funnel chart, journey map, etc.; it is important to choose the right one that can better resonate with your information. It is recommended to use a more professional version of the diagram designed with computer software.

Icons Example

As icons are self-explanatory visual elements, they make interaction faster and impactful without making the audience feel overloaded with text. Icons have a high symbolic value, and they enhance the aesthetics of the presentation, rendering it a unique visual appeal. Since icons have universal meaning, they are easily understandable regardless of language barriers.

  • Icons should be scalable for different screen sizes.
  • Don’t overload icons with non-essential graphic elements.
  • The icons should be relevant to the context you are going to represent and must match the tone and style of the brand.

Map Example

Maps depict a 2D model of the real world and are the best pick to portray sales territories, locations, business outlets, history, demographics, and geographical details of any specific region. You can also incorporate maps in your slides to represent the shortest route, connectivity of infrastructure across different regions, climatic conditions of different cities of a country, and much more. 

  • Use vector-based, editable maps in your presentations so that you can adapt them to your corporate design.
  • Use a color legend to illustrate data by country and region.
  • Combine maps with bar or pie charts to provide a clear overview of any discrepancies between regions.  
  • Supplement maps with icons to make information more meaningful.

You can take your presentations to the next level by incorporating videos in smarter ways. A well-thought-out video adds persuasion and personalization to the content, enlivens your slideshows, and captures the sensory memory of the audience. Moreover, videos break the monotony and allow the audience to relay the information and reconcentrate with full attentiveness. These visual aids also provide an emotional input to influence the actions, choices, and decisions of the viewers.

  • Don’t use video just for the sake of adding drama to your slideshows.
  • Avoid including video clips that are too long for the overall length of the presentation.
  • Use videos that complement your core message.
  • Don’t include complicated videos; a simple video with short animation can serve your purpose well.

You can’t brim your slides with too much content as it will ruin the effectiveness of the entire presentation. If you want to provide a detailed overview of the central insights, core concepts, and main points, you can distribute the handout at the commencement or end of the presentation. Handouts support and enhance your presentation and act as a memory aid and guide for the audience.

  • The handout is the concrete manifestation of your presentation, so it should follow the same structure as your slides. However, it should have additional information, not the exact printout of slides.
  • The handout must have a consistent feel and a professional look.
  • If you are using information from other sources, then include references in the handout to let the audience know where they can find more information about a particular point.
  • Provide contact details so that the audience can contact you at some time in the future.

Table Example

You can facelift your PowerPoint presentations and give them a more structured look by organizing quantitative data into rows and columns using a table. You can leverage this visual aid to represent data related to accounting audits, quarterly reviews, KPI comparisons, price lists, etc., and provide efficient and fast readability. In addition, tables ease the cognitive burdens of viewers and reduce the time required to extract the information. 

  • To make tables more creative, you can animate them, add icons, and beautify them with stunning colors.
  • To lay emphasis on any particular data series in the table, animate them one-by-one instead of all at one time.

8. Pictures and Images

If you are planning to talk about an unfamiliar but important topic in your brainstorming session, team meeting, or conference, you can make use of images or pictures to break incomprehensible information into digestible bits and add more clarity to your message. Further, you can add a personal touch to your presentations by including these aids.

These visual aids also help break the ice and get the undivided attention of the audience. The best part about pictures and images is; they quickly drive audience engagement and make an impactful connection with them irrespective of language barriers.

  • Use original images/pictures to increase the authenticity of your presentation.
  • Images used for the sake of filling empty spaces on slides may distract your audience. So, use images that are relevant to the context, amplify your message, and reflect your brand personality.
  • To avoid blurriness, incorporate high-definition images.

9. Flipchart and Whiteboard

flipchart and whiteboard

If you want to add some informality to your speaking session, making it more interactive at the same time, you can use a flipchart or whiteboard. Since these visual aids don’t require tech knowledge to use them, anyone can easily utilize them.

These aids are also very useful if your presentation involves brainstorming any specific point/idea with the audience. The flow of ideas occurs naturally when a group of people works together to create them. In such a case, you can jot them down quickly on the flipchart or whiteboard.

  • Write in larger fonts so that people sitting in the back can easily read the words you have written.
  • Use more saturated and darker pen colors to make information clearly readable.
  • Instead of writing in front, stand to the side of the board so that everyone can see the board while you are writing. 
  • Write short sentences.
  • Don’t write anything before the commencement of your speech; otherwise, the audience will get engaged in reading the content written on the board without paying attention to what you are saying.

10. Models and Props

Models and props are physical objects that you can hold in your hands while explaining a specific topic verbally. Nearly anything can be a prop: a water bottle, a globe, a model car, etc. These visual aids provide a multi-sensory experience and act as memorable and powerful metaphors.

  • Props and models must be relevant to the speech or presentation.
  • You can use these visual aids if the original object is too large to bring in and if you want to add more comprehension and clarity to your message/information.
  • Never leverage these aids as a way of avoiding interaction or eye contact with the audience. 

Visual aids , also known as sensory aids, help you shun rambling and stay on the topic and organize your speaking points. They also act as a savior if you get hit with a bout of fright on the stage. Indeed, presentation aids, if used thoughtfully, render clarity to your message, stimulate an emotional response in the audience, and empower the overall presentation; however, they are not a substitute for a poorly-crafted and unprepared speech . So, select visual aids astutely and use them only if you really need to explain a complex concept or fulfill a specific purpose related to the presentation, not just for the sake of using them. In a nutshell, the presentation aid must have high relevance to your content, and it must strongly support your talk.

Do you have more insights to share with us? Feel free to write to us in the “Comment” section. And if you find the blog post informative, do share it on your social media handles.

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Ashish Arora

Ashish Arora

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Home Blog Presentation Ideas Presentation Aids: A Guide for Better Slide Design

Presentation Aids: A Guide for Better Slide Design

Cover for Presentation Aids guide by SlideModel

During a speech or presentation, information is conveyed orally. When relying solely on spoken words, a speaker may confuse and make it difficult for listeners to remember key facts. Therefore, combining presentation aids with oral explanations can improve the audience’s understanding and help them retain the main points.

This article defines what presentation aids are, their uses, different types of presentation aids, and their advantages and disadvantages.

Table of Contents

What is a Presentation Aid?

Are presentation aids the same as visual aids.

  • Why Should we use Presentation Aids?

When Should Presentation Aids be Used When Delivering a Presentation?

Types of presentation aids, recommended ppt & google slides templates for presentation aids.

According to Leon, presentation aid refers to the tools and materials used by a speaker beyond spoken words to enhance the communicated message to the audience [1]. These tools comprise templates, multimedia, and visual elements to improve engagement and clarity. Presentation aids act as a bridge between the speaker and the audience, facilitating a presentation.

For instance, the strategic use of templates and multimedia elements can elevate a presentation from a mere speech to a compelling narrative. Integrating these aids is rooted in established practices, ensuring a comprehensive and impactful message delivery. The proper use of presentation aids can improve the quality of the presentation.

No, presentation aids differ from visual aids. Visual aid is also a type of presentation aid mainly used by speakers [1]. Examples of visual aids include images, tables, maps, charts, and graphs. In contrast, presentation aid is a broader category, including templates, 3D models, transitions, audio clips, and multimedia elements. The use of presentation aids goes beyond visuals, offering a diverse set of resources to enhance engagement and communication effectiveness [2].

Why Should we use Presentation Aids? 

Presentation Aids are used for specific purposes in a presentation. To enhance audience understanding and retention can be one of the primary purposes. In addition, presentation aids guide transitions so the audience may remain focused [1]. For instance, charts and maps allow speakers to communicate complex information quickly.

Weather dashboard presentation aid

Templates and multimedia elements advance the professionalism of a presentation. At the same time, using slideshows clarifies a presentation’s organization In short, a presentation aid ensures a lasting impact on the audience [3].

Presentation aids must be used when a speaker wants to emphasize critical points or evoke an emotional response from the audience. Integrate presentation aids when conveying a complex concept . The strategic use of presentation aids, in line with speech, complements spoken words without overshadowing them. Whether visualizing data or incorporating multimedia elements, presentation aids are most effective when seamlessly integrated into a presentation.

Therefore, presentation aids must be used when the speaker is presenting a specific idea relevant to an aid [4]. Consider a scenario where a speaker delivers a presentation on renewable energy sources. If one of the key points involves the efficiency of solar panels. He can use, for example, a graph or chart illustrating the comparative efficiency rates of various types of solar panels and contrast that with their average lifespan.

Comparison chart presentation aid

Some types of presentation aids can be used in various presentations to assist the speaker. Highlighted advantages and disadvantages of various presentation aids allow presenters to use these presentational aids best.

When considering visual aids for a presentation, one immediately thinks of a slideshow. Slide presentation software, such as PowerPoint, Prezi, and Google Slide, is commonly used by speakers. A slideshow consists of slides containing words, images, or a blend of both, serving as a primary presentation aid [1]. Slide and slide-show design has a greater impact on the effectiveness of conveying a message to the audience.

PowerPoint and similar slideware offer easily editable templates for a consistent slide show appearance. These PowerPoint templates provide a structured framework reorganizing the design process and ensuring a consistent visual identity. Templates are easy to use and helpful for a consistent slideshow.

Slide design presentation aid

When using slide templates, a presenter needs to place images or graphs according to the message, medium, and audience. Each slide reinforces the key message, so a conscious decision about each element and concept is essential [5].

Place one idea or concept per slide to keep it simple and understandable. Do not overcrowd it with images or text. However, slideshows limit the audience’s participation which may cause boredom or confusion among the audience. At the same time, the strict order of slides bounds the presenter. He won’t be able to explain the topic openly [6]. Therefore, a presenter should be aware of the background and needs of the audience. By blending different flexible techniques, a presenter can elaborate his slideware presentation.  

Charts and Graphs

Graphs and charts are essential for precise data visualization. They simplify complex information for clearer communication. In business presentations , where data-driven decisions are paramount, these visual aids offer advantages in conveying key insights concisely.

Graphs and charts extract complex numerical data into accessible formats and provide precision in representation. These are used to present trends, comparisons, and relationships, particularly in contexts requiring nuanced data analysis. Different charts have distinct purposes. Choosing the one that aligns with your data is essential to ensure clarity [3]. Pie charts, for instance, depict the relationship between parts and the whole. It is ideal to present up to eight visually distinct segments. A line graph effectively illustrates trends over time, while a bar chart facilitates direct comparisons between variables [3].

Donut chart presentation aid

When creating charts, use different colors and provide clear labels. Maintain consistency in both colors and data groupings. For clarity, refrain from using 3-D graphs and charts. Minimize background noise, such as lines and shading [7]. Ensure that all elements of your graph are distinguishable from the background color. Remove unnecessary clutter. Keep graphs straightforward. Prioritize clarity in conveying your message and visually emphasize the intended conclusion for the audience [7].

Using graphs and charts can be challenging regarding effectiveness and ethics. Therefore, a solid grasp of statistical concepts is essential, and the chosen graphs should clearly represent quantities [3].

Align visual presentation aids to the audience and topic for optimal impact. In business scenarios, the ability to convey data insights efficiently improves decision-making processes. Beyond representation, graphs, and charts enhance audience understanding [2]. Visual learners benefit from the graphical depiction of information. The choice of graph or chart type should align with the audience’s familiarity with the subject matter.

3D Modeling

3D modeling implies creating realistic or abstract representations of objects, fictional characters, environments, or concepts through digital tools [9]. 3D modeling enhances visualization, making complex concepts more accessible. It is mainly used in the Engineering and Architectural fields. It improves audience understanding and visual engagement. Presenters can use this technique to provide a clearer understanding of intricate details. It allows the audience to visualize the inner workings of machinery, architectural designs, or scientific processes [8]. The dynamic nature of three-dimensional visuals captures and sustains the audience’s attention. This engagement is particularly beneficial in holding the audience’s interest throughout the presentation and prevents attention fatigue. However, presenters should be cautious to avoid visual overload. Ensure that the 3D elements enhance rather than distract from the main message.

Creating a 3D model for a presentation requires basic skills and knowledge of 3D modeling techniques. It includes modeling, texturing, lighting, and rendering [9]. Modeling involves shaping and structuring 3D models. Texturing applies color, pattern, or material using images or shaders. Lighting incorporates light sources and shadows to build the desired mood or atmosphere. However, for basic 3D models, a presenter can use PowerPoint to create or access available designs from online sources.

3D model for explaining concepts as a presentation aid

Moreover, these models enhance communication by creating animations, simulations, or demonstrations for understanding a point or process. The versatility of 3D models allows for generating various views, angles, or perspectives of a subject, facilitating customization based on audience or purpose.

Maps are highly valuable to use when information is clear and concise [3]. Different types of maps include population, geographical, political, climate, and economic maps [3]. Therefore, select the one that aligns with the presentation. Choose a map that highlights the specific information the speaker intends to convey. If a speech necessitates geographic reference, a map is an effective tool [7].

Maps provide precise visual communication of geographical data and help convey spatial relationships effectively.

Perspective world map presentation aid

Maps communicate information with clarity [7]. They are used to present global market trends, regional analyses, or any scenario where location-based insights matter. For instance, a world map can highlight key regions of interest when presenting global market trends. It helps the audience grasp the distribution of market opportunities.

The visual appeal of maps enhances audience engagement, particularly when presenting data tied to specific locations [10]. For a marketing presentation , a map showcasing the distribution of target demographics can capture attention and reinforce the spatial context of the campaign.

However, overly complex maps can confuse the audience. Similarly, relying on maps for all data types can lead to oversimplification.

Dry-Erase Board

The Dry-Erase Board is useful for brainstorming and note-taking. It is one of the ideal presentation materials for spontaneous discussions and audience engagement. It allows the presenter to make live diagrams and emphasize key points. At the same time, it is cost-effective and user-friendly.

Suppose a presenter chooses a dry-erase board. He needs to ensure that the board is presentable, rehearsed, and clear [7]. There are a few rules to remember before using a Dry-Erase Board as a presentation aid [3].  First, ensure legible writing is large enough for everyone to see. Use clear printing instead of cursive script. Use short phrases rather than complete sentences. Avoid turning away from the audience while speaking. Use markers that are functional and clean the board afterward.

The drawback of the Dry-Erase Board is that it has limited visibility in large settings.  When using a Dry-Erase board, a presenter may seem less prepared.  However, many speakers effectively use these boards for interactive elements in their speeches [3]. It is great for dynamic presentations, but space and audience size should be considered.

Brochures and Handouts

Brochures and handouts are tangible takeaways for the audience. They enhance information retention and serve as lasting references [11]. These presentation materials are effective in educational presentations or seminars, offering supplementary details for in-depth understanding.

There are a few things to consider when distributing handouts to the audience [7]. Provide a handout for each audience member, avoiding the need for sharing. Never distribute a single copy to pass around, as it detracts from a professional image. Handouts should be distributed before, during, or after the presentation. If audience participation is required, distribute handouts before starting or have a volunteer distribute them. Include only essential information, organized for clarity. If the handout is meant for audience follow-along, inform them of this and mention specific references during the speech [7].

However, potential disadvantages include the timing of distribution. Handing out materials at the wrong moment can distract the audience.

Audio Clips

Using an audio clip in a presentation introduces an auditory dimension.  It evokes emotions and enhances the overall experience.

When using an audio clip, select a clip of appropriate length for your speech duration. Prior to speaking, familiarize yourself with audio or video equipment to avoid disruptions and maintain credibility. Ensure computer speakers are on and set to the right level of volume level [7].

However, potential disadvantages of audio include technical issues with sound playback. It requires presenters to ensure seamless integration. Besides, overuse of audio clips can also be overwhelming, requiring careful selection and timing.

Integrating prerecorded videos offers a dynamic means of presenting information, catering to visual learners, and capturing audience attention. Prepare short videos from platforms like YouTube or Vimeo, song segments, or podcasts before your speech [7]. Cue the clip to the right spot and ensure the browser window is open. Before playing the clip, Provide the audience with context about its relevance to the speech. Explain its connection and significance. Ensure the video enhances the message without duplicating information already conveyed [3].

A video demonstration of a complex process can significantly enhance understanding in a training session. However, presenters should be mindful of timing and integration to avoid disruptions. Technical issues during playback can also pose challenges. It requires thorough testing beforehand.

1. Price Corridor of the Target Mass Presentation Aid Template

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

For presenters looking to implement the Blue Ocean Strategy in their organization, this presentation aid material gives emphasis on the potential pricing tiers and the difficulty of adapting that solution. Ideal for sales teams looking to innovate their pricing strategy.

Use This Template

2. Innovation Strategy Diagram Presentation Aid Material Template

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Professionals seeking to introduce new strategy models can benefit from this highly visual strategy diagram template for PowerPoint & Google Slides. By using this matrix PPT slide, we can compare approaches and leverage them regarding the effort required for their implementation.

3. AIDAL Model Funnel Sales Presentation Aid

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Whether your project requires brand awareness analysis or the steps that lead to customer loyalty, this funnel diagram for PowerPoint & Google Slides based on the AIDAL model is the ideal resource for your presentation. We can go stage by stage on the customer buyer journey, expanding details on the horizontal timeline shown right next to it.

4. Opportunities Solution Tree Template Presentation Aid for Product Development

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Showcase your product discovery process by using our Opportunities Solution Tree PPT template. With this tree diagram presentation aid, we can easily arrange the customer pain points and streamline ideas that offer solutions to those emerging opportunities.

5. Business Brochure Aid for Presentation Handouts

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Say goodbye to boring presentation handouts with this business-tailored brochure template for PowerPoint and Google Slides. In a two-sided format, companies can add relevant information about their activities, value proposals, and contact data.

6. Atlanta City Map and City Skyline Illustration Aids for Presentations

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Among the multiple product offerings we have for map templates , we would like to highlight the particular style of this slide deck of Atlanta City. By accessing this product, you can get skyline silhouettes of Atlanta City, the Georgia State Capitol Building, maps in white and dark blue tones, bar charts, etc. They can be an ideal presentation aid example for users looking to deliver talks about local politics, new business venues, and more.

7. 3D Tetris Cube Visual Aid for a Presentation

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

How many times have you looked to create a 3D model to express an idea or concept made of different components? If so, this template ranks among the best examples of a visual aid. It’s almost instant to edit, as you just need to change the content in placeholder text areas and the colors, and that’s it.

8. Sprint Retrospective Presentation Aid Template for PowerPoint & Google Slides

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

This Sprint board template is the answer to the lack of clarity during sprint retrospective meetings. Scrum Masters can discuss in detail the aspects of the project covering what was considered a good job during the sprint, what was missing, what the team learned, and which are the new goals to achieve.

Turn your Agile presentations into powerful tools for action with this visual presentation aid!

[1] Leon, M., 2023. Presentation Aids. Public Speaking as Performance . https://opentext.ku.edu/publicspeakingperformance/chapter/presentation-aids/

[2] Shier, M. 2020. 11.3 Presentation Aids. Student Success . https://opentextbc.ca/studentsuccess/chapter/presentation-aids/

[3] Mapes, M. 2019. Presentation AIDS. Speak Out Call in Public Speaking as Advocacy. https://opentext.ku.edu/speakupcallin/chapter/chapter-10-presentation-aids/

[4] Functions of Presentation Aids. 2016. Public Speaking . https://open.lib.umn.edu/publicspeaking/chapter/15-1-functions-of-presentation-aids/#:~:text=Presentation%20aids%20can%20help%20clarify,process%20is%20a%20complex%20one .

[5] Gruber, K. 2022. Chapter Fourteen – Presentation Aids, Principles of Public Speaking . https://mtsu.pressbooks.pub/principlesofpublicspeaking/chapter/chapter-fourteen-presentation-aids/  

[6] Xingeng, D. and Jianxiang , L. 2012. Advantages and Disadvantages of PowerPoint in Lectures to ScienceStudents. I.J. Education and Management Engineering. MECS press. https://www.mecs-press.org/ijeme/ijeme-v2-n9/IJEME-V2-N9-10.pdf

[7] Goodman, Dr.L. and Amber Green, M.A. Presentation AIDS, Public Speaking . https://open.maricopa.edu/com225/chapter/need-presentation-aids/

[8] Vincenti, G. and Braman, J. 2011. Teaching through multi-user virtual environments: Applying dynamic elements to the modern classroom , Google Books. Available at: https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Teaching_through_Multi_User_Virtual_Envi/sekY2Iy5LdcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=3d%2Bmodelling%2Bas%2Ba%2Bpresentation%2Baid&pg=PA389&printsec=frontcover (Accessed: 27 November 2023).

[9] Mamgain, P., 2020. Autodesk 3ds Max 2020: A Detailed Guide to Modeling, Texturing, Lighting, and Rendering . Padexi Academy.

[10] 15.1 Functions of Presentation Aids. 2016.  Public Speaking. Available at: https://open.lib.umn.edu/publicspeaking/chapter/15-1-functions-of-presentation-aids/#:~:text=Presentation%20aids%20can%20help%20clarify,process%20is%20a%20complex%20one . 

[11] Chapter 15 Presentation AIDS: Design and Usage . ( https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_stand-up-speak-out-the-practice-and-ethics-of-public-speaking/s18-presentation-aids-design-and-u.html ). 

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eCore Public Speaking Textbook (COMM 1113)

  • Download PDF Prints
  • The Basics of Public Speaking
  • Listening in Public Speaking Settings
  • Ethics in Public Speaking
  • Unit 1 Glossary
  • Developing Topics for Your Speech
  • Organizing and Outlining
  • Introductions and Conclusions
  • Special Occasions
  • Unit 2 Glossary
  • Audience Analysis
  • Researching Your Speeches
  • Supporting Your Speech Ideas
  • Informative Speaking
  • Unit 3 Glossary
  • Persuasive Speaking
  • Logical Reasoning
  • Presentation Aids
  • Unit 4 Glossary
  • Attribution and References

What are Presentation Aids?

When you give a speech, you are presenting much more than just a collection of words and ideas. Because you are speaking “live and in person,” your audience members will experience your speech through all five of their senses: hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch. In some speaking situations, the speaker appeals only to the sense of hearing. They more or less ignore the other senses except to avoid visual distractions by dressing and presenting themselves in an appropriate manner. But the speaking event can be greatly enriched by appeals to the other senses. This is the role of presentation aids.

Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech excerpts, and sound effects. A speaker may also use fragrance samples or food samples as olfactory (sense of smell) or gustatory (sense of taste) aids. Finally, presentation aids can be three-dimensional objects, animals, and people; they can also change over a period of time, as in the case of a how-to demonstration.

As you can see, the range of possible presentation aids is almost unlimited. However, all presentation aids have one thing in common: To be effective, each presentation aid a speaker uses must be a direct, uncluttered example of a specific element of the speech. It is understandable that someone presenting a speech about Abraham Lincoln might want to include a photograph of him, but because everyone already knows what Lincoln looked like, the picture would not contribute much to the message unless, perhaps, the message was specifically about the changes in Lincoln’s appearance during his time in office.

Other visual artifacts are more likely to deliver information more directly relevant to the speech—a diagram of the interior of Ford’s Theater where Lincoln was assassinated, a facsimile of the messy and much-edited Gettysburg Address, or a photograph of the Lincoln family, for example. The key is that each presentation aid must directly express an idea in your speech.

Moreover, presentation aids must be used at the time when you are presenting the specific ideas related to the aid. For example, if you are speaking about coral reefs and one of your supporting points is about the location of the world’s major reefs, it would make sense to display a map of these reefs while you’re talking about location. If you display it while you are explaining what coral actually is, or describing the kinds of fish that feed on a reef, the map will not serve as a useful visual aid—in fact, it’s likely to be a distraction.

To be effective, presentation aids must also be easy to use and easy for the listeners to see and understand. In this chapter, we will present some principles and strategies to help you incorporate effective presentation aids into your speech. We will begin by discussing the functions that good presentation aids fulfill. Next, we will explore some of the many types of presentation aids and how best to design and utilize them. We will also describe various media that can be used for presentation aids. We will conclude with tips for successful preparation and use of presentation aids in a speech.

Functions of Presentation Aids

Why should you use presentation aids? If you have prepared and rehearsed your speech adequately, shouldn’t a good speech with a good delivery be enough to stand on its own? While it is true that impressive presentation aids will not rescue a poor speech, a good speech can often be made even better by the strategic use of presentation aids. Presentation aids can fulfill several functions: they can serve to improve your audience’s understanding of the information you are conveying, enhance audience memory and retention of the message, add variety and interest to your speech, and enhance your credibility as a speaker. Let’s examine each of these functions.

Improving Audience Understanding

Human communication is a complex process that often leads to misunderstandings. If you are like most people, you can easily remember incidents when you misunderstood a message or when someone else misunderstood what you said to them. Misunderstandings happen in public speaking just as they do in everyday conversations.

One reason for misunderstandings is the fact that perception and interpretation are highly complex individual processes. Most of us have seen the image in which, depending on your perception, you see either the outline of a vase or the facial profiles of two people facing each other. Or perhaps you have seen the image of the woman who may or may not be young, depending on your frame of reference at the time. This shows how interpretations can differ, and it means that your presentations must be based on careful thought and preparation to maximize the likelihood that your listeners will understand your presentations as you intend them to do so. (You can see these images at http://members.optusnet.com. au/~charles57/Creative/Drawing/vases.htm and https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=P9iv173VtGM.)

As a speaker, one of your basic goals is to help your audience understand your message. To reduce misunderstanding, presentation aids can be used to clarify or to emphasize.

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Clarification is important in a speech because if some of the information you convey is unclear, your listeners will come away puzzled or possibly even misled. Presentation aids can help clarify a message if the information is complex or if the point being made is a visual one.

If your speech is about the impact of the Coriolis Effect on tropical storms, for instance, you will have great difficulty clarifying it without a diagram because the process is a complex one. The diagram in Figure 9.1 (“Coriolis Effect”) would be effective because it shows the audience the interaction between equatorial wind patterns and wind patterns moving in other directions. The diagram allows the audience to process the information in two ways: through your verbal explanation and through the visual elements of the diagram. By the way, the Coriolis Effect is defined as “an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation. On the earth, the effect tends to deflect moving objects to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern and is important in the formation of cyclonic weather systems.” You can see why a picture really helps with this definition.

Figure 9.2 (“Model of Communication”) is another example of a diagram that maps out the process of human communication. In this image you clearly have a speaker and an audience with the labels of source, channel, message, receivers, and feedback to illustrate a basic model of human communication. As with most models, it is simplified. (Can you remember what two components of the communication process, explained in Chapter 1, that are missing here?)

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Another aspect of clarifying occurs when a speaker wants to help audience members understand a visual concept. For example, if a speaker is talking about the importance of petroglyphs in Native American culture, just describing the petroglyphs won’t completely help your audience to visualize what they look like. Instead, showing an example of a petroglyph, as in Figure 9.3 (“Petroglyph”) can more easily help your audience form a clear mental image of your intended meaning.

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Emphasizing

When you use a presentational aid for emphasis, you impress your listeners with the importance of an idea. In a speech on water conservation, you might try to show the environmental proportions of the resource. When you use a conceptual drawing like the one in Figure 9.4 (“Planetary Water Supply”), you show that if the world water supply were equal to ten gallons, only ten drops would be available and drinkable for human or household consumption. This drawing is effective because it emphasizes the scarcity of useful water and thus draws attention to this important information in your speech.

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Another way of emphasizing that can be done visually is to zoom in on a specific aspect of interest within your speech. In Figure 9.5 (“Chinese Lettering Amplified”), we see a visual aid used in a speech on the importance of various parts of Chinese characters. On the left side of the visual aid, we see how the characters all fit together, with an emphasized version of a single character on the right.

So, clarifying and emphasizing are two roles that support the “Improving Audience Understanding” purpose of presentation aids. What are other purposes?

Aiding Retention and Recall

The second function that presentation aids can serve is to increase the audience’s chances of remembering your speech. An article by the U.S. Department of Labor (1996) summarized research on how people learn and remember. The authors found that “83% of human learning occurs visually, and the remaining 17% through the other senses—11% through hearing, 3.5% through smell, 1% through taste, and 1.5% through touch.”

For this reason, exposure to an image can serve as a memory aid to your listeners. When your graphic images deliver information effectively and when your listeners understand them clearly, audience members are likely to remember your message long after your speech is over. Moreover, people often are able to remember information that is presented in sequential steps more easily than if that information is presented in an unorganized pattern. When you use a presentation aid to display the organization of your speech (such as can be done with PowerPoint slides), you will help your listeners to observe, follow, and remember the sequence of information you conveyed to them. This is why some instructors display a lecture outline for their students to follow during class and why a slide with a preview of your main points can be helpful as you move into the body of your speech.

An added plus of using presentation aids is that they can boost your memory while you are speaking. Using your presentation aids while you rehearse your speech will familiarize you with the association between a given place in your speech and the presentation aid that accompanies that material.

Adding Variety and Interest

A third function of presentation aids is simply to make your speech more interesting. For example, wouldn’t a speech on varieties of roses have greater impact if you accompanied your remarks with a picture of each rose? You can imagine that your audience would be even more enthralled if you had the ability to display an actual flower of each variety in a bud vase. Similarly, if you were speaking to a group of gourmet cooks about Indian spices, you might want to provide tiny samples of spices that they could smell and taste during your speech.

Enhancing a Speaker’s Credibility

Presentation aids alone will not be enough to create a professional image. As we mentioned earlier, impressive presentation aids will not rescue a poor speech. Even if you give a good speech, you run the risk of appearing unprofessional if your presentation aids are poorly executed. Conversely, a high quality presentation will contribute to your professional image. This means that in addition to containing important information, your presentation aids must be clear, clean, uncluttered, organized, and large enough for the audience to see and interpret correctly. Misspellings and poorly designed presentation aids can damage your credibility as a speaker.

In addition, make sure that you give proper credit to the source of any presentation aids that you take from other sources. Using a statistical chart or a map without proper credit will detract from your credibility, just as using a quotation in your speech without credit would. This situation will usually take place with digital aids such as PowerPoint slides. The source of a chart or the data shown in a chart form should be cited at the bottom the slide.

If you focus your efforts on producing presentation aids that contribute effectively to your meaning, that look professional, and that are handled well, your audience will most likely appreciate your efforts and pay close attention to your message. That attention will help them learn or understand your topic in a new way and will thus help the audience see you as a knowledgeable, competent, and credible speaker. With the prevalence of digital communication, the audience expectation of quality visual aids has increased.

Avoiding Problems with Presentation Aids

Using presentation aids can come with some risks. However, with a little forethought and adequate practice, you can choose presentation aids that enhance your message and boost your professional appearance in front of an audience. One principle to keep in mind is to use only as many presentation aids as necessary to present your message or to fulfill your classroom assignment. The number and the technical sophistication of your presentation aids should never overshadow your speech.

Another important consideration is technology. Keep your presentation aids within the limits of the working technology available to you. Whether or not your classroom technology works on the day of your speech, you will still have to present. What will you do if the computer file containing your slides is corrupted? What will you do if the easel is broken? What if you had counted on stacking your visuals on a table that disappears right when you need it? Or the Internet connection is down for a YouTube video you plan to show?

You must be prepared to adapt to an uncomfortable and scary situation. This is why we urge students to go to the classroom well ahead of time to test the equipment and ascertain the condition of items they’re planning to use. As the speaker, you are responsible for arranging the things you need to make your presentation aids work as intended. Carry a roll of masking tape so you can display your poster even if the easel is gone. Test the computer setup. Have your slides on a flash drive AND send it to yourself as an attachment or upload to a Cloud service. Have an alternative plan prepared in case there is some glitch that prevents your computer-based presentation aids from being usable. And of course, you must know how to use the technology.

More important than the method of delivery is the audience’s ability to see and understand the presentation aid. It must deliver clear information, and it must not distract from the message. Avoid overly elaborate presentation aids. Instead, simplify as much as possible, emphasizing the information you want your audience to understand.

Another thing to remember is that presentation aids do not “speak for themselves.” When you display a visual aid, you should explain what it shows, pointing out and naming the most important features. If you use an audio aid such as a musical excerpt, you need to tell your audience what to listen for. Similarly, if you use a video clip, it is up to you as the speaker to point out the characteristics in the video that support the point you are making—but probably beforehand, so you are not speaking over the video. At the same time, a visual aid should be quickly accessible to the audience. This is where simplicity comes in. Just as in organization of a speech you would not want to use 20 main points, but more like 3-5, you should limit categories of information on a visual aid.

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Types of Presentation Aids

Now that we’ve explored some basic hints for preparing visual aids, let’s look at the most common types of visual aids: charts, graphs, representations, objects/models, and people.

A chart is commonly defined as a graphical representation of data (often numerical) or a sketch representing an ordered process. Whether you create your charts or do research to find charts that already exist, it is important for them to exactly match the specific purpose in your speech. Figure 9.6 (“Acupuncture Charts”) shows two charts related to acupuncture. Although both charts are good, they are not equal. One chart might be useful in a speech about the history and development of acupuncture while the other chart would be more useful for showing the locations of meridians (the lines along which energy flows) and the acupuncture points.

The rest of this section will explore three common types of charts: statistical charts, sequence-of-steps chart, and decision trees.

Statistical Charts

For most audiences, statistical presentations must be kept as simple as possible, and they must be explained. The statistical chart shown in Figure 9.7 (“Birth Weight Chi-Square”) is from a study examining the effects of maternal smoking on a range of congenital birth defects. Unless you are familiar with statistics, this chart may be very confusing. When visually displaying information from a quantitative study, you need to make sure that you understand the material and can successfully and simply explain how one should interpret the data. If you are unsure about the data yourself, then you should probably not use this type of information. This is definitely an example of a visual aid that, although it delivers a limited kind of information, does not speak for itself. On the other hand, if you are presenting to an upper level or graduate class in health sciences or to professionals in health occupations, this chart would be appropriate. As with all other principles of public speaking, KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE.

Sequence-of-Steps Charts

Charts are also useful when you are trying to explain a process that involves several steps. The two visual aids in Figure 9.8 (“Steps in Cell Reproduction”) both depict the process of cell division called mitosis using a sequence-of-steps chart, but they each deliver different information. The first chart lacks labels to indicate the different phases of cell division. Although the first chart has more visual detail and may look more scientific, the missing information may confuse your audience. In the second chart, each phase is labeled with a brief explanation of what is happening, which can help your audience understand the process.

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Decision Trees

Decision trees are useful for showing the relationships between ideas. The example in Figure 9.9 (“Open Educational Resource Decision Tree”) shows how a decision tree could be used to determine whether to use open-source textbook material. As with the other types of charts, you want to be sure that the information in the chart is relevant to the purpose of your speech and that each question and decision is clearly labeled. This particular tree is pertinent to this textbook, which is an open educational resource drawing from other open educational resources, and the decision tree shows some of the processes the authors went through to decide on the content of this text.

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Strictly speaking, a graph may be considered a type of chart, but graphs are so widely used that we will discuss them separately. A graph is a pictorial representation of the relationships of quantitative data using dots, lines, bars, pie slices, and the like. Graphs show how one factor (such as size, weight, number of items) varies in comparison to other items. Whereas a statistical chart may report the mean ages of individuals entering college, a graph would show how the mean age changes over time. A statistical chart may report the amount of computers sold in the United States, while a graph will use bars or lines to show their breakdown by operating systems such as Windows, Macintosh, and Linux.

Public speakers can show graphs using a range of different formats. Some of those formats are specialized for various professional fields. Very complex graphs often contain too much information that is not related to the purpose of a student’s speech. If the graph is cluttered, it becomes difficult to comprehend. In this section, we’re going to analyze the common graphs speakers utilize in their speeches: line graphs, bar graphs, pie graphs, and pictographs.

A line graph is designed to show trends over time. In Figure 9.10 (“Enron’s Stock Price”), we see a line graph depicting the fall of Enron’s stock price from August 2000 to January 2002. Notice that although it has some steep rises, the line has an overall downward trend clearly depicting the plummeting of Enron’s stock price. This is far more effective in showing the relationship of numbers than a chart (as in Figure 9.7) or reading the numbers aloud.

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Bar graphs are useful for showing the differences between quantities. They can be used for population demographics, fuel costs, math ability in different grades, and many other kinds of data. The graph in Figure 9.11 (“Suicide vs. Homicide”) is well designed. It is relatively simple and is carefully labeled, making it easy for the speaker to guide the audience through the recorded numbers of each type of death. The bar graph is designed to show the difference between rates of suicides and homicides across various age groups. When you look at the data, the first grouping clearly shows that eighteen- to twenty-four-year-olds are more likely to die because of a homicide than any of the other age groups.

The graph in Figure 9.12 (“Distribution of Income and Wealth in the United States”) is a complicated bar graph depicting the disparity between the so-called “haves” and the “have nots” within the United States. On the left hand side of the graph you can see that the Top 20% of people within the United States account for 84.7% of all of the wealth and 50.1% of all of the income. On the other hand, those in the bottom 40% account for only 0.2% of the wealth and 12.1% of the actual income.

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While the graph is very well designed, it presents a great deal of information. For example, it shows “wealth” and “income,” for several groups; however, these are related but different concepts. In a written publication, readers will have time to sit and analyze the graph, but in a speaking situation, audience members need to be able to understand the information in a graph very quickly. For that reason, this graph is probably not as effective for speeches as the one in Figure 9.11 (“Suicide vs. Homicide”).

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Pie graphs are usually depicted as circles and are designed to show proportional relationships within sets of data; in other words, they show parts of or percentages of a whole. They should be simplified as much as possible without eliminating important information. As with other graphs, the sections of the pie need to be plotted proportionally. In the pie graph shown in Figure 9.13 (“Causes of Concussions in Children”) we see a clear and proportional chart that has been color-coded. Color-coding is useful when it’s difficult to fit the explanations in the actual sections of the graph; in that case, you need to include a legend, or key, to indicate what the colors in the graph mean. In this graph, audience members can see very quickly that falls are the primary reason children receive concussions. However, the pie graph in Figure 9.14 (“World Populations”) is jumbled, illegible, confusing, and overwhelming in every way. The use of color coding doesn’t help. Overall, this graph simply contains too much information and is more likely to confuse an audience than help them understand something.

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Similar to bar graphs, pictographs use numbers and/or sizes of iconic symbols to dramatize differences in amounts. An example is found in Figure 9.15. Pictographs, although interesting, do not allow for depiction of specific statistical data. If you were trying to show the output of oil from various countries through oil wells, each oil well representing a ten million barrels a day, it might be hard for the audience to see the difference between a third of an oil well and a fourth of one, but that is a significant difference in amounts (3.3 million versus 2.5 million).

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Graphs can present challenges in being effective but also in being ethical. To be both ethical and effective, you need a good understanding of what statistics mean, and you need to create or use graphs that show amounts clearly. If you were showing GPAs of freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior students at your college, and the bottom number on the graph was 2.25 rather than 0.0, that would result in a visually bigger difference than what really exists (see Figure 9.16).

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Diagrams are drawings or sketches that outline and explain the parts of an object, process, or phenomenon that cannot be readily seen. Like graphs, diagrams can be considered a type of chart, as in the case of organizational charts and process-flow charts.

When you use a diagram, be sure to explain each part of the phenomenon, paying special attention to elements that are complicated or prone to misunderstanding. In the example shown in Figure 9.17 (“The Human Eye”), you might wish to highlight that the light stimulus is reversed when it is processed through the brain or that the optic nerve is not a single stalk as many people think.

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Maps are extremely useful if the information is clear and limited. There are all kinds of maps, including population, weather, ocean current, political, and economic maps, so you should find the right kind for the purpose of your speech. Choose a map that emphasizes the information you need to deliver. The map shown in Figure 9.18 (“African Map with Nigerian Emphasis”) is simple, showing clearly the geographic location of Nigeria. This can be extremely valuable for some audiences who might not be able to name and locate countries on the continent of Africa. The map also shows the relative size of Nigeria compared to its neighbors. Figure 9.19 (“Rhode Island Map”) is a map of the state of Rhode Island, and it emphasizes the complicated configuration of islands and waterways that characterize this state’s geography.

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Photographs and Drawings

Sometimes a photograph or a drawing is the best way to show an unfamiliar but important detail. Figure 9.20 (“Wigwam Photograph”) is a photograph of a wigwam, a dwelling used by Native Americans in the North East. Audiences expect high quality in photographs now, and as with all presentation aids they should enhance the speech and not just “be there.” It is common to put stock photographs on PowerPoint slides as “clip art,” but they should be relevant and not detract from the message of the slide.

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Video or Audio Recordings

Another very useful type of presentation aid is a video or audio recording. Whether it is a short video from a website such as YouTube or Vimeo, a segment from a song, or a piece of a podcast, a well-chosen video or audio recording may be a good choice to enhance your speech. Imagine, for example, that you’re giving a speech on how Lap-Band surgeries help people lose weight. One of the sections of your speech could explain how the Lap-Band works, so you could easily show a forty-three second video available on YouTube to demonstrate the part of the surgery. Maybe you could include a recording of a real patient explaining why they decided to get the Lap-Band.

There is one major warning to using audio and video clips during a speech: do not forget that they are supposed to be aids to your speech, not the speech itself. In addition, be sure to avoid these five mistakes that speakers often make when using audio and video clips:

  • Avoid choosing clips that are too long for the overall length of the speech. Your instructor can give you some guidelines for how long video and audio clips should be for the speeches in your class, if they are allowed (and make sure they are).
  • Practice with the audio or video equipment prior to speaking. If you are unfamiliar with the equipment, you’ll look foolish trying to figure out how it works. This fiddling around will not only take your audience out of your speech but also have a negative impact on your credibility. It also wastes valuable time. Finally, be sure that the speakers on the computer are on and at the right volume level.
  • Cue the clip to the appropriate place prior to beginning your speech. We cannot tell you the number of times we’ve seen students spend valuable speech time trying to find a clip on YouTube or a DVD. You need to make sure your clip is ready to go before you start speaking. Later in this chapter we will look at using video links in slides.
  • In addition to cuing the clip to the appropriate place, the browser window should be open and ready to go. If there are advertisements before the video, be sure to have the video cued to play after the ad. The audience should not have to sit through a commercial. There is a website called TubeChop that can allow you to cut a segment out of a YouTube video, then creating a new link. It has limitations but can be useful.
  • The audience must be given context before a video or audio clip is played, specifically what the clip is and why it relates to the speech. At the same time, the video should not repeat what you have already said, but add to it.

Objects or Models

Objects and models are another form of presentation aid that can be very helpful in getting your audience to understand your message. Objects refer to anything you could hold up and talk about during your speech. If you’re talking about the importance of not using plastic water bottles, you might hold up a plastic water bottle and a stainless steel water bottle as examples.

Models, on the other hand, are re-creations of physical objects that you cannot have readily available with you during a speech. If you’re giving a speech on heart murmurs, you may be able to show how heart murmurs work by holding up a model of the human heart. As will be discussed in the section on handouts below, a speaker should not pass an object or model around during a speech. It is highly distracting.

People and Animals

The next category of presentation aids are people and animals. We can often use ourselves or other people to adequately demonstrate an idea during our speeches.

Animals as Presentation Aids

When giving a speech on a topic relating to animals, it is often tempting to bring an animal to serve as your presentation aid. While this can sometimes add a very engaging dimension to the speech, it carries some serious risks that you need to consider.

The first risk is that animal behavior tends to be unpredictable. You may think this won’t be a problem if your presentation aid animal is small enough to be kept confined throughout your speech—for example, a goldfish in a bowl or a lizard or bird in a cage. However, even caged animals can be very distracting to your audience if they run about, chirp, or exhibit other agitated behavior. The chances are great that an animal will react to the stress of an unfamiliar situation by displaying behavior that does not contribute positively to your speech or to the cleanliness of the physical environment. Additionally, the animal’s behavior may not only affect audience attention during your speech, but potentially during your classmates’ speeches as well.

The second risk is that some audience members may respond negatively to a live animal. In addition to common fears and aversions to animals like snakes, spiders, and mice, many people have allergies to various animals. One of the authors had an experience where a student brought his six-foot yellow python to class for a speech. As a result, one of the other students refused to stay in the room because of her snake phobia (the instructor was not too comfortable either).

The third risk is that some locations may have regulations about bringing non-service animals onto the premises. If animals are allowed, the person bringing the animal may be required to bring a veterinary certificate or may be legally responsible for any damage caused by the animal.

For these reasons, before you decide to use an animal as a presentation aid, ask yourself if you could make your point equally well with a picture, model, diagram, or other representation of the animal in question.

Speaker as Presentation Aid

Speakers can often use their own bodies to demonstrate facets of a speech. If your speech is about ballroom dancing or ballet, you might use your body to demonstrate the basic moves in the cha-cha or the five basic ballet positions.

Other People as Presentation Aids

In some cases, such as for a demonstration speech, you might want to ask someone else to serve as your presentation aid. You should arrange ahead of time for a person (or persons) to be an effective aid—do not assume that an audience member will volunteer on the spot. If you plan to demonstrate how to immobilize a broken bone, your volunteer must know ahead of time that you will touch them as much as necessary to splint the break.

You must also make certain that they will arrive dressed presentably and that they will not draw attention away from your message through their appearance or behavior. The transaction between you and your human presentation aid must be appropriate, especially if you are going to demonstrate something like a dance step. In short, make sure your helper will know what is expected of them and consents to it.

Using Presentation Slides

Ever since the 1990s and the mainstreaming of personal computer technology, speakers have had the option of using slide presentation software to accompany their speeches and presentations. The most commonly known one is PowerPoint, although there are several others:

  • Prezi, available at www.prezi.com
  • Slide Rocket, available at www.sliderocket.com
  • Google Slides, available in Google Drive and useful for collaborative assignments
  • Keynote, the Apple presentation slide software on MACs
  • Impress, an Open Office product (http://www.openoffice.org/product/impress.html)
  • AdobeAcrobat Presenter

These products, some of which are offered free for trial or basic subscriptions (called a “freemium), allow you to present professional-looking slides. Each one is “robust,” a word used to mean it has a large number of functions and features, some of which are helpful and some of which are distracting. For example, you can use the full range of fonts, although many of them are not appropriate for presentations because they are hard to read. In this section we will discuss the proper use of presentation slides, with the assumption that you understand the basics of cutting, pasting, inserting, etc. involved in these products. You may have taken a class in high school where you learned to use the technology, but that is not the same as learning to use them for actual presentations.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Presentation Slides

In some industries and businesses, there is an assumption that speakers will use presentation slides. They allow visualization of concepts, they are easily portable, they can be embedded with videos and audio, words can dance around the screen—why wouldn’t a speaker use them? You will probably also be expected to have slide presentations in future assignments in college. Knowing how to use them, beyond the basic technology, is vital to being a proficient presenter.

But why not use them? Franck Frommer, a French journalist and communication expert, published the book How PowerPoint Makes You Stupid (2012), whose title says it all. He criticizes the “linearity” of PowerPoint and similar presentation software, meaning that audiences are not encouraged to see the relationship of ideas and that PowerPoint hurts critical thinking in the audience. Slide follows slide of bulleted information without one slide being more important or the logical connections being clear.

As recently as the mid-2000s, critics such as well-known graphic expert and NASA consultant Edward Tufte (2005) charged that PowerPoint’s tendency to force the user to put a certain number of bullet points on each slide in a certain format was a serious threat to the accurate presentation of data. As Tufte put it, “the rigid slide-by-slide hierarchies, indifferent to content, slice and dice the evidence into arbitrary compartments, producing an anti-narrative with choppy continuity.”

Tufte argues that poor decision making, such as was involved with the 2003 space shuttle Columbia disaster, may have been related to the shortcomings of such presentation aids in NASA meetings. While more recent versions of PowerPoint and similar programs allow much more creative freedom in designing slides, this freedom comes with a responsibility—the user needs to take responsibility for using the technology to support the speech and not get carried away with the many special effects the software is capable of producing.

It should be mentioned here that Prezi helps address one of the major criticisms of PowerPoint. Because Prezi, in its design stage, looks something like a mind map on a very large canvas with grid lines, it allows you to show the relationship and hierarchy of ideas better. For example, you can see and design the slides so that the “Big Ideas” are in big circles and the subordinate ideas are in smaller ones.

In addition to recognizing the truth behind Frommer’s and Tufte’s critiques, we have all sat through a presenter who committed the errors of putting far too much text on the slide. When a speaker does this, the audience is confused—do they read the text or listen to the speaker? An audience member cannot do both . (Remember the pipeline graphic in the section on attention.) Then, the speaker feels the need to read the slides rather than use PowerPoint for what it does best, visual reinforcement and clarification. We have also seen many poorly designed PowerPoint slides, either through haste or lack of knowledge: slides where the graphics are distorted (elongated or squatty), words and graphics not balanced, text too small, words printed over photographs, garish or nauseating colors, or animated figures left up on the screen for too long and distracting the audience. What about you? Can you think about PowerPoint “don’ts” that have hurt your reception of a presentation or lecture? This would be a good discussion for class, and a good way to know what not to do with your own slides.

Creating Quality Slide Shows

Slides should show the principles of good design, which include unity, emphasis or focal point, scale and proportion, balance, and rhythm (Lauer & Pentak, 2000). Presenters should also pay attention to tone and usability. With those principles in mind, here are some tips for creating and then using presentation software.

Unity and Consistency

Generally it is best to use a single font for the text on your visuals so that they look like a unified set. Or you can use two different fonts in consistent ways, such as having all headings and titles in the same font and all bullet points in the same font. Additionally, the background should probably remain consistent, whether you choose one of the many design templates or if you just opt for a background color.

In terms of unity, the adage, “Keep It Simple, Speaker” definitely applies to presentation slides. Each slide should have one message, one photo, one graphic. The audience members should know what they are supposed to look at on the slide. A phrase to remember about presentation slides and the wide range of design elements available is “Just because you can, doesn’t mean you should.”

Another area related to unity and consistency, as well as audience response, is the use of animation or movement. There are three types of animation in slideshows. First, you can embed little characters or icons that have movement. These may seem like fun, but they have limited use and should not stay on the screen very long—you can use the second type of animation to take them off the screen.

That second type is the designed movement of text or objects on and off the screen. Although using this function takes up time in preparing your slides, especially if you want to do it well and be creative with it, it is very useful. You can control what your audience is seeing. It also avoids bringing up all the text and material on a slide at one time, which tempts the audience again to pay more attention to the screen than to you. Movement on the screen attracts attention (see Factors of Attention), for better or worse. PowerPoint, for example, allows bouncing words, pulsating text, swirling phrases, even Star Wars scroll, which may or may not serve your purpose.

The third type of animation is called slide transitions, which is the design of how the next slide appears. In PowerPoint you can have the slides appear automatically or as blinds, as little checkerboards, from different sides of the screen, in opening circles, etc. (You can also use sound effects, but that is strongly discouraged.) In Prezi, the slides transition by zooming in and out, which is a clever effect but does make some audience members experience motion sickness. In general, you want to use a consistent and efficient pattern of movement with the second and third types of animation.

Emphasis, Focal Point, and Visibility

Several points should be made about how to make sure the audience sees what they need to see on the slides.

1. It is essential to make sure the information is large enough for the audience to see; and since the display size may vary according to the projector you are using, this is another reason for practicing in advance with the equipment you intend to use.

2. The standard rule is for text is 7 X 7, or sometimes (if the screen is smaller) 6 X 6. Does this mean 49 or 36 words on the slide? No. It means, in the case of 7 X 7, that you should have no more than seven horizontal lines of text (this does not mean bullet points, but lines of text, including the heading) and the longest line should not exceed seven words.

3. Following the 7 X 7 rule will keep you from putting too much information on a slide, and you should also avoid too many slides. Less sometimes really is more. Again, there is no hard and fast rule, but a ten-minute speech probably needs fewer than ten slides, unless you can make a good argument for more based on the content of the speech. If, however, the slides are just text, more than ten is too many.

4. Do not assume that all the templates feature visible text. Text should not be smaller than 22 point font for best visibility, and some of the templates use much smaller fonts than 22 point. This is especially important in those situations where the speaker creates handouts. Text smaller than 22 is very difficult to see on handouts of your slides. (However, handouts are not recommended for most situations.)

5. High contrast between the text and slides is extremely important. 

White fonts against very dark backgrounds and black fonts against very light backgrounds are probably your safest bet here. Remember that the way it looks on your computer screen is not the exactly how it will look when projected—the light is coming from a different place. Avoid words on photos. Figure 9.21 shows a photo with the words placed across the center of the image. Not only does this obviously obscure some of the picture, it also makes the words difficult to read. Figure 9.22, by contrast, has the accompanying text placed just blow the image, making both much easier to see, and a citation is provided.

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6. Also in terms of visibility, most experts say that sans serif fonts such as Arial, Tahoma, and Verdana are better for reading from screens than serif fonts such as Times New Roman, Bookface, Georgia, or Garamond. Merriam-Webster (2018) defines “serif” as “any of the short lines stemming from and at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the strokes of a letter.” Serifs are additions to the letters on different fonts that give them a different appearance and help the flow of eye when reading.

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How does the slide in Figure 9.23 stack up beside these rules for visibility? You probably noticed that slide is a “fail” in terms of high contrast between the font and background and the use of a block of text not broken up for easy reading. The audience would feel like they are supposed to read it but not be able to. Also, since the text is a quotation from John Dewey, the text should have quotation marks around it.

Fonts, color, clip art, photographs, and templates all contribute to tone , which is the attitude being conveyed in the slides. If you want a light tone, such as for a speech about cruises, some colors (springtime, pastel, cool, warm, or primary colors) and fonts (such as Comic Sans) and lots of photographs will be more appropriate. For a speech about the Holocaust, more somber colors and design elements would be more fitting, whereas clip art would not be.

Scale and Proportion

Although there are several ways to think about scale and proportion, we will discuss three here. First, bullet points. Bullet points infer that the items in the bulleted list are equal and the sequence doesn’t matter. If you want to communicate order or sequence or priority, use numbers. Do not mix outline points or numerical points with bullet points. Also, you should not put your outline (Roman numerals, etc.) on the slide.

Bullet points should be short—not long, full sentences—but at the same time should be long enough to mean something. In a speech on spaying and neutering pets, the bullet point “pain” may be better replaced with “Pet feels little pain.”

Second, when you are designing your slides, it is best to choose a template and stick with it. If you input all your graphics and material and then change the template, the format of the slide will change, in some cases dramatically, and you will have distorted graphics and words covered up. You will then have to redesign each slide, which can be unnecessarily time-consuming.

The third aspect of scale and proportion is the relationship between the graphics and text in terms of size. This aspect is discussed below in the next section on “Balance.” Also, a graphic should be surrounded by some empty space and not just take up the whole slide.

In general you want symmetrical slides. Below are four examples of slides that are unbalanced (Figures 9.24-9.27); the last one (Figure 9. 28) achieves a better symmetry and design.

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Rhythm in Presenting

The rhythm of your slide display should be reasonably consistent—you would not want to display a dozen different slides in the first minute of a five-minute presentation and then display only one slide per minute for the rest of the speech. Timing them so that the audience can actually take them in is important. Presenters often overdo the number of slides, thinking they will get a better grade, but too many slides just causes overkill.

If you can obtain a remote mouse to change slides, that can help you feel independent of the mouse attached to the computer. However, you have to practice with the remote “clicker.” But if you have to use the mouse to change slide, keep your hands off of it between clicks. We have seen students wiggle the little arrow all over the screen. It is extremely annoying.

Whether using a remote “clicker” or the attached mouse, you must attend to the connection between what is on the screen and what you are actually talking about at the moment. Put reminders in your notes about when you need to change slides during your speech.

For better or worse, we have become very screen-oriented in our communication, largely because screens change often and that changing teaches us to expect new stimuli, which we crave. If the screen is up but you are not talking about what is on the screen, it is very confusing to the audience.

If you are using PowerPoint and if you are not talking about something on a slide, hit the “B” key or the blank screen button on the remote mouse. This action will turn the screen to black. You can also hit the “W” key, which turns the screen to white, but that will make the audience think something is coming. Unfortunately, the downside of the “B” key action is that it will return you to the previous screen. To avoid this, some presenters put a black slide between slides in the presentation so that hitting the forward key gives the same effect, but hitting it again takes them to a new screen. (Other programs have similar functions; for example, if using Prezi, the “B” key also shows a black screen.)

In fact, a basic presentation rule is to only show your visual aid when you are talking about it, and remove it when you no longer are talking about it. Some other practical considerations are as follows:

1. Be sure the file is saved in a format that will be “readable” on the computer where you are presenting. A common example is that a Keynote presentation (Apple) does not open on all PCs. You can save Keynote as a .ppt file for use on a PC. Likewise, if you chose to use Prezi or other web-based presentation software, you will need a strong, reliable Internet connection to show the slides.

2. Any borrowed graphic must be cited on the slide where it is used; the same would be true of borrowed textual material. Putting your sources only on the last slide is insufficient.

3. A very strong temptation for speakers is to look at the projected image rather than the audience during the speech. This practice cuts down on eye contact, of course, and is distracting for the audience. Two solutions for that are to print your notes from the presentation slides and/or use the slides as your note structure. Also remember that if the image is on the computer monitor in front of you, it is on the screen behind you.

4. Always remember—and this cannot be emphasized enough—technology works for you, not you for the technology. The presentation aids are aids, not the speech itself.

5. As mentioned before, sometimes life happens—technology does not work. It could be that the projector bulb goes out or the Internet connection is down. The show must go on.

6. If you are using a video or audio clip from an Internet source, it is probably best to hyperlink the URL on one of the slides rather than minimize the program and change to the Internet site. You can do this by highlighting a key word on the slide, right clicking to find “hyperlink,” and then pasting the URL there. Although you can also embed video in a PowerPoint, it makes the file extremely large and that may cause problems of its own.

7. Finally, it is common for speakers to think “the slide changes, so the audience know there is a change, so I don’t need a verbal transition.” Please do not fall into this trap. Verbal transitions are just as, and maybe more, necessary for a speech using slides.

Low-Tech Presentation Aids

One reason for using digital media is that they can’t be prone to physical damage in the form of smudges, scratches, dents, and rips. Unlike posters and objects, presentation software can be kept professional looking if you have to carry them through a rainstorm or blizzard. However, there are times when it makes sense to use “low-tech” media for presentations. Here are some directions for those times.

Dry-Erase Board

If you use a chalkboard or dry-erase board, you are not using a prepared presentation aid. Your failure to prepare visuals ahead of time can be interpreted in several ways, mostly negative. If other speakers carefully design, produce, and use attractive visual aids, yours will stand out by contrast. You will be seen as the speaker who does not take the time to prepare even a simple aid. Do not use a chalkboard or dry-erase board and pretend it’s a prepared presentation aid.

However, numerous speakers do utilize chalk and dry-erase boards effectively. Typically, these speakers use the chalk or dry-erase board for interactive components of a speech. For example, maybe you’re giving a speech in front of a group of executives. You may have a PowerPoint all prepared, but at various points in your speech you want to get your audience’s responses. (More recent technologies, such as on iPads, allow you to do the interaction on the screen, but this would have to be supported by the environment.) Chalk or dry-erase boards are very useful when you want to visually show information that you are receiving from your audience. If you ever use a chalk or dry-erase board, follow these four simple rules:

1. Write large enough so that everyone in the room can see (which is harder than it sounds; it is also hard to write and talk at the same time!).

2. Print legibly; don’t write in cursive script.

3. Write short phrases; don’t take time to write complete sentences.

4. Be sure you have markers that will not go dry, and clean the board afterward.

A flipchart is useful for situations when you want to save what you have written for future reference or to distribute to the audience after the presentation. As with whiteboards, you will need good markers and readable handwriting, as well as a strong easel to keep the flipchart upright.

You may have the opportunity in your college years to attend or participate in a “poster session.” These are times during an academic conference where visitors can view a well-designed poster depicting a research project and discuss it one-on-one with the researcher. These kinds of posters are quite large and involve a great deal of work. They can be generated from PowerPoint but often require a special printer. Otherwise, posters are probably not the best way to approach presentation aids in a speech. There are problems with visibility as well as portability. Avoid producing a presentation aid that looks like you simply cut pictures out of magazines and pasted them on. Slapping some text and images on a board looks unprofessional and will not be viewed as credible or effective.

Handouts are appropriate for delivering information that audience members can take away with them. As we will see, handouts require a great deal of management if they are to contribute to your credibility as a speaker.

First, make sure the handout is worth the trouble of making, copying, and distributing it. Does the audience really need the handout? Second, make sure to bring enough copies of the handout for each audience member to get one. Having to share or look on with one’s neighbor does not contribute to a professional image. Under no circumstances should you ever provide a single copy of a handout to pass around. It is distracting and everyone will see it at different times in the speech, which is also true about passing any object around the room.

There are three possible times to distribute handouts: before you begin your speech, during the speech, and after your speech is over. Naturally, if you need your listeners to follow along in a handout, you will need to distribute it before your speech begins. If you have access to the room ahead of time, place a copy of the handout at or on each seat in the audience. If not, ask a volunteer to distribute them as quickly as possible while you prepare to begin speaking. If the handout is a “takeaway,” leave it on a table near the door so that those audience members who are interested can take one on their way out; in this case, don’t forget to tell them to do so as you conclude your speech. It is almost never appropriate to distribute handouts during your speech, as it is distracting, takes up time, and interrupts the pace of your presentation.

To finish this chapter, we will recap and remind you about the principles of effective presentation aids. Whether your aid is a slide show, object, a person, or dry erase board, these standards are essential:

  • Presentation aids must be easily seen or heard by your audience. Squinting and head-cocking are not good reactions. Neither should they look at the screen the whole time and ignore the speaker.
  • Presentation aids must be portable, easily handled, and efficient.
  • Presentation aids should disappear when not in use.
  • Presentation aids should be aesthetically pleasing, which includes in good taste. Avoid shock value just for shock value. You might want to show pictures of diseased organs and teeth, deformities, or corpses for your speech to make a point, but context is everything. Will your audience react so strongly that the overall point is missed? Additionally, electronic media today allows you to create very “busy” slides with varieties of fonts, colors, collages of photos, etc. Keep in mind the principles of unity and focal point.
  • Color is another aesthetic aspect. Some colors are just more soothing, readable, and appropriate than others. Also, the color on your slides may be different when projected from what is on your computer. Finally, presentation aids must support your speech and have high relevance to your content.

This chapter has covered a wide range of information about all kinds of audio and visual aids, but audiences today expect and appreciate professionally designed and handled presentation aids. The stakes are higher now, but the tools are many.

Something to Think About

What are some attention problems caused by using projection equipment during a speech? Which kind of presentation aid would be most useful for the following?

1. data on how the average American family uses its income

2. discussing the number of wind turbines in five Midwestern states

3. explaining the changes in enrollment of minority students at your college over 20 year

4. a speech on the chambers of the human heart

5. a speech on the differences between North and South Korea

6. a speech on the Sutton Hoo archeological dig in England

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10 Best Visual Aids to Drive Home Your Presentation

Feb 22, 2023 | Deliver a Presentation

Even more impactfully, you can generate greater understanding in your audience. For example, if you’re discussing a company’s finances, having a set of graphs and charts can convey a greater grasp of the figures.

Visual Aids Examples

Visual aids are more than just PowerPoint presentations. To help spark some ideas, here are ten visual aids examples to try out.

What is a visual aid?

A visual aid is anything you use in a presentation to visually drive home your point. Using visual aids can improve attention and engagement with your presentation. They’re also quite fun!

If a picture tells a thousand words, a video tells a thousand pictures. You could pause your talk at the start to show a video demonstrating an idea or concept. It can help ground your presentation and provide context for what you’re going to say next.

In one particularly spectacular example, Hans Rosling’s TED talk,   The Best Stats You Have Ever Seen ,   uses video continuously throughout the presentation. The result: a deeper understanding of a complex topic.

Don’t just describe your product: show it! Having a tactile prop you can hand around or demonstrate isn’t just informative; it’s one of the most engaging visual aid examples around. It draws the eye and captivates your audience.

For example, if you’re giving a talk on African History, showing a traditional artifact (even a replica) can go a long way towards conveying your ideas.

Just don’t overdo it. Too many props can distract your audience from the main thrust of your presentation.

3. Handouts

Are you discussing a complex topic? If so, a handout can help break down the more complex aspects of your talk. It can contain pictures and diagrams for you to refer to in your presentation. It’s also something your audience can take away at the end. And what better way to drive home your message than a lasting reminder.

That’s not to say every presentation could benefit from a handout. But when used prudently, this visual aid example can help make your presentation that bit more memorable.

4. Demonstrations

This visual aid example blurs into props a little bit. Where it differs is in its dynamic character. Think back to your school days – aren’t the lessons you remember best, the ones with a bang?

Demonstrations can serve as the hook to draw your audience into a complicated concept. You could show off how your product works in practice. Or set up a small scientific experiment to get across the core concept of your talk.

And it’s a great way to end a presentation – no other visual aid example is as memorable.

Everyone might use slides – but that’s for a reason. Slides are a simple but effective way to convey your ideas visually throughout a presentation. They can give key statistics or contain charts, graphs, or pictures.

Nor do you need to settle solely for PowerPoint. If you fancy trying something different, check out Prezi. It lets you create an interactive and fluid presentation at the click of a button.

6. Whiteboards

There’s a reason why classrooms have whiteboards. To explain a new idea or spark a discussion, there’s no better visual aid example than a whiteboard.

How about having a pause midway through your presentation to have a brainstorm? Or start off the discussion by jotting down people’s initial impression of an idea. Then, at the end, you can revisit what you wrote down and see if people’s perspective has changed.

Even better, with virtual meetings now the go-to way to conduct a presentation, many video conferencing software contains virtual whiteboards.

7. Posters and boards

If you go to a scientific conference, posters are the primary way to present. When big and visually engaging, they can help introduce an idea. Alternatively, like a lawyer in a courtroom, you can use pre-made boards throughout your presentation. It’s a little more dramatic than a PowerPoint, creating a more memorable experience.

8. Roleplay

Before you roll your eyes – stay with me. Roleplays, when done right, can be the most memorable part of a presentation (for the right reasons). It’s a chance to put yourself in someone else’s shoes. Think about how a roleplay can show a social situation. It could be a person trying to buy a product. By walking through the customer’s shoes, you could demonstrate to a prospective client just why your product or service is essential.

9. Blackboards

If you don’t have a whiteboard, blackboards are the next best thing. Though they function pretty similarly, the blackboard has an older aesthetic many remember from their schooldays. Draw diagrams, symbols, charts, and drawings with the classic chalk.

In fact, one of the benefits blackboards have over whiteboards is the ease with which you can draw. Plus, it’s always a great tool for interactive learning.

10. Flipcharts

If a room doesn’t have a blackboard or whiteboard, try a flipchart – it’s the next best thing. Unlike the other two, you can prepare some of the pages beforehand. For example, you can draw a table of pros and cons, ready for your audience to shout out their ideas.

For many, it’s just a refreshing change from the tired slide presentations.

Need more visual aids examples?

Imagem Exemplo

About the Author

For over 20 years Elizabeth Peterson , has enjoyed supporting individuals and companies with their communication and voice needs. Speech and Voice Enterprises, her private practice, has been in operation for over 15 years in Denver, Colorado. Ms. Peterson is heavily involved in her field and has numerous published books, therapy programs and articles in the areas of accent reduction, public speaking, leadership and communication, traumatic brain injury, stroke recovery and pediatric therapy programs.

At Speech and Voice Enterprises, we offer custom-tailored business communication classes with several training options available... Get started now with

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6 Presentation Aids

Angela Elbanna, M.S.Ed.

Learning Objectives

  • List and explain reasons why presentation aids are important in public speaking.
  • Select the appropriate type of presentation aid that most effectively supports the speech.
  • Maximize the benefits and recognize the pitfalls of using popular presentation aids such as PowerPoint.
  • Exercise restraint when choosing content and design features for visual aids.
  • Display slides and other visual aids effectively and at the right time.
  • Evaluate how and when to use presentation aids for online presentations.
  • Critique and identify how to improve the quality and appeal of visual aids.

“What I hear, I forget; What I see, I remember; What I do, I understand.”

–Old Chinese proverb, sometimes attributed to Confucius 

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Presentation aids are tools that help speakers effectively deliver their message while engaging the audience. The steps that a speaker takes to prepare a speech are detailed and culminate in the goal of delivering an effective speech. Speakers often spend time carefully considering possible topics, then researching the topic, drafting an outline, preparing a speech and finally practicing the delivery of that speech. You may wonder why it would be necessary to take the extra step of using a presentation aid; if a speaker has adequately researched, prepared, and practiced their speech, wouldn’t that be enough? The fact is that even impressive presentation aids won’t enhance a poor speech; presentation aids can only enhance a well-crafted speech. The final step that can make a speech even mor e effective is having some type of presentation aid to go along with the speech.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

People remember more information when it is presented both visually and verbally. According to psychologist Richard Mayer, “The Multimedia Principle states that humans learn best from words and pictures rather than just words alone.” This principle is the foundation of all Mayer’s principles, that images and words are more effective than words alone. Studies show that peopl e recall approximately 10-20 percent of information given three days after a spoken lecture. That number increases dramatically to 65 percent when visuals are used.

Presentation aids help to gain the audience’s attention and keep them interested in what the speaker is saying. If you are a speaker who is apprehensive or nervous about public speaking, utilizing presentation aids can help take some of the pressure off of you and focus the audience’s attention on the aids themselves. Presentation aids are also beneficial because they enhance clarity and therefore comprehension. Your audience will not only be engaged by good visual aids, but having them will clarify their understanding of the information given. Additionally, presentation aids increase efficiency. As the famous saying goes, “A picture is worth a thousand words.” While presentation aids may not necessarily be pictures or even visual in nature, the idea remains that using some type of prese ntation aid will help a speaker effectively and efficiently relay their message.

It is extremely important to keep in mind the fact that presentation aids are just that: aids. They are used to help the speaker deliver an effective speech. They are not the main focus and should not stand alone. It is your job as speaker to use them effectively and to communicate to your audience what they are and the message that you are trying to send. Presentation aids should not distract or confuse the audience; simplifying your presentation aids is a good tip to keep in mind – less is more. Exercise restraint when using PowerPoint or other slides, don’t play audio/video clips for too long,  and don’t put charts and graphs up and leave it to the audience to figure out what is being represented. Keep in mind that your goal is to deliver clear information to the audience; distracting them by elaborate, complicated aids will interfere with that. Above all, carefully evaluate your speech topic and determine which type of presentation aid will most efficiently help you communicate your message; let’s take a look at the variety of types now.

Types of Presentation Aids

Good presentation aids appeal to the five senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. The most common type of presentation aid that speakers use are visual aids , ones that the audience can see. Things like pictures, diagrams, charts, graphs, and maps are types of visual aids. These visual aids can be in a physical format or electronic.  Audio aids are another type of presentation aid. They include audio clips, music clips, speech samples, and sound effects. A presentation aid that appeals to the sense of taste would be food; while ones that appeal to the sense of smell may be the scent of a perfume or fragrance. Presentation aids may also be objects that are three-dimensional or ones that change over the course of a demonstration speech. The variety of aids available are numerous and the best way to decide which type of presentation aid to use is to evaluate your speech topic and ask yourself which type of aid will actually enhance your speech.

For example, if you are doing an informative speech, and your topic is “the importance of sle ep,” begin by asking yourself: what is the best presentation aid I can use to help deliver my ideas to the audience? You obviously can’t bring in an actual sleeping person to demonstrate what a good sleep looks like! Similarly, videos or audio recordings of such a thing wouldn’t be very effective. You consider the options, evaluate their value and ease of use, and decide to show bar graphs of sleep statistics to illustrate how important sleep is.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Let’s take a look at the variety of presentation aids you may choose to use:

Physical Objects and Props

Items like physical objects and props can allow your audience to see exactly what you are talking about. In his famous TED Talk on “Mosquitos, Malaria, and Education,” Bill Gates did something that shocked the audience. He  released mosquitoes from a jar. In doing this, he wanted the audience to experience what millions of people experience in the developing world. This prop gave the audience the opportunity to view something that may not be easily explainable verbally or even through a picture.

https://ed.ted.com/lessons/mosquitos-malaria-and-education-bill-gates

Using an object or a prop will help your audience understand your meaning and connect with you, the speaker. When using a prop, carefully consider when to display it and whether or not it should be passed around. Passing the object around may be distracting to your audience and therefore may distract you, so using your judgement based on the size of the audience and the type of object is important.

Charts, Graphs, Diagrams, Maps

Example of a diagram Example of a variety of charts: bar, graph, line, pie

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conceptual_Diagram_-_Example.svg

If your audience is relatively small then using physical, not electronic, charts, graphs, diagrams, and maps may be a good option. Prior to social distancing regulations it was common for team members or small groups to gather in conference rooms for presentations. In such a closed setting, physical charts, graphs, diagrams, and maps are effective in allowing the audience to collaborate with the speaker. Charts, graphs, and diagrams should always be related to what you are presenting. When using them, stand to the side of your aids while facing the audience.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Depending on your speech topic, audio and video aids may be the best choice for a presentation aid. Audio and video aids are also wonderful due to the fact that people with disabilities can follow your presentation much more effectively with the use of these types of aids. With the use of visual aids, audience members who experience deafness or are hard of hearing can follow your visual aids, be sure to enable captioning for your videos ahead of time. People who experience blindness or vision impairment will be able to appreciate audio aids that complement your presentation.

It’s important to remember that the presentation aid is just that: an aid. It should not be the main focus of your presentation. You, the speaker, are the main focus. Don’t play a video or an audio clip for the majority of your presentation time, instead play short clips that highlight your main points. If you are giving a 5 to 7 minute speech, your presentation aid should at the most be 60 seconds long. Be sure to have the video or audio clip ready to play and if there happen to be any technical difficulties, be prepared to continue without your aid. Spending time trying to get the technology to work is distracting and a waste of time.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Handouts are excellent presentation aids because they allow the audience to take a part of your speech home with them after you have finished the speech. Having something to refer back to can be extremely beneficial for helping audience members retain the information presented. The issue with handouts is determining the best time to hand them out. If you do it at the beginning of your speech, the audience may be so focused on reading the handout, that they don’t pay attention to the speaker who is giving the speech. If you pass them out during the speech, that may interrupt your flow in delivery and distract you. And if you pass the handout at the end, the audience may be missing relevant information to stay engaged in your presentation. There is no recommended or perfect time in which to pass handouts out. The suggestion is to use your judgement on a case-by-case basis. Perhaps handing out the handouts at the beginning and giving the audience a few minutes to digest the information before beginning your speech would be suitable.  When designing a handout, pay attention to style and font choices. Choose options that are easy to read for all audience members, including those who experience low vision. Make sure to bring enough copies of the handout for the entire audience.

Demonstrations

This is discussed in much more detail in the chapter on Demonstration Speeches. Certain topics work best when the speaker demonstrates how to do something; rather than just tell the audience how to do something, the speaker  actually shows them. For example, if you wanted to explain how to cook a certain recipe, it would be beneficial to show the audience the steps involved. It is important to have all of your demonstration items/props ready and to have adequately practiced using them. In the event that something doesn’t work or go according to plan, be prepared to continue with your speech.

Digital Slides 

The most common type of presentation aid used is some digital version of slideware. Software by PowerPoint, Prezi, Google Slides, and Keynote are probably the most popular methods for creating digital slides. These tools are excellent ways to enhance your presentation and help your audience comprehend your main points beyond simply delivering your message verbally. However, it is important to use these digital aids correctly.

First of all, it is important not to overload each slide with too much information. Too much information or items to examine on a slide is distracting. As a speaker, you want to stay connected with your audience; if your audience is too busy reading everything you have up on slides, they will lose that connection with you. Putting too much information on a slide is also counterproductive because you are signaling to the audience that everything is equally important. You should be using your slides to highlight the important parts of your message.

Second, adding too much text to your slides also puts you in danger of simply reading to your audience. Reading to your audience puts the speaker at risk for losing the connection with the audience. Due to direct reading, your vocal quality will likely suffer and you will sound monotonous and thus boring to your audience. Besides which, reading to your audience signals that you aren’t adequately prepared which will hurt your credibility.

Furthermore, it is important to keep in mind that your slides should not ‘steal the show.’ You are the main focus, not your presentation aid. Due to the overwhelming number of options that digital slideware offers – options to display text, images, charts, graphs, and even to play audio and video files – presenters can become sidelined by their own presentation aid! Prezi in particular offers multiple animations and transitions; limit these so that it doesn’t become too distracting. Don’t let your presentation aid ‘steal the spotlight’ from you, make sure that you are in control of your presentation aid.

Aim to be inclusive when designing your slides. Choose appropriate colors for your slides to ensure that everyone in the audience will be able to see them. Avoid clashing or contrasting colors so that audience members with vision impairments are also able to see your slides. Similarly font style/size is also important, don’t be tempted to choose fancy and thus possibly illegible fonts. Choose font sizes that everyone in the audience will be able to see and read. Microsoft offers this guide to help design accessible slides in PowerPoint:

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/make-your-powerpoint-presentations-accessible-to-people-with-disabilities-6f7772b2-2f33-4bd2-8ca7-dae3b2b3ef25

Once you have designed appropriate slides that actually enhance your message, take adequate time to practice delivering your speech while flipping through your slides. Knowing when to display a slide in relation to what you are saying is important. When you are finished with the slide, take it away so that the audience’s focus goes back to you, the speaker.

Also, always be prepared for the fact that technology fails – the slides may not load, you may have password restrictions, you might lose the USB that your presentation aid is saved on, any multitude of issues may arise; being prepared and ready to continue without your presentation aid is crucial.

People as Presentation Aids

The speaker is the first thing the audience sees. In a way, you are the first presentation aid that is being presented to the audience. Dressing appropriately/professionally lends to your credibility. Also, being prepared before beginning your speech signals to the audience that you are confident and ready to deliver the speech; have your notes and presentation aids available. If you are using your own body to demonstrate how to do a dance step or how to apply makeup, for example, then practicing ahead of time is key. If you are using another person to help you demonstrate something, then be clear to the person beforehand what is involved, especially if your demonstration necessitates touching another person.

Your credibility also comes into play during the question and answer period of a speech. You have the opportunity to  call on audience members; be sure to include as many people as time will allow, and always repeat the person’s question so that the entire audience can hear it.

Using Presentation Aids Online

When delivering a speech in person, you will have the opportunity to evaluate your topic and decide which type of presentation aid will best meet your needs. Presenting a speech online may limit you in some ways, however, again carefully considering your topic and evaluating the type of aid to use is important.

When presenting slides online, you will have the option to turn your camera off and have the focus be the slides, or to keep the camera on and be minimized in the corner of the screen. It is recommended that you do not turn your camera off, because again, you are the main focus, you are the speaker, and your presentation aids should not take center stage. Aim to remain visible to your audience for the entire presentation. When you are finished with the slides, take them down and maximize the audience’s view of yourself.

It is also recommended that you begin your speech without the slides, give the audience your introduction, and then share your screen with them. Keep in mind that you are the speaker and should be the audience’s main focus. In order to be engaged with what you are saying, the audience needs to connect with you, the speaker; they can’t do that if they don’t see you and are looking at slides. As with any presentation, ample practice will be key to your success. Practicing your speech while maximizing and minimizing your slides will help you smoothly deliver your speech without any interruptions.

At the beginning of the chapter, I mentioned my experience many years ago with students using ineffectual presentation aids. The student who wrote their speech out word-for-word and displayed it on slide after slide made a poor choice in this presentation aid for many reasons. Mainly, too much text on a slide is either overwhelming for the audience, or they do end up reading it and don’t focus on the speaker. In this case, the audience was bored by being read to.

To summarize, presentation aids are extremely effective ways to engage your audience and highlight key points from your speech. Carefully consider your topic and ask yourself which type of presentation aid will best allow you to represent your topic and main points. Evaluate the types of presentation aids that you have at your disposal, consider the size/needs of your audience, the ease of use of the actual aid, and then determine which type of aid will best help you relay your message effectively. Keep in mind that your aid is just a helper and not the main focus of the speech. You are!

Class Activities

  • Give students a list of speech topics and have them discuss/decide which type of presentation aid would be most effective.
  • Show students the following slide and have them identify what is wrong with it and how it can be improved:

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

  • Share the following link with the class and discuss ways to make slides more inclusive.

Works Cited

Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven. Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning (3rd ed.) . San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.

“Make your PowerPoint presentations accessible to people with disabilities.” Microsoft Support , https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/make-your-powerpoint-presentations-accessible-to-people-with-disabilities-6f7772b2-2f33-4bd2-8ca7-dae3b2b3ef25. Accessed 29 November 2021.

“Mosquitos, malaria and education – Bill Gates.” TED-Ed , 11 October 2013, https://ed.ted.com/lessons/mosquitos-malaria-and-education-bill-gates. Accessed 30 November 2021.

Presentation Aids Copyright © by Angela Elbanna, M.S.Ed. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Using visual aids during a presentation or training session

June 21, 2018 - Gini Beqiri

Visual aids can enhance your presentations – they can increase the audience’s understanding of your topic, explain points, make an impact and create enthusiasm. It has become more important to make information visual:

“Something is happening. We are becoming a visually mediated society. For many, understanding of the world is being accomplished, not through words, but by reading images” – ( Lester, 2006 )

In this article, we discuss how to use visual aids for presentations or training sessions.

What are visual aids?

Visual aids are items of a visual manner, such as graphs, photographs, video clips etc used in addition to spoken information. Visual aids are chosen depending on their purpose, for example, you may want to:

  • Summarise information.
  • Reduce the amount of spoken words, for example, you may show a graph of your results rather than reading them out.
  • Clarify and show examples.
  • Create more of an impact, for example, if your presentation is on the health risks of smoking, you may show images of the effects of smoking on the body rather than describing this. You must consider what type of impact you want to make beforehand – do you want the audience to be sad, happy, angry etc?
  • Emphasise what you’re saying.
  • Make a point memorable.
  • Enhance your credibility .
  • Engage the audience and maintain their interest.
  • Make something easier for the audience to understand.

Using a flipboard during a presentation

Preparation and use of visual aids

Once you have decided that you want to use a visual aid, you must ensure that the audience is able to quickly understand the image – it must be clear. They can be used throughout your speech but try to only use visual aids for essential points as it can be tiring for the audience to skip from one visual to another.

Preparation

  • Think about how can a visual aid can support your message. What do you want the audience to do?
  • Ensure that your visual aid follows what you’re saying or this will confuse the audience.
  • Avoid cluttering the image as it may look messy and unclear.
  • Visual aids must be clear, concise and of a high quality.
  • Keep the style consistent, such as, the same font, colours, positions etc
  • Use graphs and charts to present data.
  • The audience should not be trying to read and listen at the same time – use visual aids to highlight your points.
  • One message per visual aid, for example, on a slide there should only be one key point.
  • Use visual aids in moderation – they are additions meant to emphasise and support main points.
  • Ensure that your presentation still works without your visual aids in case of technical problems.
  • Practice using the visual aids in advance and ask friends and colleagues for feedback. Ask them whether they can clearly see the visual aid and how they interpret it.

During the presentation

  • Ensure that the visual aids can be seen by everyone in the audience.
  • Face the audience most of the time rather than the image.
  • Avoid reading from the visual aid.
  • As soon as you show the visual aid the audience’s attention will be drawn to it so you must immediately explain it. You will be ignored if you talk about something else.
  • Make it clear to the audience why you are using it.
  • When you no longer need the visual aid ensure that the audience can’t see it.

Tailor to your audience

Choose your visual aids tactically so you appeal to your audience. This means finding images your audience can relate to, images they will find familiar and images they will like. Also think about what style of visual aid is suitable for the audience; is it quite a serious presentation? Can you be humorous? Is it more formal or informal?

Example of using visual aids

When watching this video, notice how the presenters:

  • Talk to the audience while writing
  • Turn their body to the audience while writing
  • Don’t spend too long writing in one session

Types of visual aids

There are a variety of different types of visual aids, you must decide which will suit your presentation and your audience.

Microsoft PowerPoint is widely used for presentations because it’s easy to create attractive and professional presentations and it’s simple to modify and reorganise content compared to other visual aids. You can  insert a range of visual items  into the slides which will improve the audience’s focus. Also, the audience can generally see slideshows better than other visual aids and you don’t have to face away from them. However, your presentation can look unprofessional if this software is used poorly.

  • Have a clear and simple background.
  • Avoid using too many different types of fonts or font sizes.
  • Only use animations for a purpose, such as, to reveal the stages of a process, otherwise this can be distracting and look amateurish.
  • Use a large font size – a minimum of 24pt.
  • Use bullet points to summarise key points.
  • Consider providing handouts of diagrams because the audience will find the diagrams easier to read.
  • Avoid putting too much text on a slide.
  • Avoid using red or green text as it’s difficult to read.
  • There should only be one key point for each slide.
  • Always have a back-up plan in case there is a technical issue and you cannot show the visuals on the day, for example, bring handouts or a poster.

Whiteboards

Whiteboards are great for providing further explanations, such as, showing the order of a process, creating diagrams or explaining complex words or phrases. They’re often used to display headings and write down audience suggestions. Whiteboards are also ideal for displaying important information for the entire duration of the presentation, such as, key definitions, because the audience can just glance at the whiteboard for a reminder.

  • Ensure that enough time has passed for the audience to take notes before rubbing something off of the whiteboard.
  • Write concisely to avoid facing away from the audience for too long.
  • Handwriting must be large and legible.
  • Practice beforehand as you may feel nervous about writing in front of an audience at the time.

Handouts are papers that contain key information from your presentation or they may provide further information. They prevent you from overwhelming the audience as there will be less information on the slides and therefore less information they need to write down.

You must consider when you want to give the audience the handouts:

  • If given at the beginning and middle of your presentation the audience may be reading rather than listening to you or they might not pay attention to what you’re saying as they already have the information.
  • If given at the end of your presentation the audience may be trying to take lots of notes which may reduce the amount of information they are actually understanding.

To manage this, provide the audience with partially completed handouts so they will have to listen to what you’re saying to be able to fill in the gaps. Providing the audience with graphs and charts beforehand is also beneficial because the audience will find them easier to read than, for example, from a slide.

  • Tips on creating handouts for your presentation

Giving a handout during a sales presentation

Video clips

Using videos are a great wait to  engage the audience  and increase their interest. Use video to bring motion, images and audio into your presentation.

  • Ensure that any videos used are relevant to the presentation’s content.
  • Only show as much of the video as necessary.
  • Never show a really long clip.
  • Videos can be difficult to fit into the structure of a presentation so ensure that you tell that audience why you’re showing them a clip and tell them what to look for.
  • Inform the audience how long the video will last.

Flip charts offer a low cost and low tech solution to record and convey information as you speak. They’re more beneficial for smaller audiences and they are favoured for brainstorming sessions as you can gather ideas easily. Flip charts are also widely used for summarising information and, like with a whiteboard, you can use them to show permanent background information.

  • Before your presentation, place the flip chart in a location that you can easily access.
  • Prepare any sheets you can in advance, even if you can only write down the headings.
  • Flip charts can be moved so you can avoid facing away from the audience – stand next to it and continue to face the audience.
  • Have only one main idea per sheet.
  • Write legibly, largely and in block capitals so it’s more visible.
  • Check with the audience that they can read the text – do not use a flipchart if there is a large audience.
  • Only write in black and blue ink. Red ink is good for circling or underlining.
  • Using a pencil write notes to yourself beforehand so you remember what to include – the audience will not see this writing. Also drawing lines in pencil beforehand can keep your handwriting straight.
  • Flip back through the sheets to consolidate points.
  • Practice writing on the flip chart advance as you may feel nervous at the time of presenting.

Poster boards can be created using a variety of visual devices, such as graphs and images. They’re generally quite portable and you can make them as elaborate as you want. However, they can be expensive to produce if the poster is quite complex.

  • One poster per message or theme
  • Use block capitals
  • Avoid using posters when presenting to large audiences as they will not be able to see the content

Product, objects or artefacts

Objects can be useful tools for making an impact or even for making a dull topic more interesting. Sometimes they’ll be needed for technical and practical reasons, such as, showing a model or conducting an experiment.

  • If you are presenting to a small audience consider passing the object around but provide enough time so they won’t have to divide their attention between the object and what you’re saying.
  • If the audience is large ensure that you move the object around so everyone sees it.
  • The audience will be more distracted from what you’re saying when they’re looking at the object so keep it hidden until the right time and provide the background information before revealing it.
  • Explain why you’re using the object.
  • If you are conducting an experiment or demonstration, move slowly with exaggerated movements so the audience can follow. Also explain precisely what’s going on.

Two examples of live product demos:

Key points for using visual aids

Try to find out what the presentation room is like beforehand, such as, the layout of the room, the equipment etc, so you can see if your visual aids are appropriate and whether they will work there but always have a contingency plan regardless. Also remember that the audience should be able to understand an image almost immediately.

Before your presentation, ensure that you  practice with your visual aids  so you know how to operate the equipment. If something goes wrong you’ll have a better chance of solving the problem.

Research suggests that using colour increases people’s motivation to read and their enthusiasm for a presentation. Software like PowerPoint is great for producing colour visuals.

Using the colour wheel can help when choosing your presentation’s colours:

  • Colours opposite each other in the wheel are complementary and they create contrast. Using complementary colours makes your text more readable.
  • Colours next to each other are analogous and they are harmonious. Using analogous colours makes your presentation more unified.

Adobe color wheel for your presentation

The  Adobe colour wheel , which helps you pick complementary colours for your presentation design.

Avoid using too many colours in your presentation as this can look cluttered and unprofessional and keep your colour themes continuous, for example, if you highlight all the key words on one slide in blue, continue to do this throughout the presentation. Also be careful with colour associations, for example, in many cultures red is linked to danger. Try to represent your words and topics with colours that make sense and are appropriate.

Many people are blue-green or red-green colour-blind so avoid putting these colours next to each other’s in, for example, a graph. If you cannot avoid placing these colours next to each other then use text to clearly label items.

Research suggests that information displayed visually is well remembered: “retention of information three days after a meeting or other event is six times greater when information is presented by visual and oral means than when the information is presented by the spoken word alone.” ( U.S. Department of Labor OSHA Office of Training and Education, 1996 )

There is also significant evidence suggesting that most learning occurs visually – some researchers suggest that 83% of human learning happens visually. The psychologist Bruner conducted multiple studies which suggest that people remember 80% of what they see and do, 20% of what they read and only 10% of what they hear.

Visual aids are worth including in your presentations because they can help you explain information more coherently which makes presenting easier for you and learning easier for the audience. They also help add variety to your presentation thus making it more interesting for the audience. If the audience understand what you’re saying and they are more engaged, they’re more likely to be persuaded by you.

SkillsYouNeed

  • PRESENTATION SKILLS
  • Working With Visual Aids

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Presentation Skills:

  • A - Z List of Presentation Skills
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  • General Presentation Skills
  • What is a Presentation?
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  • Deciding the Presentation Method
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Working with Visual Aids

  • Presenting Data
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Visual aids are an important part of presentations. They can help to keep your audience engaged, make your point for you—there is a reason why people say that a picture tells a thousand words—and remind you what you want to say.

However, you can also take them too far.

If good use of visual aids can make a presentation, poor use can ruin it. Who, after all, has not be subject to ‘death by PowerPoint’, in one of its many forms? This page explains more about how to use visual aids effectively in presentations and helps you to avoid being remembered for all the wrong reasons.

What Are Visual Aids?

Visual aids are exactly what they sound like: a visual support to you standing up and speaking.

They are commonly something like slides setting out your main points, or a video. They can also take the form of a handout, either of your slides, or a summary of your presentation, the use of a flip chart, or even something interesting that you have brought along to show your audience and make a point.

If visual aids are used well they will enhance a presentation by adding impact and strengthening audience involvement. They can also be a helpful to reminder to you of what you wanted to say.

You should only use visual aids if they are necessary to maintain interest and assist comprehension in your presentation.

Do not use visual aids just because you can, or to demonstrate your technological competence. Doing so may make it harder to get your messages across clearly and concisely.

For each visual aid or slide, ask yourself why you are using it. If there is no real purpose, don’t include it.

Thinking Ahead—Planning Your Visual Aids

Most visual aids will need advance preparation. You will need to know how to operate the equipment effectively.

Check beforehand what facilities are available so that you can plan your presentation accordingly.

Also check whether you need to send your presentation in advance to be loaded up, or whether you can bring it on a memory stick or similar.

You can find more about preparing a presentation in our dedicated page on the subject.

Presentation software

It is now common to use presentation software such as PowerPoint.

Indeed, few presenters would dare to attend an event without a PowerPoint file. However, it is still possible to manage without. Some of the very best lecturers and speakers do not use PowerPoint. At most, they might draw on a flip chart or whiteboard. What they have to say, and the style in which they say it, is compelling enough to hold their audience.

For most of the rest of us, PowerPoint is likely to be the way forward, however.

Top tips for using PowerPoint

Keep it simple. Use no more than three to five bullet points per slide and keep your bullet points to a line of text, if possible. Your slides should be a guide to what you are going to say, not a verbatim account.

Don’t use visual effects unless they actually add to your presentation. PowerPoint has some very nice options for adding and subtracting text, but they can be very distracting. Stay away unless you really know what you’re doing.

Keep it short. A half-hour presentation can usually be summarised into six to ten slides at most.

Don’t use the notes function. PowerPoint has a ‘notes’ function that allows you to write notes under the slides for your benefit. Don’t. You will try to read them off the screen, and stop talking to your audience. Instead, use cue cards held in your hands and focus on your audience.

Other common visual aids include:

  • Whiteboards and interactive whiteboards
  • Flip charts

Whiteboards and Interactive Whiteboards

Whiteboards are good for developing an explanation, diagrams and simple headings.

They can also be used for recording interaction with, and comments from, the audience during brainstorming sessions .

Remember that writing on a whiteboard takes time and that you will have to turn your back to the audience to do so. If using a whiteboard, you should ensure that your handwriting is legible, aligned horizontally, and is sufficiently large to be seen by all the audience. Also ensure that you use non-permanent pens (sometimes referred to as dry-wipe pens) rather than permanent markers so that your writing can be erased later.

Bear in mind that the white background of a whiteboard can cause contrast problems for people with impaired vision.

Interactive whiteboards can be used for PowerPoint presentations, and also to show videos, as well as to write on and record interactions with the audience. They are, effectively, projector screen/whiteboard combinations, with attitude. If you plan to use an interactive whiteboard, you should make sure you know how it works, and practice using it, before your presentation. It is NOT a good idea to make first use of one in a major presentation.

Flip Charts

A flip chart is a low cost, low tech solution to recording interactive meetings and brainstorming sessions.

At many venues, however, they have been replaced by interactive whiteboards.

A flip chart can be prepared in advance and is portable, it requires no power source and no technical expertise.  Flip charts are ideal for collecting ideas and responses from the audience and are good for spontaneous summaries.  However, if the audience is large, a flip chart will be too small to be seen by everyone.

Top tips for the effective use of a flip chart:

Arrive early and position the flip chart so that you can get to it easily when you need it.

Position the flip chart so that you can stand next to it and write while still at least half-facing your audience. Do not turn your back on your audience.

Make sure you have several marker pens that work.

Only use blue or black marker pens. It will be difficult for those at the back of the room to see any other colours. You can use red pens to accentuate blue or black.

Make your letters at least 2-3 inches tall so that everybody can see what you have written.

Draw lines in pencil on blank pages before your presentation, to help you keep your writing legible and straight.

If you are using a flip chart as an alternative to PowerPoint:

  • Plan out your pages as you are writing the outline for your presentation;
  • Write notes to yourself, in pencil, on the flip chart to remind you of the points you want to make. Your audience will not see the pencil notes.

If you have something that you want to present and then accentuate during the presentation or discussion, write out the flip chart page beforehand so that you can just flip the page to it—or just use a PowerPoint slide.

If you need to refer to something that you wrote on a page at a later point in your presentation, rip off the page and fix it to the wall.

Videos are particularly good for training purposes. Short videos can also be embedded into a PowerPoint presentation to make a point, or provide an example. This is becoming increasingly popular with the advent of YouTube, because far more videos are available. Smartphones have also made recording your own videos much easier.

However, as with any visual aid, make sure that you are using video for a purpose, not just because you can.

Handouts summarising or including the main points of a presentation are an excellent addition, but must be relevant.

Presentation software packages such as PowerPoint can automatically generate handouts from your presentation slides. You can also prepare a one-page summary of your presentation, perhaps as a diagram, if that seems more appropriate. This may be particularly useful if you are asked to do a presentation as part of an interview .

If you do provide handouts, it is worth thinking carefully about when to distribute them.

Giving out handouts at the start of a talk will take time and the audience may start to read these rather than listen to what the speaker is saying. However, if your presentation contains complex graphs or charts, the audience will appreciate receiving the handout before the presentation starts since they may find it easier to view these on paper than on the projection screen. The audience may also appreciate being able to make their own notes on the printed handout during the presentation.

Consider the best time and method to distribute any handouts, including either placing them on seats prior to the start or giving them out at the end of your presentation. You may also consider emailing copies of handouts to participants after the event. If your talk includes questions or discussion this will give to time to summarise this and communicate it back to the attendees.

A final take-away

There is no question that visual aids, used well, will enhance your presentation. They add a more visual element to the auditory aspect of you speaking. They therefore help to engage your audience on more levels, and also keep them interested.

The key to avoiding ‘death by PowerPoint’ is to focus on the purpose of each slide or visual aid, and ask yourself:

How does this add to what I am saying?

‘Adding’ may of course include ‘providing a summary’, but if your slide adds nothing to your spoken words, then do not include it.

Continue to: Managing the Presentation Event Presenting Data

See also: Preparing for a Presentation Organising the Presentation Material How You Can Improve Your Video Editing Skills Typography – It’s All About the Message in Your Slides

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15.4 Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids

Learning objectives.

  • Understand why it is important to keep presentation aids organized and simple.
  • Explain how to make presentation aids easy to see, hear, and understand.
  • Make sure your presentation aids work together as a cohesive set.

As we’ve seen earlier in this chapter, impressive presentation aids do not take the place of a well-prepared speech. Although your presentation aids should be able to stand on their own in delivering information, do not count on them to do so. Work toward that goal, but also plan on explaining your presentation aids so that your audience will know why you’re using them.

One mistake you should avoid is putting too much information on an aid. You have to narrow the topic of your speech, and likewise, you must narrow the content of your presentation aids to match your speech. Your presentation aids should not represent every idea in your speech. Whatever presentation aids you choose to use, they should fulfill one or more of the functions described at the beginning of this chapter: to clarify or emphasize a point, to enhance retention and recall of your message, to add variety and interest to your speech, and to enhance your credibility as a speaker.

As a practical matter in terms of producing presentation aids, you may not be aware that many college campuses have a copy service or multimedia lab available to students for making copies, enlargements, slides, and other presentation aids. Find out from your instructor or a librarian what the resources on your campus are. In the rest of this section, we will offer some tips for designing good-quality presentation aids.

Easily Seen or Heard by Your Audience

The first rule of presentation aids is that they must be accessible for every audience member. If those in the back of the room cannot see, hear, or otherwise experience a presentation aid, then it is counterproductive to use it. Graphic elements in your presentation aids must be large enough to read. Audio must be loud enough to hear. If you are passing out samples of a food item for audience members to taste, you must bring enough for everyone.

Do not attempt to show your audience a picture by holding up a book open to the page with the photograph. Nobody will be able to see it. It will be too small for your listeners in the back of the room, and the light will glare off of the glossy paper usually used in books with color pictures so that the listeners in front won’t be able to see it either.

Text-based visuals, charts, and graphs need to be executed with strong, clean lines and blocks of color. Weak lines in a graph or illustration do not get stronger with magnification. You must either strengthen those lines by hand or choose another graphic element that has stronger lines. On a poster or a slide, a graphic element should take up about a third of the area. This leaves room for a small amount of text, rendered in a large, simple font. The textual elements should be located closest to the part of your graphic element that they are about.

Carefully limit the amount of text on a presentation aid. If a great deal of text is absolutely necessary, try to divide it between two slides or posters. Many students believe that even small text will magnify amply when it’s projected, but we find that this is rarely the case. We can’t recommend a specific point size because that refers to the distance between the baselines of two lines of text, not to the size of the type itself.

We recommend two things: First, use a simple, easy-to-read type style. It doesn’t have to be utterly devoid of style, but it should be readable and not distracting. Second, we recommend that you print your text in three or four sizes on a sheet of paper. Place the printed sheet on the floor and stand up. When you look at your printed sheet, you should be able to make a choice based on which clusters of type you are able to read from that distance.

Easily Handled

You should be able to carry your presentation aids into the room by yourself. In addition, you should be skilled in using the equipment you will use to present them. Your presentation aids should not distract you from the delivery of your speech.

Aesthetically Pleasing

For our purposes, aesthetics refers to the beauty or good taste of a presentation aid. Earlier we mentioned the universal principles of good design: unity, emphasis or focal point, scale and proportion, balance, and rhythm. Because of wide differences in taste, not everyone will agree on what is aesthetically pleasing, and you may be someone who does not think of yourself as having much artistic talent. Still, if you keep these principles in mind, they will help you to create attractive, professional-looking visuals.

The other aesthetic principle to keep in mind is that your presentation aids are intended to support your speech, not the other way around. The decisions you make in designing your visuals should be dictated by the content of your speech. If you use color, use it for a clear reason. If you use a border, keep it simple. Whatever you do, make certain that your presentation aids will be perceived as carefully planned and executed elements of your speech.

Tips for Text Aids

Use text only when you must. For example, if you’re presenting an analysis of the First Amendment, it is permissible to display the text of the First Amendment, but not your entire analysis. The type must be big, simple, and bold. It needs white space around it to separate it from another graphic element or cluster of text that might be on the same presentation aid. When you display text, you must read it out loud before you go on to talk about it. That way, you won’t expect your listeners to read one thing while trying to listen to something else. However, under no circumstances should you merely read what’s on your text aids and consider that a speech.

Tips for Graphic Aids

If you create your graphic images, you will have control over their size and the visible strength of the lines. However, you might want to show your listeners an illustration that you can’t create yourself. For instance, you might want to display a photograph of a portion of the Dead Sea Scrolls. First, find a way to enlarge the photograph. Then, to show integrity, cite your source. You should cite your source with an added caption, and you should also cite the source out loud as you display the graphic, even if your photograph is considered to be in the public domain. The NASA photograph “Spaceship Earth” is such an example. Many people use it without citing the source, but citing the source boosts your credibility as a speaker, and we strongly recommend doing so.

Rules for Computer Presentations

Mark Stoner, a professor in the Department of Communication Studies at California State University, Sacramento, has written a useful assessment of the uses and abuses of PowerPoint. Stoner observes that

PowerPoint is a hybrid between the visual and the written. When we pay attention to the design of our writing—to whether we are putting key word at the beginning or end of a sentence, for instance—we are likely to communicate more effectively. In the same way, it makes sense to understand the impact that PowerPoint’s design has on our ability to communicate ideas to an audience (Stoner, 2007).

While this article is specifically about PowerPoint, Stoner’s advice works for all presentation software formats. Presentation aids should deliver information that is important or is difficult to present with spoken words only. Although many speakers attempt to put their entire speech on PowerPoint slides or other visual aids, this is a bad idea for several reasons. First, if you try to put your entire speech on PowerPoint, you will lose contact with your audience. Speakers often end up looking at the projected words or directly at the computer screen instead of at their audience. Second, your vocal delivery is likely to suffer, and you will end up giving a boring reading, not a dynamic speech. Third, you will lose credibility, as your listeners question how well you really know your topic. Fourth, you are not using the presentation aids to clarify or emphasize your message, so all the information may come across as equally important.

No matter what presentation software package you decide to utilize, there are some general guidelines you’ll need to follow.

Watch Your Font

One of the biggest mistakes novice users of presentational software make is thinking that if you can read it on the screen, your audience will be able to read it in their seats. While this may be the case if you’re in a close, intimate conference room, most of us will be speaking in situations where audience members are fifteen feet away or more. Make sure each slide is legible from the back of the room where you will be speaking.

Don’t Write Everything Out

In addition to watching your font size, you also need to watch how you use words on the screen. Do not try to put too much information on a slide. Make sure that your slide has the appropriate information to support the point you are making and no more. We strongly recommend avoiding complete sentences on a slide unless you need to display a very important direct quotation.

Don’t Bow Down to the Software

Remember, presentation software is an aid, so it should aid and not hinder your presentation. We have seen too many students who only end up reading the slides right off the screen instead of using the slides to enhance their presentations. When you read your slides right off the projector screen, you’re killing your eye contact. As a general word of advice, if you ever find yourself being forced to turn your back to the audience to read the screen, then you are not effectively using the technology. On the flip side, you also shouldn’t need to hide behind a computer monitor to see what’s being projected.

Slide Color

Color is very important and can definitely make a strong impact on an audience. However, don’t go overboard or decide to use unappealing combinations of color. For example, you should never use a light font color (like yellow) on a solid white background because it’s hard for the eye to read.

You should also realize that while colors may be rich and vibrant on your computer screen at home, they may be distorted by a different monitor. While we definitely are in favor of experimenting with various color schemes, always check your presentation out on multiple computers to see if the slide color is being distorted in a way that makes it hard to read.

Slide Movement

Everyone who has had an opportunity to experiment with PowerPoint knows that animation in transitions between slides or even on a single slide can be fun, but often people do not realize that too much movement can actually distract audience members. While all presentation software packages offer you very cool slide movements and other bells and whistles, they are not always very helpful for your presentation. If you’re going to utilize slide transitions or word animation, stick to only three or four different types of transitions in your whole presentation. Furthermore, do not have more than one type of movement on a given slide. If you’re going to have all your text come from the right side of the screen in a bulleted list, make sure that all the items on the bulleted list come from the right side of the screen.

Practice, Practice, Practice

It is vital to practice using the technology. Nothing is worse than watching a speaker stand up and not know how to turn on the computer, access the software, or launch his or her presentation. When you use technology, audiences can quickly see if you know what you are doing, so don’t give them the opportunity to devalue your credibility because you can’t even get the show going.

Always Have a Backup Plan

Lastly, always have a backup plan. Unfortunately, things often go wrong. One of the parts of being a professional is keeping the speech moving in spite of unexpected problems. Decide in advance what you will do if things break down or disappear right when you need them. Don’t count on your instructor to solve such predicaments; it is your responsibility. If you take this responsibility seriously and check the room where you will be presenting early, you will have time to adapt. If the computer or audiovisual setup does not work on the first try, you will need time to troubleshoot and solve the problem. If an easel is missing, you will need time to experiment with using a lectern or a chair to support your flip chart. If you forgot to bring your violin for a speech about music—don’t laugh, this actually happened to a friend of ours!—you will need time to think through how to adapt your speech so that it will still be effective.

Key Takeaways

  • Presentation aids must be organized and simple. The universal principles of good design can be a useful guide.
  • Material in presentation aids must be limited in quantity. Remember, presentation aids are supposed to aid a speech, not become the speech itself.
  • Presentation aids must visually look like they were designed as a set. When presentation aids look unprofessional, they can decrease a speaker’s credibility.
  • Always practice with your presentation aids, and be prepared for unexpected problems.
  • Examine Figure 15.14 “World Populations” in this chapter. How could you go about making this visual aid more understandable?
  • Create a new presentation aid for a previous speech given in your public speaking class. How could that aid have helped your overall speech?
  • Take some time to explore the presentation software packages discussed in Table 15.1 “Presentation Software Packages” What do you see as some of the advantages and disadvantages of the different software packages?

Stoner, M. (2007). Uncovering the powers within PowerPoint. Communication Currents , 2 (4). Retrieved from http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=819

Stand up, Speak out Copyright © 2016 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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  • Effective Presentation Skills Tutorial
  • Designing Effective Presentation Materials

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Visual aids can enhance a presentation by illustrating complex content, sometimes better than actually talking about it. However, visual aids can detract from an oral presentation if they do not support the message or are used inappropriately.

Depending on the type of presentation and delivery technologies available, you will have to select appropriate presentation tools or audio-visual aids to deliver your presentation.

The audio-visual aids in general can be presentation slides, audio (music, sounds, narration), video clips, real or scaled objects, etc.

The audio-visuals you select must be suitable for the size of the audience, room layout, lighting, sound system, etc. For example, in a large auditorium with an audience of several hundred people, showing a video clip with audio may not work well if there is no sound system.

You should have a good idea about the presentation set up from the preparation stage to select the appropriate audio-visual aids for delivery.

Did You Know?

People remember 65% of information from a visual and oral presentation, 35% from a visual presentation, and 10% from an oral-only presentation.

Audio-Visual Aid Design Principles

The following are general principles to remember in designing audio-visual aids:

Use Simple or No Background in Presentation Materials

Keep your presentation materials simple. Do not use complicated background designs that can distract from the content.

Use Colors That Provide Adequate Contrast and Make it Easier to Read

For example, use dark letters on a light background; and do not use light letters on a light background or dark letters on a dark background. It is better to use black or dark blue letters on a white background.

Slide With Light Background and Dark Text

Slide with dark background and light text, slide with light background and light text, slide with dark background and dark text.

If colors used have meaning, remember that people with color blindness or visual impairment may not recognize the meaning.

Use Adequate Font Size That Allows Easy Reading of Text From the Last Row of the Room

Prepare a sample presentation screen, and see if you are able to view it from the last row of the room (if you know the location and have advance access to it).

Use Distinct Font Sizes for Titles and Section Headings

Use distinct font sizes for titles or section headings compared to points covered in those sections, and make sure they are consistent throughout. Turn off any "auto size" feature in presentation software to help with this.

Limit Bullet Points to Four to Five Points per Slide, and Not More Than Seven Bullet Points

Slide with four bullets, slide with more than seven bullets, limit each point to no more than two, or at most three, lines of text.

Do not have whole paragraphs of text on the screen as the audience may not be able to read it.

Slide With Two Lines of Text

Slide with many lines of text.

Note that bullet points need not be complete sentences (unless it is a quote or a definition) and can be partial sentences or phrases.

Sample Slide With Bullets in Phrases

Sample slide with bullets not in sentences, ensure images are legible from the last row of the room and convey the intended content.

If you have a large figure, show a high-level outline of the figure and then focus on the specific details of the figure on the following slide.

Ensure Animations or Transitions Don't Distract

When using animations or transitions in presentation materials, make sure they do not distract from the content and do not have a jarring effect, as some transition styles can cause seizures for people with certain disabilities.

Ensure Chart Scales Don't Mislead

If you use graphs or charts in your presentation materials, make sure axis scales do not mislead the audience on the trends. Stacked bar graphs are also difficult for the audience to comprehend when you move through the slide quickly.

Sample Bar Chart

Stacked bar chart.

Example graphs below show the same data in both charts but the first chart can mislead the audience about the data trend.

Chart Showing Misleading Trend

Chart showing realistic trend, show video clips at easily viewable size.

If you include video clips, make sure the size of the clip (¼, ½ or full size) on the screen is viewable for the audience.

Do Not Use Offensive or Stereotypical Visuals

If you use cartoons or animations or clip arts, make sure they are not offensive and do not stereotype people.

Play Audio at Easily Heard Levels

If you use audio clips, the sound system in the room should be adequate for the audience to hear.

Share Real or Scaled Objects at Easily Viewed Sizes

If you show real or scaled objects during your presentation, make sure they are viewable from the last row or use a document camera to display it.

Test Audio-Visual Aids in Advance

Test the audio-visual aids, especially if you use special plug-ins or players or different versions of software for display.

Design Your Audio-Visuals So All Members Can Experience Them

If you will have audience members with particular disabilities, then you will have to design the audio-visuals accordingly. Common disabilities may include color-blindness, visual impairment, hearing impairment, etc.

Proofread and Spell-Check

Proofread and spell-check presentation materials for grammar and spelling errors. Even minor errors will be glaring on a large screen!

When Using the Board or Flip Charts, Write Large Text and in a Logical Flow

If you plan to use the board or flip charts, learn to write in big letters or draw appropriately-sized figures so that the audience can view the information easily.

When writing on the board or flip charts, write from left to write and from top to bottom, so the audience can follow the logical flow of information.

Cite Sources Properly

If you include content from external sources in your presentation, include in-text citations where necessary and list the corresponding references at the end of the presentation materials.

Acknowledge Your Contributors

Acknowledge those who helped you with the presentation, including your team members, at the end of the presentation materials.

Remember Your Visuals Are To Enhance and Not Distract

Most importantly, design materials to enhance your presentation and help you deliver the content effectively, not to distract from it!

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  • Preparing for the Presentation
  • Organizing the Presentation
  • Rehearsing the Presentation
  • Delivering the Presentation
  • Handling Questions and Answers
  • Presentation Skills Quiz
  • Presentation Preparation Checklist
  • Common Reasons for Ineffective Presentations

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Chapter 11 Presentation Aids: Design and Usage

What are presentation aids.

When you give a speech, you are presenting much more than just a collection of words and ideas. Because you are speaking “live and in person,” your audience members will experience your speech through all five of their senses: hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch. In some speaking situations, the speaker appeals only to the sense of hearing, more or less ignoring the other senses except to avoid visual distractions by dressing and presenting himself or herself in an appropriate manner. But the speaking event can be greatly enriched by appeals to the other senses. This is the role of presentation aids.

Presentation aids , sometimes also called sensory aids, are the resources beyond the speech itself that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech excerpts, and sound effects. A speaker may also use fragrance samples or a food samples as olfactory or gustatory aids. Finally, presentation aids can be three-dimensional objects, animals, and people; they can unfold over a period of time, as in the case of a how-to demonstration.

As you can see, the range of possible presentation aids is almost infinite. However, all presentation aids have one thing in common: To be effective, each presentation aid a speaker uses must be a direct, uncluttered example of a specific element of the speech. It is understandable that someone presenting a speech about Abraham Lincoln might want to include a picture of him, but because most people already know what Lincoln looked like, the picture would not contribute much to the message (unless, perhaps, the message was specifically about the changes in Lincoln’s appearance during his time in office). Other visual artifacts are more likely to deliver information more directly relevant to the speech—a diagram of the interior of Ford’s Theater where Lincoln was assassinated, a facsimile of the messy and much-edited Gettysburg Address, or a photograph of the Lincoln family, for example. The key is that each presentation aid must directly express an idea in your speech.

Moreover, presentation aids must be used at the time when you are presenting the specific ideas related to the aid. For example, if you are speaking about coral reefs and one of your supporting points is about the location of the world’s major reefs, it will make sense to display a map of these reefs while you’re talking about location. If you display it while you are explaining what coral actually is, or describing the kinds of fish that feed on a reef, the map will not serve as a useful visual aid—in fact, it’s likely to be a distraction.

Presentation aids must also be easy to use. At a conference on organic farming, your author watched as the facilitator opened the orientation session by creating a conceptual map of our concerns, using a large newsprint pad on an easel. In his shirt pocket were wide-tipped felt markers in several colors. As he was using the black marker to write the word “pollution,” he dropped the cap on the floor, and it rolled a few inches under the easel. When he bent over to pick up the cap, all the other markers fell out of his pocket. They rolled about too, and when he tried to retrieve them, he bumped the easel, leading the easel and newsprint pad to tumble over on top of him. The audience responded with amusement and thundering applause, but the serious tone of his speech was ruined. The next two days of the conference were punctuated with allusions to the unforgettable orientation speech. This is not how you will want your speech to be remembered.

To be effective, presentation aids must also be easy for the listeners to see and understand. In this chapter, we will present some principles and strategies to help you incorporate hardworking, effective presentation aids into your speech. We will begin by discussing the functions that good presentation aids fulfill. Next, we will explore some of the many types of presentation aids and how best to design and utilize them. We will also describe various media that can be used for presentation aids. We will conclude with tips for successful preparation and use of presentation aids in a speech.

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Ace your presentation with these 6 different presentation aids

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

You’re preparing for a presentation, and you know you need to do more than stand in front of your audience and talk — you need something for them to look at.

Visual aids not only make your presentation more engaging, but they also make the information more memorable.

One study  found that a mere three hours after your presentation, only 70% of people are able to recall the information that was presented verbally. However, that number gets a boost when you incorporate visual aids. 85% of people are able to recall information that was presented visually.

But, here’s the thing: You don’t want to paste a few stock images onto some PowerPoint slides just for the sake of having visual aids. You want them to serve a purpose, to educate your audience and complement your content.

Stumped for ideas? We’ve pulled together some clever suggestions for presentation aids below.

Presenter in front of mid-sized audience

1. Perform a demonstration

When thinking of presentation aids, slides are often the first thing to jump into people’s minds. And, without a doubt, they definitely have their time and place. However, don’t hesitate to think outside the box (or, in this case, the slide) and use real objects or even people to get a point across.

For example, maybe rather than talking about how your product works, you can do a simple demonstration. Or, perhaps you can ask for some volunteers from the audience to help you teach a lesson about how to make proper business introductions.

There are plenty of options, so get creative and remember that your visual aids don’t need to only live on slides — you can create some real action too.

2. Use charts and graphs

Imagine that I were standing in front of you, rattling off a bunch of statistics right in a row. How likely are you to remember those digits one minute later? Not very likely.

This is why charts and graphs can be such a helpful addition to your presentation. They allow you to display a lot of information in a far more comprehensible (not to mention memorable) way. Using Poll Everywhere , you can even create these types of visual aids right on the spot by polling your audience and then immediately pulling those results into an animated graph or chart. That not only simplifies your information, but actually involves your audience in the process as well.

Poll: What comes to mind when you think of doubt?

Read more: How to choose the best format for your presentation

3. Share a handout

Your presentation shares tons of valuable information that you know could be a huge help to your attendees, yet you’re frustrated to see that none of them are writing anything down.

This is where sharing a handout can be helpful. You can create something that has all of those important nuggets of information in one place so that they can take it with them and refer back to it.

Or, you can take things a step further and encourage more diligent note-taking by creating some sort of worksheet or template that they can fill in as you move through your presentation.

4. Create a diagram

Let’s say that your presentation needs to thoroughly explain a somewhat-complex process , such as the details and different steps of your recruitment and hiring process. That can be a lot for your audience to take in and attempt to visualize on their own.

Fortunately, you can make it far more digestible by distilling the process down into a simple diagram that they can reference — something straightforward with bubbles and arrows. Processes are sequential, so they lend themselves well to a visual representation that quite literally maps out the flow of things. And, having that to display not only makes the process easier to understand, but also far easier for you to explain.

Small group with laptops

Read more: Make your own quiz in minutes with Poll Everywhere Competitions

5. Highlight an interesting quote, statistic, or point

Naturally, there are certain things that you want to emphasize throughout your presentation — whether it’s an impactful statistic or a pull quote.

Don’t back yourself into a corner by becoming convinced that your presentation aids need to be completely visual. Rest assured, some text is allowed.

Call attention to that shocking statistic by putting it on its own slide in large font. Or, if there’s a certain quote, word, or theme you want your attendees to keep in mind as you move through your presentation, write it on the whiteboard up front.

Tactics like these do exactly what your visual aids are supposed to do: Highlight the most important pieces of your presentation.

6. Show a brief video

Remember those school days when the teacher would announce that you were going to watch a movie and everyone was suddenly overcome with excitement?

Chances are, your presentation attendees feel some of that same giddiness when you show them a video as part of your presentation.

Doing so changes up the flow of your presentation, and helps recapture audience attention. Plus, a video gives you the flexibility to be more creative with how you present information — since you aren’t only limited to what you can use and do directly in the front of that conference room.

Presentation aids like the ones above can help make your information that much more memorable and your presentation far more engaging.

But, while these visuals are important, always remember that eye contact still matters. These aids aren’t for you to stare at — they’re for your audience. So, despite what visuals you implement in your presentation, always remember to make eye contact and interact with your attendees. Trust me, that will be the most helpful tactic of all.

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12 Chapter 12: Presentation Aids

Victoria Leonard, College of the Canyons

Adapted by Katharine O’Connor, Ph.D., Florida SouthWestern State College

Katherine Maher giving a talk

Figure 12.1: Katherine Maher 1

Introduction

We are sure that there are days when you just throw your clothes on to go to school or work, and that is all that is important! But, there are other days when you may choose to wear jewelry, hats, belts, or other accessory items. Presentation aids can be looked at as those accessory items. They don’t detract from what you are wearing, but rather the goal is to enhance what you are wearing! In writing a speech we all tend to put our greatest effort into the construction of the speech outline. That is still your primary goal. However, your instructor may ask you to also construct a presentation aid , which is anything that helps you convey the meaning of your speech to the audience. A presentation aid is a resource that goes beyond the words you say in a speech and enhances the message for the audience. This is not a “busy-work” activity! There are important reasons to construct presentation aids.

The Power of Presentation Aids

If you recall back to your youth, or even now, this may resonate with you. If you ever asked a parent why you had to do something, the answer you might have received would have been “Because I said so!” We hope that in looking at the value and power of presentation aids you will see that our reasons for telling you to use them in your speech go beyond what your professors have as requirements for your speech. There are six important reasons to use presentation aids.

Presentation Aids Add Clarity to Your Speech

Imagine a speech on how to do yoga. Would you know how to position your body without seeing either a picture, video, or human demonstration? Probably not. You would need something to see to be able to then go home and duplicate their movements. Presentation aids make your speech easier to understand.

Yoga, Scorpion pose

Figure 12.2: Scorpion Pose 2

Presentation Aids Add Interest to Your Speech

This does not mean you are not interesting! When we have something to look at that is interesting, unique, and meaningful, there is the “ah-ha” moment that makes the speech more exciting. Later in this chapter, you will read more about the types of things you can do, but here’s an example of some of my favorite presentation aids. One student doing a speech on Harry Potter created a book that was three feet high. The cover of the book was a hand-drawn picture of Harry Potter and each subsequent page showed each of the books of the series. The detail and creativity were so compelling that the class was truly mesmerized.

Harry Potter’s Cupboard under the Stairs Photo

Figure 12.3: Harry Potter’s Cupboard under the Stairs 3

Presentation Aids Help the Audience Remember What You Said

Before we had WAZE or GOOGLE MAPS , people would often give directions on how to get somewhere. Some of those directions could be complicated (especially if you live in a busy city). If you ever learned CPR, you probably remembered it for a short time, but could you replicate the process? Simply showing someone a map or watching a YouTube video on CPR can make it so much easier! You won’t need to give long explanations when you have a visual. Many of us are visual learners. When we engage more than our sense of hearing, we are more apt to remember facts and details.

Man in yellow shirt demonstrating CPR

Figure 12.4: Demonstration of CPR 4

Presentation Aids Make You a Credible Speaker

The effort you put into a quality visual will simply make YOU look better. Whether you design a simple PowerPoint, dress in a costume (or in appropriate business casual attire), or create posters, well-designed presentation aids will impress your audience and show that you cared enough about your speech to put in the effort.

Group of people in business attire

Figure 12.5: Business Attire 5

Presentation Aids Prove Your Point

If you’ve ever heard the phrase “seeing is believing” then this will make sense to you. Whether the point is to believe that a friend can stand on their head, or a much more serious situation that might be represented in print media, presentation aids help everyone understand and believe what you say. Can you do splits while standing on one leg like Olympic ice skater Kamila Valieva? Perhaps you can, but telling an audience you can as opposed to seeing it done proves your point.

Kamila Valieva figure skating

Figure 12.6: Kamila Valieva 6

Presentation Aids Can Help with Speech Anxiety

The more you use any form of presentation aid, you have something else to focus on aside from your anxiety. Some might argue that having something else to focus on will create more anxiety, but with practice, you will find that having something to hold or show an audience will calm your nerves. If you have ever used a stress ball, that squishy object that you can hold in your hand to help minimize stress, focusing on something within your speech that is outside of yourself can result in the same effect.

Types of Presentation Aids

There are many different types of presentation aids available. In this next section, we will explore the types of presentation aids you can use, and then we will look at the media for your presentation aids; what to put them on. It is always best to check with your instructor if you are unsure about the use of any presentation aid for your particular assignment.

Depending on your topic, objects can be very effective presentation aids. Objects consist of any item that you can hold up to show an audience. However, there are important guidelines. Objects need to be large enough to show your audience. If you are presenting a speech on how to string a necklace, chances are your necklace will not be large enough. Students presenting in a classroom need to keep in mind the distance of the audience; however, presenting in Zoom would allow you to show a smaller object because you can easily hold it up to the webcam.

Beaded necklace

Figure 12.7: Beaded Necklace 7

When it is not possible to bring an object into a classroom or a Zoom room, models are excellent alternatives. Models are small or large-scale representations of an object. For example, I once had a student who wanted to show the class a rollercoaster that he designed. Since it was not workable to show the entire rollercoaster, he made an image using digital software. We are all only limited by our own creativity!

Toy airplane

Figure 12.8: Toy Airplane

Charts consist of information that is listed or represented in some way on your presentation aid. Charts could be designed simply in a PowerPoint or could be designed on a poster board. If you are doing a speech on depression, stress, or a disease, a chart could simply list the symptoms for your audience. They can be an effective presentation aid when you have a block of text that you want to show. Just be cautious not to put too much information on the chart. For example, the Symptoms of Stress chart included below provides you with a good guideline. A header with three to five bullet points is substantial enough to make a point and will not be too much information for an audience to comprehend.

Figure 12.9: Symptoms of Stress 9

Infographics

Infographics are visual representations that may use icons, diagrams, illustrations, and some limited text. These have become popular due to the ease of understanding the content and the creative way in which you can use different approaches to create them. For example, an infographic can be used to show the audience information about the COVID-19 pandemic, stress, or any topic that might include data. Infographics can present complex information in a way that is easy to understand.

LA Covid-19 infographic

Figure 12.10: Covid-19 PSA 10

Symptoms of stress chart

Figure 12.11: Symptoms of Stress 11

Understanding what numbers or statistics mean can be difficult for anyone. Graphs are visual representations of data. They present important, factual information to your audience to help them better understand what statistics and numbers mean. Three common types of graphs used in speeches are pie graphs, bar graphs, and line graphs.

Pie graphs allow you to show “slices” of the pie in a visually appealing and impactful way. Using color to represent different areas of the graph will help your audience make the distinction between all data points.

Pie Graph of World Population

Figure 12.12: Pie Graph of World Population 12

Bar Graphs show your data using rectangular bars that have varying heights that are proportional to what they are representing. These can be used to show comparisons between demographic information, inflation, social media, or other kinds of information.

Bar Graph of Preventable Causes of Death

Figure 12.13: Bar Graph of Preventable Causes of Death 13

Line Graphs use specific markers along a path to represent how trends occur over time. More than one line can be used to show how one variable has increased over time, and how another has decreased.

U.S. Votes for President from 1789 to 2020 Chart

Figure 12.14: U.S. Votes for President from 1789 to 2020 14

Diagrams/Drawings

You no longer have to be an artist in order to use a diagram or drawing as a presentation aid. A diagram or drawing is a picture of what you are trying to explain. Often people say, “a picture is worth a thousand words.” You can save words if you use the right picture. Drawings or diagrams can be found online if you want to give a clear depiction of an object, process, or some other concept that cannot be easily represented in some other way.

Diagram of the Human Eye

Figure 12.15: Diagram of the Human Eye 15

As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, maps can be used instead of providing directions to a location. But maps do much more than that. Depending on your speech, you may use a very specific type of map. If you were doing an informative speech on Disneyland, you might show a map of the park. You might show a map of U.S. voters for a persuasive speech on why people should vote.

2004 U.S. Election Map

Figure 12.16: 2004 U.S. Election Map

Photographs

One of the easiest types of presentation aids to use are photographs . Whether you have photos on your phone, or you download photos from an online source, these can be one of the most effective types of visual aids. For example, if you are doing a speech on author Maya Angelou, your audience will not experience the depth of your speech without seeing what she looked like. If you do use an image from online or any other copyrighted material, make sure to cite the photo as you have seen in this book. The copyright should go beneath the photo.

Also, make sure your photo is large enough for the audience to see. As you will see when you read about media for presentation aids, you will have a few different ways to present your photos.

Maya Angelou

Figure 12.17: Maya Angelou 17

On occasion, you may choose to use yourself or others as presentation aids. For example, you can add to the tone of your speech on Salsa dancing by doing a bit of Salsa in front of the class. You can dress the part as well. Perhaps you are doing your speech on the fictional character Harry Potter. You can find a costume and dress like his character.

At times you may want to ask another student to volunteer to participate in your speech. This student might be your Salsa partner! Or, if your speech is on How to Braid Hair , you might ask a classmate in advance if they will participate in the speech.

Ecuador Salsa Contest

Figure 12.18: Ecuador Salsa Contest 18

Audio or Video Recordings

Audio or video recordings can be used to highlight different points of your speech. You might find a podcast that supports your speech, or a piece of music. You might have a segment from a famous speech, such as Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream.

Video has been made easier now through the use of YouTube . Many students rely on YouTube to find specific clips that can be utilized once or more in the speech. You might show a segment of the I Have a Dream speech. YouTube has just about everything available from movies, television shows, TedEx presentations, and music videos.

Media for Presentation Aids

So far, we have discussed the different types of presentation aids you can use in a speech. You may have been wondering what we put those presentation aids on! There are a variety of media that can be used for these presentation aids, ranging from high tech to low tech. The choice you make should be based on where you will deliver your speech and assignment requirements.

High Tech Presentation Aids

High tech presentation aids include the use of computer-based media and audiovisual media, such as PowerPoint , Google Slides, and Canva . Most instructors will let you know which they prefer you to use. Microsoft PowerPoint has been around for a long time and allows you to easily create animations. Some campuses provide students with free PowerPoint access through their student accounts. PowerPoint has a variety of design options that users can edit for font and color. Google slides also allow you to embed animations and it also has excellent template options. One advantage of Google slides is that it is accessible from the cloud at any time. Canva is a more unique program as it allows you numerous options for the creation of presentations that use templates and designs not available on PowerPoint or Google Slides.

One of the benefits of using one of these methods is that you can create a presentation in minutes. You can add a chart, graph, diagram, drawing, map, or photo onto your slides quickly. You can easily find images online and download those to use. When adding an image that has a copyright it will be important to cite the source at the bottom of the image, just as you see the images cited in this textbook. When you read about the guidelines for using presentation aids you will see additional tips for creating your slideshow.

Low-Tech Presentation Aids

Low-tech presentation aids include posters or foam boards, flip charts, whiteboards, or handouts and are known for their dependability. You will never have to worry about your technology failing! These presentation aids are not reliant upon good Wi-Fi!

U.S. Army Posterboard NMAAHC1

Figure 12.19: U.S. Army Posterboard NMAAHC 19

Presenting in Zoom

Zoom CEO Eric Yuan began his technological journey at WebEx. In 2011 he left WebEx to launch Zoom In 2011. By 2013, Zoom had one million users. By the time the Coronavirus pandemic hit in 2020, there were over 300 million users as people were forced to stay home to work. Public speaking courses all over the world met in Zoom so students could still present their speeches to their classmates. When using presentation aids in Zoom , the most important areas that we need you to think about include screen sharing, virtual backgrounds, and holding visuals in front of the camera effectively.

Screen Sharing

If you have created a slideshow with either PowerPoin t, Google Slides , or Canva , you will need to learn how to share your screen. Find the “share screen” button on your device; it may look different from phone to laptop to iPad or tablet. If you have embedded any audio into your slideshow, make sure to click the box that says, “share sound.”

Virtual Backgrounds

Many people have begun to create virtual backgrounds using their slideshow. Although this is a more advanced technology, it is a creative way to have the screen in the back of you show everything in your PowerPoint . Since all computers are different, and some computers are newer than others, you will need to see what is best for your presentation. One word of caution in using a virtual background is that any movement on your part may lead to you disappearing or floating in and out of view from your audience. You need to remain virtually still if using a Zoom background.

Holding Presentation Aids in Zoom

If you plan to hold up objects or photos while presenting in Zoom , it is best not to use a virtual background since a lot of movement can lead to your visuals disappearing from view depending on your position. As discussed in the chapter on delivery, it is important to find the most neutral background you can in your home so that both you and your presentation aids are the focal points.

Hold your presentation aid up to the camera for a minimum of four seconds. You want to give your audience a chance to see it and take it in. Depending on what you need to say about your presentation aid, you may need to hold it up longer.

Checklist for Effective Use of Presentation Aids

Having clear and professional-looking presentation aids is important to enhance your credibility and ensure that your speech is supported by your presentation aids. Remember, presentation aids are used to support the body of the speech but can also be used as part of your attention-getter or conclusion. Practical guidelines will make sure that you prepare thoroughly. The following list conveys best practices for the use of presentation aids. We hope you will check them off as you go!

Guidelines for Using a Slideshow Live or Virtually

  • Use a minimal number of slides; perhaps one per main point and limit the amount of text per slide.
  • Label any images that you embed on a slide (where the image came from). Ask your instructor what they want you to put on the slide because some instructors will ask for more detail.
  • Do not use a title slide, rather use a blank slide at the beginning so that your audience will still be captured by your attention-getter rather than focusing on your speech title.
  • Also, use a blank slide in between slides so that the audience does not spend a lot of time focusing on something you have moved on from.
  • Put your presentation on a USB/Flash Drive. As a backup, have your slides in your email, Google Drive, DropBox , etc.

Guidelines for Using Presentation Aids in a Classroom

  • Avoid presentation aids that require you to turn back to the audience.
  • Make presentation aids large enough for everyone to see from a distance.
  • Display objects, posters, etc. where everyone can see.
  • Display presentation aids only while discussing the point you are on.
  • Do not pass anything around because this will distract your audience and they won’t focus on the speech.
  • Talk to the audience, not the presentation aids.

Guidelines for Using Fonts

  • Use plain fonts that are easy to read, such as Arial, Times New Roman, Cambria, Palatino, Garamond, Georgia, or Helvetica. Avoid using any script font because those are harder for people to read.
  • Use fonts sparingly; there is no need to use four different fonts on your slides.
  • Use fonts that are large enough to read. Key ideas should be 32-point for titles. The recommended size for supporting points is 24-point font.

Guidelines for Using Color

  • Create contrast on your slide. If you are using a white background, you can use black or blue font. If you have a black background, you can use a white font.
  • Avoid font colors that are often difficult to read for individuals with any vision impairment, such as yellow, red, or green.

Guidelines for Preparation of Presentation Aids

  • If your speech will be given in a classroom, check the room in advance and plan for emergencies (prepare to be without presentation aids if they should fail!)
  • PRACTICE with your presentation aids so you know how much extra time they add to your speech.
  • Proofread all materials – spelling errors affect your credibility.

Guidelines for Using Presentation Aids During your Speech

  • Explain presentation aids clearly and concisely (don’t just put them up and expect the audience to understand them).

The use of presentation aids is a critical part of your speech if your instructor requires them. Remember, presentation aids are not designed to replace what you say in your speech. Just as you put your clothes on daily, you can choose to “dress” yourself up with accessory items, such as a watch, earrings, or hat, your speech is like your clothing, and your presentation aids are like your accessories. They only add to your speech. We hope you will be creative in the process and make your presentation aids look as though you put time into them. Remember that presentation aids will add clarity and interest, help the audience understand and remember your speech, and add credibility to your speech. We encourage you to practice with them as much as you can, and that way you can also minimize your anxiety and present an impactful speech.

Reflection Questions

  • What do you feel your primary goal will be for using presentation aids in your next speech?
  • How can you use presentation aids to help the audience remember what you said?
  • What technology challenges do you have that you want to resolve early during your preparation process?
  • After reviewing the checklist for effective presentation aids, are there any boxes you could not check off? If not, why? How can you make sure you meet all of the guidelines?

Diagram/Drawing

Line Graphs

Presentation Aid

Introduction to Public Speaking Copyright © by Jamie C. Votraw, M.A.; Katharine O'Connor, Ph.D.; and William F. Kelvin, Ph.D.. All Rights Reserved.

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Visual Aids In Presentations: The Complete Guide

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Published Date : August 21, 2020

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A picture, they say, is worth a thousand words. Using visual aids in presentations helps you pass a lot of information in a relatively shorter time. With the right visual aids, you can create the desired impact that you want your presentation to make on your audience. Learning how to use visual aids effectively will boost the quality of your presentations. We discuss some of the top visual aids in our recent YouTube video :

Visual Aid Definition

What are visual aids? Simply put, visual aids are things that your listening can look at while you give your Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech or presentation. Visual aid appeals to the audience’s vision more than any other sensory organ.

Why use visuals for presentations?

There is no such thing as a perfect Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech . However, there are ways to make a presentation closer to perfection. What are they? Simple: Visual aids. Visual aids can bring life back into a tedious Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech , and they take less time to come up with than long notes. This article discusses how you can use visual aids effectively and conquer an audience. Before that, we discuss how visuals can help you achieve a better presentation.

They help you structure your work.

Using the right types of visual aids can help you create a perfect picture of what you want your audience to see in your presentations. Instead of struggling to condense a lot of information into a long text, you can present your information in one straightforward image or video and save yourself the stress.

It is easier to engage the audience.

An excellent visual setup can help elicit audience interest and sometimes their input in the presentation. When the audience is engaged, they tend to be more interested in the presenter’s work. Also, an interactive audience can boost your morale and encourage you.

You save time on your presentation.

When presenting, time is of the essence. So, you can effectively reduce your presentation time if you have useful visual aids and use them properly. Would you prefer to go on and on for minutes about a topic when you can cut your Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech down by inserting a few images or videos?

What are visual aids?

A visual aid is any material that gives shape and form to words or thoughts. Types of visual aids include physical samples, models, handouts, pictures, videos, infographics, etc. Visual aids have come a long way, including digital tools such as overhead projectors, PowerPoint presentations, and interactive boards.

Different Types Of Creative Visual Aid Ideas To Awe Your Audience

Have you ever been tasked with making a Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech or a presentation but don’t know how to make it truly remarkable? Well, visual aid is your answer.

Giving a presentation or Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech is hard. You have to strike a balance between persuading or informing your audience while also maintaining their attention. The fear of your audience slipping away is very real. And a visual aid can help.

We surveyed the Orai community to vote for their preferred visual aid. Here are the top ten creative visual aid ideas that you could use in your next presentation:

Videos emerged as the clear winner in all our surveys. We ran these surveys on all our social handles and contacted successful speakers. 27.14% of all respondents prefer visual aids because they are easy to understand, can be paused during a presentation, and can trigger all sorts of emotions. That being said, it is also very tough to create good videos. However, more and more tools are available to help you create amazing videos without professional help.

Hans Rosling’s TED talk, titled ‘the best stats you have ever seen,’ is one of the best speeches.  He uses video for the Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech ’s entirety while not diverting the audience’s attention away from him. He does all this while also bringing out some optimism for the world’s future. We highly recommend this TED talk to learn how to use videos effectively as a visual aid and inject some positivity into your lives during these trying times.

2. Demonstrations

Demonstrations, also known as demos, are undoubtedly among the most effective visual aids for communication. You can use demonstrations in two ways. One as a hook to captivate your audience. Prof. Walter Lewin was famous for using demonstrations as a hook during lectures. In his most famous lecture, he puts his life in danger by releasing a heavy pendulum to show that a pendulum’s period remains constant despite the mass. 

Demonstrations can also be used to show how some things are done or work. We use demonstrations to showcase how Orai works and how you can use them to improve your speaking skills.

18.57% voted for demonstrations because they are unique, interactive, up close, and have a personal touch.

3. Roleplays

Jokes aside, why do you think comedy shows are memorable? You guessed it right. Roleplays! Role – play is any speaking activity when you put yourself into somebody else’s shoes or stay in your shoes but put yourself into an imaginary situation! 

Nothing is more boring than a comedian delivering lines straight from a joke book.  Legendary comedians like George Carlin, Kevin Hart, Chris Rock, and Bill Burr use roleplays effectively and make a mundane joke genuinely memorable. 

Jokes aside, you can use roleplays in business presentations and speeches. Use real-life stories or examples in your role plays to make them authentic. 

15.71% of the survey respondents voted for roleplays because they are very close to real life and do not take the audience’s attention away from the speaker.

With 12.86% of the votes, Props is number 4. A prop is any concrete object used to deliver a Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech or presentation. Props add another dimension to our Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech and help the listeners visualize abstract concepts like vision, milestones, targets, and expectations. It ties verbal to visual. Introducing a prop into your Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech or presentation should not seem forced. Use them sparingly to highlight your address’s most critical points or stories.

People voted for props because they feel 3D visualization is more useful than 2D visualization. Props will make your presentations stand out because few people use them today.

When we sent out the survey to the Orai community and some highly successful speakers, we were sure that slides/presentations would come out on top. However, we were surprised by the results. With 12.86% votes, slides are number five on our list.

Presentations are effortless to create and, therefore, the most commonly used visual aid in business communications. Today, dozens of software programs are available to help you make beautiful presentations. Microsoft PowerPoint is the pioneer in the space and holds a significant market share.

Whatever is your preferred software, you need to keep your audience at the center while making presentations.

People described the ease of creation and the ability to incorporate other visual aids when asked why they chose presentations as their top visual aid.

The inclusion of Audio in this list can appear controversial. But it got a significant vote share in our survey and cannot be ignored. Audio can add a new dimension to your presentations where the audience is hearing your voice and other sound cues that can trigger various emotional responses. Especially when coupled with other visual aids, audio can be a powerful tool for making impactful presentations.

Vote share:

Audio aid is number six, with 4.29% of the votes.

7. Handouts

What is a handout.

A handout is a structured view of your presentation or Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech that you can distribute to the audience.

What are the benefits of a handout?

Like how this blog gives more information than our YouTube video on the different visual aids, handouts can be used to furnish more information than your discourse itself. They give your audience something to take away after your presentation, making you and your presentation more memorable. 

Are you going to be speaking about something overly technical? Then handouts are your friends. Handouts are also an opportunity to facilitate follow-ups if you specify your contact details. 

Handouts are tied with whiteboards and got 2.86% of the votes in our survey.

8. Physical & Online Whiteboards

What is a whiteboard.

Traditionally, whiteboards are white, shiny, and smooth boards on which texts and diagrams are made using non-permanent markers. It is widely used in professional presentations, Brainstorming &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:132&quot;&gt;A collaborative process to generate ideas freely and spontaneously, fostering creative thinking and problem-solving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:12&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-11:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;Develop a wide range of innovative ideas without judgment or criticism.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:60&quot;&gt;Overcome creative blocks and stimulate fresh perspectives.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-9:67&quot;&gt;Encourage participation and engagement from diverse team members.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;10:1-11:0&quot;&gt;Build upon and combine individual ideas to reach breakthrough solutions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;12:1-12:17&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key elements:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-19:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:96&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Openness:&lt;/strong&gt; All ideas are welcomed, regardless of their initial feasibility or practicality.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:109&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quantity over quality:&lt;/strong&gt; Focus on generating as many ideas as possible, even if they seem unconventional.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-16:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spontaneity:&lt;/strong&gt; Encourage quick thinking and rapid-fire suggestions without overanalyzing.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;17:1-17:114&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Building upon ideas:&lt;/strong&gt; Combine, adapt, and improve upon existing ideas to generate even more unique solutions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-19:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive environment:&lt;/strong&gt; Maintain a supportive atmosphere where participants feel comfortable sharing their thoughts freely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Benefits:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-26:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:68&quot;&gt;Sparks creativity and innovation, leading to unexpected solutions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-23:95&quot;&gt;Encourages participation and team building, fostering collaboration and a sense of ownership.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:78&quot;&gt;It breaks down communication barriers and allows diverse perspectives to shine.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-26:0&quot;&gt;It helps identify potential flaws and roadblocks early in the ideation process.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-27:16&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Application:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-32:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:69&quot;&gt;Idea generation for new products, projects, or marketing campaigns.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-30:78&quot;&gt;Problem-solving for existing challenges or obstacles within an organization.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-32:0&quot;&gt;Developing communication strategies or messaging frameworks.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:38&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brainstorming for Public Speaking:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;35:1-38:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;35:1-35:86&quot;&gt;Use brainstorming with your team to research and develop &lt;strong&gt;public speaking topics&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:122&quot;&gt;Generate creative ideas for introductions, transitions, and conclusions in your &lt;strong&gt;professional speaking&lt;/strong&gt; presentations.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-38:0&quot;&gt;Brainstorm innovative ways to incorporate storytelling, humor, or visuals into your speeches.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;39:1-39:190&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;39:1-39:190&quot;&gt;While brainstorming offers numerous advantages, it&#039;s crucial to have a strong facilitator, clear objectives, and a follow-up process to evaluate and refine the generated ideas.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/brainstorming/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">brainstorming sessions, and group discussions. Post-COVID, more and more companies are moving to online whiteboards. Online whiteboards are software that provides a space where individuals across the globe can collaborate online. Many companies have moved beyond the whiteboard and started using online whiteboards for meetings and discussions.

What are the benefits of a whiteboard?

A whiteboard helps listeners better visualize thoughts, concepts, and ideas. It is also a better alternative to the blackboard for a smaller audience as it is tidier and easier to use. Online whiteboards can be used instead of traditional whiteboards without being limited by space constraints. Online whiteboards will transform virtual meetings into a collaborative experience.

With 2.86% of the votes, whiteboards stand at eight on our list.

9. Blackboard

What is a blackboard.

A blackboard (aka chalkboard) is a surface on which texts or diagrams are made using chalk made from calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate. Blackboards are typically used in classrooms for large groups of students. 

What are the benefits of blackboards?

Blackboard is one of the foremost and most popular teaching aids. Blackboard is useful for teaching as it helps instructors move from easy to complex topics in an organized manner. Diagrams, symbols, charts, and drawings can be introduced in discourse to bring life to rather dull topics. Blackboards are highly interactive, where the teacher and students can participate during a Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech . 

With 1.43% of the vote share, the blackboard stands at the bottom, along with flipcharts.

10. Flipchart

What is a flipchart.

Flipcharts consist of a pad of large sheets of paper bound together. It is typically fixed to the upper edge of a whiteboard or canvas. Flipcharts are easy to create and inexpensive fit for small groups of people.

What are the benefits of presenting using a flipchart?

Nowadays, everybody seems only interested in making presentations powered by computer-generated slide decks. However, the flip chart has its charm. Since most presentations consist of less than ten people, flip charts can be a refreshing change to the standard slide deck. Moreover, flipchart does not require electricity. No electricity and no software means fewer of those last-minute hick-ups. 

Flipchart got 1.43% of the vote and shared the bottom position with its counterpart, which we will discuss in the next section.

Master the art of Speech &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:271&quot;&gt;A form of communication involving spoken language, it is used to express ideas, share information, tell stories, persuade, or entertain. Public speaking is a powerful tool used in diverse contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Components of a Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-10:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:73&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content:&lt;/strong&gt; The information, message, or story conveyed through words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; The vocal and physical presentation, including clarity, volume, gestures, and eye contact.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-10:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Structure:&lt;/strong&gt; The organization of the content, typically following an introduction, body, and conclusion.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speech in Action:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:88&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informing:&lt;/strong&gt; Sharing knowledge and facts, educating an audience on a specific topic.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:119&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuading:&lt;/strong&gt; Advocating for a particular viewpoint, using arguments and evidence to influence thoughts or actions.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivating:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspiring and energizing an audience, fostering action and positive change.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging and delighting an audience through humor, storytelling, or creative language.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Public Speaking and Anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:227&quot;&gt;Many people experience &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt;, a fear of speaking in front of an audience. While it&#039;s common, effective preparation, practice, and breathing techniques can significantly reduce anxiety and improve delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:32&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different Types of Speeches:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-28:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Informative speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Focuses on conveying information clearly and concisely.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Persuasive speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take action.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Motivational speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Inspires and energizes the audience, building enthusiasm and commitment.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-28:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entertaining speech:&lt;/strong&gt; Aim to amuse and delight the audience, often using humor, storytelling, or anecdotes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crafting a Compelling Speech:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Know your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailor your content and delivery to their interests, needs, and prior knowledge.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Have a clear message:&lt;/strong&gt; Identify the main point you want to convey and structure your speech around it.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engage your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Use varied vocal techniques, storytelling, and visual aids to keep them interested.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice, practice, practice:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech out loud to refine your delivery and build confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:13&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;38:1-38:281&quot;&gt;Speech is a powerful tool for communication, connection, and influence. By understanding its elements, addressing potential anxieties, and tailoring your delivery to different contexts, you can harness the power of speech to achieve your intended goals and captivate your audience.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/speech/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">speech , practice with Orai

How to make an informative speech with visual aids in presentations

If you have a presentation coming up soon, you can follow the instructions below to learn how you can take advantage of visual aids: 

Determine your overall objective

The aim of your presentations depends on you, what information is being presented, and your audience. The motivational speaker and the classroom teacher may approach the same types of visual aids differently due to differences in overall objectives. For instance, if you aim to inspire and remind your audience of salient points, a poster template should serve well; infographics work well when trying to show relationships between complex information. A chart will be quite effective if you seek to explain a given data set. For additional inspiration, you might consider using an AI poster generator to create visually appealing and informative posters that captivate your audience.

Choose appropriate visual aids in presentations.

After identifying the overall aim of your presentation, you have to match it with the right visual aids example. Will a graph, picture, or video suffice?  

If you use the PowerPoint Presenter, focus mainly on the media that best conveys your message. Make sure that the notes you add are bold and brief. Try to keep your sentence in one line of text.

Prepare thoroughly 

You will spend some time preparing your visual aids before the day of your presentation. It is good to allow yourself enough time to prepare so you can perfect your work accordingly. Take note of when, where, and how you will use your visual aids. If you discover some inconsistencies, you can compensate for them by adjusting your choice or using visual aids in presentations.

After you have a final draft of your visual aids, run a series of sessions with them. Let your friends or colleagues be your audience and ask for their honest feedback. Make appropriate adjustments where necessary.

During presentation

First, you need to be comfortable and confident. A neat and appropriate dress should boost your Confidence &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:305&quot;&gt;In the context of &lt;strong&gt;public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;confidence&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the belief in one&#039;s ability to communicate effectively and deliver one&#039;s message with clarity and impact. It encompasses various elements, including self-belief, composure, and the ability to manage one&#039;s &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:16&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key Aspects:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-12:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:108&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Self-belief:&lt;/strong&gt; A strong conviction in your knowledge, skills, and ability to connect with your audience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:95&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Composure:&lt;/strong&gt; Maintaining calmness and poise under pressure, even in challenging situations.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-9:100&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Assertiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; Expressing your ideas clearly and concisely, avoiding hesitation or self-doubt.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;10:1-10:104&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Countering negative thoughts with affirmations and focusing on your strengths.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-12:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strong body language:&lt;/strong&gt; Using gestures, posture, and eye contact that project confidence and professionalism.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Benefits of Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-19:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduced anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt; Feeling confident helps manage &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt; and stage fright.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-16:133&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engaging delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; Confident speakers project their voices, hold eye contact, and connect with their audience more effectively.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;17:1-17:137&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increased persuasiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; A confident presentation inspires belief and motivates your audience to listen and remember your message.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-19:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greater impact:&lt;/strong&gt; Confidently delivered speeches leave a lasting impression and achieve desired outcomes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:15&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Challenges:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-26:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:112&quot;&gt;Overcoming &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;: Many people experience some level of anxiety when speaking publicly.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-23:101&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imposter syndrome:&lt;/strong&gt; Doubting your abilities and qualifications, even when objectively qualified.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:92&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negative self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Internalized criticism and limiting beliefs can hamper confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-26:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Past negative experiences:&lt;/strong&gt; Unsuccessful presentations or negative feedback can erode confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-27:24&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Building Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-36:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice and preparation:&lt;/strong&gt; Thoroughly rehearse your speech to feel comfortable with the material.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-30:101&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Visualization:&lt;/strong&gt; Imagine yourself delivering a successful presentation with confidence and poise.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:100&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Actively replace negative thoughts with affirmations about your abilities.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Seek feedback:&lt;/strong&gt; Ask trusted individuals for constructive criticism and use it to improve your skills.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:157&quot;&gt;Consider a &lt;strong&gt;speaking coach&lt;/strong&gt;: Working with a coach can provide personalized guidance and support to address specific challenges and confidence barriers.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-34:114&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start small:&lt;/strong&gt; Gradually increase the size and complexity of your speaking engagements as you gain experience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;35:1-36:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focus on progress:&lt;/strong&gt; Celebrate small successes and acknowledge your improvement over time.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-37:282&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-37:282&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confidence&lt;/strong&gt; in public speaking is a journey, not a destination. By actively practicing, embracing feedback, and focusing on your strengths, you can overcome &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt; and develop the &lt;strong&gt;confidence&lt;/strong&gt; to deliver impactful and memorable presentations.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/confidence/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">confidence . Follow the tips below during presentations.

  • Keep your face on your audience. It may help to look a little above their heads while presenting.
  • Only point to or take the visual aid when needed. When you do, explain what you mean immediately.
  • Do not read texts on your visual aids verbatim.
  • Once a visual aid has served its purpose, you should keep it away from your audience’s view.

If you need more help boosting your Confidence &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:305&quot;&gt;In the context of &lt;strong&gt;public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;confidence&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the belief in one&#039;s ability to communicate effectively and deliver one&#039;s message with clarity and impact. It encompasses various elements, including self-belief, composure, and the ability to manage one&#039;s &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:16&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key Aspects:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-12:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:108&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Self-belief:&lt;/strong&gt; A strong conviction in your knowledge, skills, and ability to connect with your audience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:95&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Composure:&lt;/strong&gt; Maintaining calmness and poise under pressure, even in challenging situations.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-9:100&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Assertiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; Expressing your ideas clearly and concisely, avoiding hesitation or self-doubt.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;10:1-10:104&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Countering negative thoughts with affirmations and focusing on your strengths.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-12:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strong body language:&lt;/strong&gt; Using gestures, posture, and eye contact that project confidence and professionalism.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Benefits of Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-19:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduced anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt; Feeling confident helps manage &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt; and stage fright.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-16:133&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engaging delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; Confident speakers project their voices, hold eye contact, and connect with their audience more effectively.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;17:1-17:137&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increased persuasiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; A confident presentation inspires belief and motivates your audience to listen and remember your message.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-19:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greater impact:&lt;/strong&gt; Confidently delivered speeches leave a lasting impression and achieve desired outcomes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:15&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Challenges:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-26:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:112&quot;&gt;Overcoming &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;: Many people experience some level of anxiety when speaking publicly.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-23:101&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imposter syndrome:&lt;/strong&gt; Doubting your abilities and qualifications, even when objectively qualified.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:92&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negative self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Internalized criticism and limiting beliefs can hamper confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-26:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Past negative experiences:&lt;/strong&gt; Unsuccessful presentations or negative feedback can erode confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-27:24&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Building Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-36:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice and preparation:&lt;/strong&gt; Thoroughly rehearse your speech to feel comfortable with the material.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-30:101&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Visualization:&lt;/strong&gt; Imagine yourself delivering a successful presentation with confidence and poise.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:100&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Actively replace negative thoughts with affirmations about your abilities.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Seek feedback:&lt;/strong&gt; Ask trusted individuals for constructive criticism and use it to improve your skills.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:157&quot;&gt;Consider a &lt;strong&gt;speaking coach&lt;/strong&gt;: Working with a coach can provide personalized guidance and support to address specific challenges and confidence barriers.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-34:114&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start small:&lt;/strong&gt; Gradually increase the size and complexity of your speaking engagements as you gain experience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;35:1-36:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focus on progress:&lt;/strong&gt; Celebrate small successes and acknowledge your improvement over time.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-37:282&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-37:282&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confidence&lt;/strong&gt; in public speaking is a journey, not a destination. By actively practicing, embracing feedback, and focusing on your strengths, you can overcome &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt; and develop the &lt;strong&gt;confidence&lt;/strong&gt; to deliver impactful and memorable presentations.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/confidence/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">confidence , we have written a detailed piece on how to conquer your fear of speaking in front of people.

What is the importance of using visuals in giving a presentation?

Visual aids in presentations are invaluable to you and the audience you hope to enlighten. They make the job easier for you, and the audience leaves feeling like they learned something. Apart from their time-saving abilities, here are some reasons why you need to incorporate visual aids in your presentations:

  • Visual aids can help your audience retain the information long-term. 
  • The human brain processes images faster than text, so visuals make us understand things faster.
  • Using visual aids makes your presentations more enjoyable, interactive, and memorable.
  • Visual aids help your audience connect and relate with you better
  • Presentations with visual aids are less likely to be misunderstood or misrepresented. They are usually easier to understand and leave little room for confusion
  • Visual designs help stimulate cognition and they are great for people with learning disabilities.
  • Visual aids act as key cards and pointers for the presenter and help you keep track of what you’re saying

What are the ideas for speech topics using visual aids?

  • Use a picture or image that closely represents the topic. A one-hundred-dollar note can suggest topics revolving around money and finances.
  • Use a chart showing trends or statistics that your audience finds appealing. You can use popular sayings or quotes to generate topics your audience can relate to.
  • Newspaper headlines on related issues can be good starters for opinion-based topics.

Why is the use of color important in presentations, according to research?

Color plays a crucial role in presentations, boosting audience engagement with its ability to enhance motivation and create visually appealing visuals. By understanding color theory and using shades thoughtfully, presenters can ensure their work is professional and organized and accessible to a diverse audience, considering color blindness and cultural associations.

What are the key points to consider when using visual aids in a presentation?

Ensure effective and engaging visuals in your presentation by considering the space, practicing beforehand, utilizing and limiting color strategically (considering color blindness), and maintaining consistency throughout your presentation.

What are some tips for using objects or artifacts as visual aids in presentations?

Objects in presentations can captivate your audience! Choose relevant objects for demonstrations or explanations. In small groups, pass the object around but manage time. For larger audiences, move it around for clear visibility. Reveal the object at the right moment with context and explanation. If demonstrating, use deliberate movements and explain each step clearly to keep them engaged.

What are some tips for using visual aids to engage the audience and maintain their interest?

Capture and keep your audience’s attention with impactful visuals! Ensure clear visibility, maintain eye contact, and use visuals to complement your spoken words, not replace them. Explain each visual promptly and remove it seamlessly when finished to refocus attention on your message.

How can visual aids be tailored to suit the audience and make the presentation more effective?

Craft impactful presentations by tailoring visuals to your audience and goals. Choose relevant and resonant visuals, be it a graph, picture, or video, accompanied by clear, concise notes. Prepare thoroughly, refining visuals and considering timing, context, and integration. Seek feedback to fine-tune for optimal audience connection.

How should one prepare and use visual aids effectively during a presentation?

Prepare polished visuals beforehand, considering timing, context, and integration. Seek feedback. During your presentation, prioritize Clarity &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:269&quot;&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;clarity&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the quality of your message being readily understood and interpreted by your audience. It encompasses both the content and delivery of your speech, ensuring your message resonates and leaves a lasting impact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:16&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key Aspects:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-13:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:133&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conciseness:&lt;/strong&gt; Avoid unnecessary details, digressions, or excessive complexity. Focus on delivering the core message efficiently.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:149&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Simple language:&lt;/strong&gt; Choose words and phrases your audience understands readily, avoiding jargon or technical terms unless you define them clearly.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-9:145&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Logical structure:&lt;/strong&gt; Organize your thoughts and ideas logically, using transitions and signposts to guide your audience through your message.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;10:1-10:136&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Effective visuals:&lt;/strong&gt; If using visuals, ensure they are clear, contribute to your message, and don&#039;t distract from your spoken words.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-11:144&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confident delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; Speak clearly and articulately, avoiding mumbling or rushing your words. Maintain good eye contact with your audience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;12:1-13:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Active voice:&lt;/strong&gt; Emphasize active voice for better flow and avoid passive constructions that can be less engaging.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:24&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Benefits of Clarity:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-20:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-16:123&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enhanced audience engagement:&lt;/strong&gt; A clear message keeps your audience interested and helps them grasp your points easily.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;17:1-17:123&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increased credibility:&lt;/strong&gt; Clear communication projects professionalism and expertise, building trust with your audience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:111&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Improved persuasiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; A well-understood message is more likely to resonate and win over your audience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;19:1-20:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduced confusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Eliminating ambiguity minimizes misinterpretations and ensures your message arrives as intended.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;21:1-21:15&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Challenges:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-27:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-23:129&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Condensing complex information:&lt;/strong&gt; Simplifying complex topics without sacrificing crucial details requires skill and practice.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:128&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Understanding your audience:&lt;/strong&gt; Tailoring your language and structure to resonate with a diverse audience can be challenging.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-25:85&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Managing nerves:&lt;/strong&gt; Nerves can impact your delivery, making it unclear or rushed.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-27:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoiding jargon:&lt;/strong&gt; Breaking technical habits and simplifying language requires constant awareness.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;28:1-28:22&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Improving Clarity:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-35:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-30:117&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice and rehearse:&lt;/strong&gt; The more you rehearse your speech, the more natural and clear your delivery will become.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:107&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Seek feedback:&lt;/strong&gt; Share your draft speech with others and ask for feedback on clarity and comprehension.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:161&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consider a public speaking coach:&lt;/strong&gt; A coach can provide personalized guidance on structuring your message, simplifying language, and improving your delivery.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:128&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Join a public speaking group:&lt;/strong&gt; Practicing in a supportive environment can help you gain confidence and refine your clarity.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-35:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Listen to effective speakers:&lt;/strong&gt; Analyze how clear and impactful others achieve communication.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:250&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;36:1-36:250&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clarity&lt;/strong&gt; is a cornerstone of impactful &lt;strong&gt;public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;. By honing your message, focusing on delivery, and actively seeking feedback, you can ensure your audience receives your message clearly and leaves a lasting impression.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/clarity/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">clarity , avoid overwhelming the audience, and use visuals purposefully to enhance, not replace, your message. Practice beforehand and maintain audience engagement through confident delivery.

The visual aid definition is very clear on how much impact using visual aids in Public Speaking &lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&gt; &lt;p&gt;Public speaking refers to any live presentation or speech. It can cover a variety of topics on various fields and careers (you can find out more about public speaking careers here: https://orai.com/blog/public-speaking-careers/.  Public speaking can inform, entertain, or educate an audience and sometimes has visual aids.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- /wp:paragraph --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&gt; &lt;p&gt;Public speaking is done live, so the speakers need to consider certain factors to deliver a successful speech. No matter how good the speech is, if the audience doesn&#039;t connect with the speaker, then it may fall flat. Therefore, speakers have to use a lot more nonverbal communication techniques to deliver their message. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- /wp:paragraph --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- wp:heading --&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Tips for public speaking&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;!-- /wp:heading --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!-- wp:list --&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Have a sense of humor.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Tell personal stories that relate to the speech you&#039;re giving.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Dress appropriately for the event. Formal and business casual outfits work best.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Project a confident and expressive voice.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Always try to use simple language that everyone can understand.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Stick to the time given to you.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Maintain eye contact with members of your audience and try to connect with them.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;!-- /wp:list --&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/public-speaking/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">public speaking has on an audience. With a great selection of visual aids, you can transform your presentations into a pleasant experience that you and your audience will always look forward to.

Become a confident speaker. Practice with Orai and get feedback on your tone,  tempo, Conciseness &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:326&quot;&gt;In the realm of &lt;strong&gt;public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;conciseness&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the ability to express your message clearly and effectively using the fewest possible words. It&#039;s about conveying your ideas precisely, avoiding unnecessary details and rambling while maintaining your message&#039;s essence and impact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:33&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Benefits for Public Speakers:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-11:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:137&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engaged audience:&lt;/strong&gt; A concise speech keeps your audience focused and prevents them from losing interest due to excessive information.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:117&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increased clarity:&lt;/strong&gt; By removing unnecessary clutter, your core message becomes clearer and easier to understand.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-9:137&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enhanced credibility:&lt;/strong&gt; Concise communication projects professionalism and efficiency, making you appear more confident and prepared.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;10:1-11:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduced anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt; Knowing you have a clear and concise message can help manage &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt; by minimizing the pressure to fill time.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;12:1-12:35&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Challenges for Public Speakers:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-17:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;14:1-14:126&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Striking a balance:&lt;/strong&gt; Knowing where to draw the line between conciseness and omitting important information can be tricky.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:115&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoiding oversimplification:&lt;/strong&gt; Complex topics may require elaboration to ensure clarity and understanding.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-17:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Overcoming natural tendencies:&lt;/strong&gt; Some speakers naturally use more words than others, requiring a conscious effort to be concise.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-18:41&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strategies for Achieving Conciseness:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-25:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:92&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Identify your core message:&lt;/strong&gt; What is your audience&#039;s main point to remember?&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;21:1-21:128&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prioritize and eliminate:&lt;/strong&gt; Analyze your content and remove any information not directly supporting your core message.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:133&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use strong verbs and active voice:&lt;/strong&gt; This makes your sentences more impactful and avoids passive constructions that can be wordy.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-23:109&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Simplify your language:&lt;/strong&gt; Avoid jargon and technical terms unless they are essential and clearly defined.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-25:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice and refine:&lt;/strong&gt; Rehearse your speech aloud and identify areas where you can tighten your wording or eliminate redundancies.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;26:1-26:20&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional Tips:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;28:1-31:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;28:1-28:93&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use storytelling:&lt;/strong&gt; Engaging narratives can convey complex ideas concisely and memorably.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:110&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focus on the visuals:&lt;/strong&gt; Powerful visuals can support your message without extensive explanation.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-31:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Embrace silence:&lt;/strong&gt; Pausing deliberately can emphasize key points and give your audience time to absorb your message.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:404&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:404&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conciseness&lt;/strong&gt; is a powerful tool for &lt;strong&gt;public speakers&lt;/strong&gt;. By eliminating unnecessary words and focusing on your core message, you can create a more engaging, impactful, and memorable presentation for your audience. This can also help manage &lt;strong&gt;public speaking anxiety&lt;/strong&gt; by reducing the pressure to fill time and enabling you to focus on delivering your message with clarity and confidence.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/conciseness/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">conciseness , and Confidence &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;3:1-3:305&quot;&gt;In the context of &lt;strong&gt;public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;confidence&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the belief in one&#039;s ability to communicate effectively and deliver one&#039;s message with clarity and impact. It encompasses various elements, including self-belief, composure, and the ability to manage one&#039;s &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;5:1-5:16&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key Aspects:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-12:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;7:1-7:108&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Self-belief:&lt;/strong&gt; A strong conviction in your knowledge, skills, and ability to connect with your audience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;8:1-8:95&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Composure:&lt;/strong&gt; Maintaining calmness and poise under pressure, even in challenging situations.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;9:1-9:100&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Assertiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; Expressing your ideas clearly and concisely, avoiding hesitation or self-doubt.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;10:1-10:104&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Countering negative thoughts with affirmations and focusing on your strengths.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;11:1-12:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strong body language:&lt;/strong&gt; Using gestures, posture, and eye contact that project confidence and professionalism.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;13:1-13:27&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Benefits of Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-19:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;15:1-15:99&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduced anxiety:&lt;/strong&gt; Feeling confident helps manage &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt; and stage fright.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;16:1-16:133&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engaging delivery:&lt;/strong&gt; Confident speakers project their voices, hold eye contact, and connect with their audience more effectively.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;17:1-17:137&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Increased persuasiveness:&lt;/strong&gt; A confident presentation inspires belief and motivates your audience to listen and remember your message.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;18:1-19:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greater impact:&lt;/strong&gt; Confidently delivered speeches leave a lasting impression and achieve desired outcomes.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;20:1-20:15&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Challenges:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-26:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;22:1-22:112&quot;&gt;Overcoming &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt;: Many people experience some level of anxiety when speaking publicly.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;23:1-23:101&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imposter syndrome:&lt;/strong&gt; Doubting your abilities and qualifications, even when objectively qualified.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;24:1-24:92&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negative self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Internalized criticism and limiting beliefs can hamper confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;25:1-26:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Past negative experiences:&lt;/strong&gt; Unsuccessful presentations or negative feedback can erode confidence.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;27:1-27:24&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Building Confidence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-36:0&quot;&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;29:1-29:102&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practice and preparation:&lt;/strong&gt; Thoroughly rehearse your speech to feel comfortable with the material.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;30:1-30:101&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Visualization:&lt;/strong&gt; Imagine yourself delivering a successful presentation with confidence and poise.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;31:1-31:100&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Positive self-talk:&lt;/strong&gt; Actively replace negative thoughts with affirmations about your abilities.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;32:1-32:106&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Seek feedback:&lt;/strong&gt; Ask trusted individuals for constructive criticism and use it to improve your skills.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;33:1-33:157&quot;&gt;Consider a &lt;strong&gt;speaking coach&lt;/strong&gt;: Working with a coach can provide personalized guidance and support to address specific challenges and confidence barriers.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;34:1-34:114&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Start small:&lt;/strong&gt; Gradually increase the size and complexity of your speaking engagements as you gain experience.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li data-sourcepos=&quot;35:1-36:0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focus on progress:&lt;/strong&gt; Celebrate small successes and acknowledge your improvement over time.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2 data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-37:282&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remember:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p data-sourcepos=&quot;37:1-37:282&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Confidence&lt;/strong&gt; in public speaking is a journey, not a destination. By actively practicing, embracing feedback, and focusing on your strengths, you can overcome &lt;strong&gt;fear of public speaking&lt;/strong&gt; and develop the &lt;strong&gt;confidence&lt;/strong&gt; to deliver impactful and memorable presentations.&lt;/p&gt; " href="https://orai.com/glossary/confidence/" data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]" tabindex="0" role="link">confidence .

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23 Presentation Aids

Learning Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to

  • explain how visual aids can improve the quality and impact of a presentation,
  • distinguish unique benefits of different types of visual aids, and
  • develop visual aids that are consistent with standard presentation quality criteria

Introduction

Presentations can be enhanced by the effective use of visual aids. These include handouts, overhead transparencies, drawings on the whiteboard, PowerPoint slides, and many other types of props. Once you have chosen a topic, consider how you are going to show your audience what you are talking about. Visuals can provide a reference, illustration, or image to help the audience to understand and remember your point.

Visual aids accomplish several goals:

  • Make your speech more interesting
  • Enhance your credibility as a speaker
  • Guide transitions, helping the audience stay on track
  • Communicate complex information in a short time
  • Reinforce your message
  • Encourage retention

Emphasis, Support, and Clarity

The purpose for each visual aid should be clear and speak for itself. If you can’t quickly link the purpose of a visual aid to the verbal message, consider whether it should be used. Visual aids can be distracting or confusing if they are not clearly connected to what you are saying.

Perhaps you want to highlight a trend between two related issues, such as socioeconomic status and educational attainment. You might show a line graph that compares the two, showing that as socioeconomic status rises, educational attainment also rises. People learn in different ways. Some of us learn best using visual stimuli; others learn by taking notes or by using tactile objects. So, by using visuals to support your presentation and, if possible, tactile aids or demos, you can help a significant proportion of the audience learn about your topic.

Clarity is key in the use of visual aids. Limit the number of words on your slides. No more than 10 words per slide, with a font large enough to be read at the back of the room or auditorium, is a good rule of thumb.

Methods and Materials

Slide decks.

The most common visual aid used in presentations, slide decks may be developed using software such as PowerPoint, Keynote, Prezi, or Google Slides. These tools allow you to show text, images, and charts and even to play audio or video files. They are an excellent enhancement to your presentation, but they do require a contingency plan. Computers sometimes fail to work as planned, so make sure you have a whiteboard or handout as a backup in case of any technical issues. You can minimize the risk by testing out equipment ahead of time.

Also, remember that these are an aid to your central, verbal message. Resist the urge to read directly from them with your back to the audience, or to pack slides full of text in lieu of speaking all of the information you want to get across.

Flip Charts, Whiteboards, and Large Prints

Flip charts and whiteboards are a good choice when you don’t have access to a computer and projector. Alternatively, you can print some visual aids like charts and graphs in large sizes and show them during your presentation. If you plan to get a lot of audience input and want to write or draw things out, then a whiteboard is an ideal choice. But make sure your writing is large enough to be seen at the back of the room and that it is easy to read.

If it will be helpful for your audience to refer to the information you’re sharing at a later date, they’ll appreciate it if you leave them with a handout. But never give handouts to the audience at the beginning of your speech. They will be distracted by reading and tune you out. If you decide to use one, let the audience know at the beginning of the speech that you’ll provide it at the end. This will relieve them from having to capture all your content by taking notes, and keep their attention focused on you while you speak.

Demonstrations and Tactile Aids

If your presentation is about how to do something, for example, how to cook a particular dish or how to use a tool, you will want to show the audience a demonstration. Sometimes it is helpful to pass around a tactile aid, for example, a model. These can be very helpful if you want your audience to learn by doing. Make sure to pass items around during pauses in your presentation so that you don’t lose the audience’s attention. If audience members need to move around to use a tactile aid, make sure the location has enough space to make this possible.

Using Visual Aids

Designing Slide Decks

Using PowerPoint or a similar program, You’ll be able to import, or cut and paste, words from text files, images, or video clips to represent your ideas. You can even incorporate web links.

At first, you might be overwhelmed by the possibilities, and you might be tempted to use all the bells, whistles, and sounds, not to mention the flying, and animated graphics. If used wisely, a simple transition can be effective, But if used indiscriminately, it can annoy the audience to the point where they cringe in anticipation of the sound effect at the start of each slide.

Stick to one main idea per slide. The presentation is for the audience’s benefit, not yours. Pictures and images can be understood more quickly and easily than text, so you can use this to your advantage as you present.

If you develop a slide deck for your presentation, test these out in the location beforehand, not just on your own computer screen, as different computers and software versions can make your slides look different than you expected. Allow time for revision based on what you learn.

Your visual aids should meet the following criteria:

  • Big – legible for everyone, even the back row
  • Clear – the audience should “get it” the first time they see it
  • Simple – simplify concepts rather than complicating them
  • Consistent – use the same visual style throughout

Another consideration that you’ll need to make when designing your slide decks is font. As previously mentioned, think about the people at the back of the room when choosing the size of your text, to make sure it can be read by everyone.

A common mistake that presenters make is to use decorative fonts, or to incorporate many different fonts in their slides. This not only creates a mixed message for the audience but also makes your message difficult to read. Choose legible, common fonts that do not have thin elements that may be difficult to see.

When considering your choice of colours to use, legibility must be your priority. Contrast can help the audience read your key terms more easily. Make sure the background colour and the images you plan to use complement each other. Repeat colours, from your graphics to your text, to help unify each slide. To reduce visual noise, try not to use more than two or three colours.

According to the standard colour wheel, colours are grouped into primary, secondary, and tertiary categories. Primary colours are the colours from which other colours are made through various combinations: blue, red, and yellow. Secondary colours—green, orange, and purple—combine two primary colours, while tertiary colours are made from combinations of primary and secondary colours.

presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

Figure 3.3.1 The Colour Wheel by Laura Underwood

Colours have relationships depending on their location on the wheel. Colours that are opposite each other are called complementary, and they contrast, creating a dynamic effect. Analogous colours are located next to each other and promote continuity and sense of unity.

Blue-green colour blindness, and red-green colour blindness are fairly common, so avoid using these colour combinations if it is important for the audience to differentiate between them. If you are using a pie chart, for example, avoid putting a blue segment

next to a green one. Use labelling so that even if someone is colour blind, they will be able to tell the relative sizes of the pie segments and what they signify.

Colour is also a matter of culture. Some colours may be perceived as formal or informal, or masculine or feminine. Certain colours have understood meanings; for example, red is usually associated with danger, while green signals “go.” Make sure the colours you use align with your message. If you are discussing climate change or the natural world, for example, you’d be more likely to use blues and greens rather than metallic colours to avoid confusing the audience.

Helpful Hints

Visual aids can be a powerful tool when used effectively but can run the risk of dominating your presentation. Consider your audience and how the portrayal of images, text, graphic, animated sequences, or sound files will contribute or detract from your presentation. Here are some hints to keep in mind as you prepare yours.

  • Keep it simple
  • One idea per slide
  • Avoid clutter
  • Use large, bold fonts that can be read from at least 20 feet away
  • Use contrasting colours for a dynamic effect
  • Use analogous colours to unify ideas
  • Do not use clip art
  • Proofread each slide with care
  • Test in the presentation room beforehand
  • If you are using a computer for your visual aids, have a backup plan

Using visual aids takes time and practice. The more you practise before your speech, the more comfortable you will be with your visual aids and the role they serve. Know your material well enough that you refer to your visual aids, not rely on them.

Check Your Understanding

Attribution statement (presentation aids).

This chapter is a remix containing content from a variety of sources published under a variety of open licenses, including the following:

Chapter Content

  • Original content contributed by the Olds College OER Development Team, of Olds College to Professional Communications Open Curriculum under a CC-BY 4.0 license
  • Content adapted from Nonverbal Delivery in Communication for Business Success, created by Anonymous, for previously shared at http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/communication-for-business-success-canadian-edition/s15-non-verbal-delivery.html under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license
  • Content created by Jenn Q. Goddu, for Providing Feedback to Speakers from The Public Speaking Project, previously shared at http://publicspeakingproject.org/listening.html under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license

Check Your Understandings

  • Original assessment items contributed by the Olds College OER Development Team, of Olds College to Professional Communications Open Curriculum under a CC-BY 4.0 license
  • Assessment items adapted from  Boundless, for Boundless Communications, Choosing Appropriate Words Chapter Quiz, previously shared at https://www.boundless.com/quizzes/using-language-effectively-quiz-81357/ under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license
  • Assessment items adapted from  Boundless, for Boundless Communications, Defining an Informative Speech Chapter Quiz, previously shared at https://www.boundless.com/communications/textbooks/boundless-communications-textbook/informative-speaking-13/introduction-to-informative-speaking-69/defining-an-informative-speech-270-76/ under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license
  • Assessment items adapted from  Boundless, for Boundless Communications, Presentation Quiz, previously shared at https://www.boundless.com/quizzes/week-4-boundless-presentation-quiz-77222/ under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license

Professional Communications Copyright © by Olds College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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13.1 What are Presentation Aids?

Click below to play an audio file of this section of the chapter sponsored by the Women for OSU Partnering to Impact grant.

Pistol Pete trying to demonstrate something with a string and a bottle of isopropyl alcohol.

“Well-designed visuals do more than provide information; they bring order to the conversation.” -Dale Ludwig

When you give a speech, you are presenting much more than just a collection of words and ideas. Because you are speaking “live and in person,” your audience members will experience your speech through all five of their senses: hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch. In some speaking situations, the speaker appeals only to the sense of hearing. They more or less ignore the other senses except to avoid visual distractions by dressing and presenting themselves in an appropriate manner. But the speaking event can be greatly enriched by appeals to the other senses. This is the role of presentation aids.

Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech excerpts, and sound effects. A speaker may also use fragrance samples or food samples as olfactory (sense of smell) or gustatory (sense of taste) aids. Finally, presentation aids can be three-dimensional objects, animals, and people; they can also change over a period of time, as in the case of a how-to demonstration.

As you can see, the range of possible presentation aids is almost unlimited. However, all presentation aids have one thing in common: To be effective, each presentation aid a speaker uses must be a direct, uncluttered example of a specific element of the speech. It is understandable that someone presenting a speech about Abraham Lincoln might want to include a photograph of him, but because everyone already knows what Lincoln looked like, the picture would not contribute much to the message unless, perhaps, the message was specifically about the changes in Lincoln’s appearance during his time in office.

Other visual artifacts are more likely to deliver information more directly relevant to the speech—a diagram of the interior of Ford’s Theater where Lincoln was assassinated, a facsimile of the messy and much-edited Gettysburg Address, or a photograph of the Lincoln family, for example. The key is that each presentation aid must directly express an idea in your speech.

Moreover, presentation aids must be used at the time when you are presenting the specific ideas related to the aid. For example, if you are speaking about coral reefs and one of your supporting points is about the location of the world’s major reefs, it would make sense to display a map of these reefs while you’re talking about location. If you display it while you are explaining what coral actually is, or describing the kinds of fish that feed on a reef, the map will not serve as a useful visual aid—in fact, it’s likely to be a distraction.

To be effective, presentation aids must also be easy to use and easy for the listeners to see and understand. In this chapter, we will present some principles and strategies to help you incorporate effective presentation aids into your speech. We will begin by discussing the functions that good presentation aids fulfill. Next, we will explore some of the many types of presentation aids and how best to design and utilize them. We will also describe various media that can be used for presentation aids. We will conclude with tips for successful preparation and use of presentation aids in a speech.

Pistol Pete holds a globe as an aid for his presentation aid for his speech.

With a clear understanding of the role visual aids play in enhancing a speech, Pistol Pete settled down at his computer to create a slide deck for his upcoming presentation on Oklahoma State University traditions. As he fired up his presentation software, Pete had four criteria in mind to ensure his visuals would be effective: improving understanding, enhancing memory and retention, maintaining audience interest, and establishing speaker credibility.

As he crafted his first slide, Pete decided to set the tone with a captivating image of a vibrant OSU tradition – the Sea of Orange Parade. He chose this image to immediately draw his audience into the world of OSU traditions. He believed that such a vivid depiction of a beloved tradition would not only grab attention but also make a lasting impression, enhancing memory and retention.

For the main body of his presentation, Pete decided to use a combination of brief text points and corresponding images. He was mindful to keep the text concise and informative, making sure it aligned with what he was saying verbally. He paired each point with relevant images or short video clips that illustrated the tradition in action. This visual reinforcement of his words aimed to improve the audience’s understanding of the traditions.

Pete knew the importance of credibility for a speaker. So, he was careful to orally cite the information referenced on his slides. This not only established his credibility but also provided a reference point for anyone interested in learning more about the traditions at OSU.

To maintain audience interest throughout the speech, Pete decided to infuse elements of surprise into his slide deck. He included a few ‘Did you know?’ slides at unexpected points, each revealing a fun or little-known fact about OSU traditions. He believed these elements of surprise would keep his audience engaged and attentive throughout his presentation.

As he clicked through his completed slide deck, Pistol Pete felt a surge of satisfaction. He believed he had created a visual aid that not only complemented his speech but would also enhance his audience’s understanding, keep them engaged, aid in memory and retention, and demonstrate his credibility. Now all that remained was to deliver his informative speech with the same enthusiasm and passion that had driven his research and preparation. Why do you think it’s important to keep text brief and to a minimum on slides? Is it important to include images on each slide?

* Pistol Pete scenarios are all based on hypothetical events and were written with the use of Chatgpt and careful editing by Speech Communication faculty. 

This resource is available at no cost at https://open.library.okstate.edu/speech2713/.

the resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience

Discussion Questions

  • What are some ways that you can establish common ground with your classmates as the audience?
  • Ceally wants to educate his college classmates about the increased use of profanity in contemporary music. He would like to play sound clips of some of the most offensive lyrics to illustrate his point. Would you advise Ceally to play these songs, even though doing so might offend or upset members of the audience? Why?
  • Tynisha wants to convince her audience that we need a ban on alcoholic drinks at sporting events. Her survey results suggest that nearly 85% of her audience wants to continue the current policy of allowing alcohol sales at athletic events. Should she change her purpose to fit the existing attitudes of her audience? Why or why not? How can she establish common ground with this audience?
  • What are some ways you can establish ethos with your audience before, during and after your presentation?
  • Why is it important to understand the demographics, psychographics, and interests of your audience? What are the pitfalls of not conducting any audience analysis before speaking?
  • Think of other areas of life in which audience analysis (or something like it) is essential (for example: needs assessments, strategic planning, individualized education planning). Why is it important to first understand the unique needs of a group before offering information or solutions to problems? How can we use our understanding of audience analysis to inform our communication in other areas of life
  • Identify your values. On a sheet of paper, take a minute to write down how you would spend a million dollars on others. Next, take a minute to write down how you would spend a million dollars on yourself. Finally, review your two lists and identify common themes. What you choose to spend your money on reflects your values. Here are a few ideas of some of the value categories that may include things you would buy: items for your family, home, community, health, education, adventure, luxury, or nature/environment. These would be some of the values by which you live your life.
  • Cereal Box/Pizza/Stores we like to buy from/Movies/TV shows - consider the audience who would be most drawn to a certain type of cereal/pizza, etc.

of or relating to the sense of taste

Introduction to Speech Communication Copyright © 2021 by Individual authors retain copyright of their work. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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33 Presentation Aids

Learning objectives.

  • Explain reasons to use presentation aids.
  • Differentiate between different types of presentation aids.
  • Consider effective design for presentation aids.
  • Utilize best practices for designing and using presentation aids.

Presentation Aids

If you have prepared and rehearsed your speech adequately, shouldn’t a good speech with a good delivery be enough to stand on its own? While it is true that impressive presentation aids will not rescue a poor speech, it is also important to recognize that a good speech can often be made even better by the strategic use of presentation aids.

Presentation aids are designed to enhance your presentation. We often fall into the “I’ll just make a slide show” mentality. However, this is not always the best choice for a presentation aid. This section will explore reasons to use presentation aids, different types, and tips on how to prepare them.

Slide and slide show design have a major impact on your ability to get your message across to your audience. Numerous books address various design fundamentals and slide design, but there isn’t always consensus on what is “best.” What research has shown, though, is that people have trouble grasping information when it comes at them simultaneously. “They will either listen to you or read your slides; they cannot do both.” This leaves you, the presenter, with a lot of power to direct or scatter your audience’s attention. This section will serve as an overview of basic design considerations that even novices can use to improve their slides.

First and foremost, design with your audience in mind. Your slide show is not your outline. The show is also not your handout. As discussed earlier, you can make a significantly more meaningful, content-rich handout that complements your presentation if you do not try to save time by making a slide show that serves as both. Keep your slides short, create a separate handout if needed, and write as many notes for yourself as you need.

All decisions, from the images you use to their placement, should be done with a focus on your message, your medium, and your audience. Each slide should reinforce or enhance your message, so make conscious decisions about each element and concept you include and edit mercilessly. Taken a step further, graphic designer Robin Williams suggests each element be placed on the slide deliberately in relation to every other element on the slide.

Image depicting too much information for readers

Providing the right amount of information, neither too much nor too little, is one of the key aspects in effective communication. See Figure 3.1 as an example of slides with too little or too much information. The foundation of this idea is that if the viewers have too little information, they must struggle to put the pieces of the presentation together. Most people, however, include too much information (e.g., slides full of text, meaningless images, overly complicated charts), which taxes the audience’s ability to process the message. “There is simply a limit to a person’s ability to process new information efficiently and effectively.” As a presenter, reducing the amount of information directed at your audience (words, images, sounds, etc.) will help them to better remember your message. In this case, less is actually more.

The first strategy to keeping it simple is to include only one concept or idea per slide. If you need more than one slide, use it, but don’t cram more than one idea on a slide. While many have tried to proscribe the number of slides you need based on the length of your talk, there is no formula that works for every presentation. Use only the number of slides necessary to communicate your message, and make sure the number of slides corresponds to the amount of time allotted for your speech. Practice with more and fewer slides and more and less content on each slide to find the balance between too much information and too little.

With simplicity in mind, the goal is to have a slide that can be understood in 3 seconds. Think of it like a billboard you are passing on the highway. You can achieve this by reducing the amount of irrelevant information, also known as  noise , in your slide as much as possible. This might include eliminating background images, using clear icons and images, or creating simplified graphs. Your approach should be to remove as much from your slide as possible until it no longer makes any sense if you remove more.

Chart displaying a cluttered image of high count graphs

What is the purpose?

Effective presentation aids are used for a specific purpose. They can help to clarify and emphasize ideas, increase audience recall, and increase interest in your speech. Your job as a speaker is to choose the correct presentation aid to enhance your speech. 

Clarification is important in a speech because if some of the information you convey is unclear, your listeners will come away puzzled or possibly even misled. Presentation aids can help  clarify  a message if the information is complex or if the point being made is a visual one.

Coriolis Effect

If your speech is about the impact of the Coriolis effect on tropical storms, for instance, you will have great difficulty clarifying it without a diagram because the process is a complex one. The diagram below may be an effective presentation aid because it shows the audience the interaction between equatorial wind patterns and wind patterns moving in other directions. The diagram allows the audience to process the information in two ways: through your verbal explanation and through the visual elements of the diagram.

Petroglyph

Another example of clarifying occurs when a speaker wants to visually help audience members understand a visual concept. For example, if a speaker is talking about the importance of petroglyphs in Native American culture, just describing the petroglyphs won’t completely help your audience to visualize what they look like. Instead, showing an example of a petroglyph can more easily help your audience form a clear mental image of your intended meaning.

When you use a presentational aid for  emphasis , you highlight the importance of an idea. In a speech on water conservation, you might try to show the environmental proportions of the resource. When you use a conceptual drawing like the one below, you show that if the world water supply were equal to ten gallons, only ten drops would be available and potable for human or household consumption. This drawing is effective because it emphasizes the scarcity of useful water and thus draws attention to this important information in your speech.

Planetary Water Supply. For every one cup of polluted water, there are ten drops of usable water.

Visual images can serve as a memory aid to your listeners. When your graphic images deliver information effectively and when your listeners understand them clearly, audience members are likely to remember your message long after your speech is over.

An added plus of using presentation aids is that they can boost your memory while you are speaking. Using your presentation aids while you rehearse your speech will familiarize you with the association between a given place in your speech and the presentation aid that accompanies that material.

Variety and Interest

Presentation aids make your speech more interesting. While it is true that a good speech and a well-rehearsed delivery will already include variety in several aspects of the presentation, in many cases, a speech can be made even more interesting by the use of well-chosen presentation aids.

For example, you may have prepared a very good speech to inform a group of gardeners about several new varieties of roses suitable for growing in your local area. Although your listeners will undoubtedly understand and remember your message very well without any presentation aids, wouldn’t your speech have a greater impact if you accompanied your remarks with a picture of each rose? You can imagine that your audience would be even more enthralled if you had the ability to display an actual flower of each variety in a bud vase.

Remember, as you are thinking about possible presentation aids, they should be purposeful. You should not have a presentation aid you do not directly use just to have one. If you do not have a purpose for the presentation aid, leave it out.

What should I consider before choosing a presentation aid?

With a little forethought and adequate practice, you can choose presentation aids that enhance your message and boost your professional appearance in front of an audience.

Less is more: One principle to keep in mind is to use only as many presentation aids as necessary to present your message.

  • The number and the technical sophistication of your presentation aids should never overshadow your speech. Your presentation aid must deliver clear information, and it must not distract from the message.
  • Avoid overly elaborate presentation aids because they can distract the audience’s attention from your message. Instead, simplify as much as possible, emphasizing the information you want your audience to understand.

Technology: You will need to keep presentation aids within the limits of the working technology available to you.

  • Know the physical context of the room. Will there be a projector, computer with internet, and sound system? Knowing what is available will help you to plan effective aids.
  • Have a back up plan. Whether or not technology works on the day of your speech, you will still have to present. What will you do if the computer file containing your slides is corrupted? You must be prepared to adapt to an uncomfortable and scary situation.

It is an AID:  Presentation aids do not “speak for themselves.” You need to use it. Don’t think you can just show it and it makes the point you want it to make. If you do not use it, then it probably isn’t necessary.

  • When you display a visual aid, you should explain what it shows, pointing out and naming the most important features.
  • If you use an audio aid such as a musical excerpt, you need to tell your audience what to listen for.
  • If you use a video clip, it is up to you as the speaker to point out the characteristics in the video that support the point you are making.

Best Choice: Think about the purpose of your presentation aid (see above) to help you determine which is the best option.

What types of presentation aids can I use?

Now that you know why you are using a presentation aid, let’s look at your options.

In most careers in business, industry, and other professions for which students are preparing themselves, computer-based presentation aids are the norm today. Whether the context is a weekly department meeting in a small conference room or an annual convention in a huge amphitheater, speakers are expected to be comfortable with using slideshow software to create and display presentation aids.

Slides show design and theme should be consistent. It should be easy to read, free of clutter, and enhance your message. Below are several common slideshow software programs.

Name Website Price
Google Presentations Free
Harvard Graphics $
Keynote $
OpenOffice Impress Free
PowerPoint $
PrezentIt Free
Prezi Free/$
ThinkFree Show Free
Zoho Show Free

Slide Layout

Image depicting high and low contrast images

It is easy to simply open up your slideware and start typing in the bullet points that outline your talk. If you do this, you will likely fall into the traps for which PowerPoint is infamous. Presentation design experts Reynolds and Duarte both recommend starting with paper and pen. This will help you break away from the text-based, bullet-filled slide shows we all dread. Instead, consider how you can turn your words and concepts into images. Don’t let the software lead you into making a mediocre slide show.

Regarding slide design, focus on simplicity. Don’t over-crowd your slide with text and images. Cluttered slides are hard to understand (see Figure 3.1). Leaving empty space, also known as white space , gives breathing room to your design. The white space actually draws attention to your focus point and makes your slide appear more elegant and professional. Using repetition of color, font, images, and layout throughout your presentation will help tie all of your slides together. This is especially important if a group is putting visuals together collaboratively. If you have handouts, they should also match this formatting in order to convey a more professional look and tie all your pieces together.

Image depicting 'rule of thirds' dividing the image into nine quadrants

Another general principle is to use contrast to highlight your message. Contrast should not be subtle. Make type sizes significantly different. Make contrasting image placements, such as horizontal and vertical, glaringly obvious. A general principle to follow: if things are not the same, then make them very, very different, as in Figure 3.3.

A common layout design is called the  rule of thirds . If you divide the screen using two imaginary lines horizontally and two vertically, you end up with nine sections. The most visually interesting and pleasing portions of the screen will be at the points where the lines intersect.

Aligning your text and images with these points is preferred to centering everything on the screen. See Figure 3.4. Feel free to experiment with the right and left aligned content for contrast and interest. Sticking with a centered layout means more work trying to make the slide interesting.

Image depicting 'Z Pattern' in photography

Understanding how people view images (and thus slides) can help you direct the viewer’s attention to the main point of your slide. In countries that read text from left to right and top to bottom, like English-speaking countries, people tend to also read images and slides the same way. Starting in the upper left of the screen, they read in a  Z pattern , exiting the page in the bottom right corner unless their vision is side-tracked by the objects they are looking at (as in Figure 3.5).

Viewers’ eyes are scanning from focus point to focus point in an image, so you need to consciously create visual cues to direct them to the relevant information. Cues can be created subtly by the placement of objects in the slide, by showing movement, or more obviously by using a simple arrow. Make sure all people and pets are facing into your slide and preferably at your main point, as in Figure 3.6. If your slide contains a road, path, car, plane, etc., have them also facing into your slide. When the natural motion or gaze of your images points away from your slide, your viewers look that way too. Being aware of this and addressing the natural tendencies of people when viewing images can help you select images and design slides that keep the viewer engaged in your message.

Image depicting 'looking at' and 'looking away' from content within the image

Nothing is more hotly debated in slide design than the amount of text that should be on a slide. Godin says “no more than six words on a slide. EVER.” Other common approaches include the 5×5 rule — 5 lines of text, 5 words per line—and similar 6×6 and 7×7 rules. Even with these recommendations, it is still painfully common to see slides with so much text on them that they can’t be read by the audience. The type has to be so small to fit all the words on the slide that no one can read it. Duarte keenly points out that if you have too many words, you no longer have a visual aid. You have either a paper or a teleprompter, and she recommends opting for a small number of words.

Once you understand that the words on the screen are competing for your audience’s attention, it will be easier to edit your slide text down to a minimum. The next time you are watching a presentation and the slide changes, notice how you aren’t really grasping what the speaker is saying, and you also aren’t really understanding what you are reading. Studies have proved this split-attention affects our ability to retain information; so when presenting, you need to give your audience silent reading time when you display a new slide. That is: talk, advance to your next slide, wait for them to read the slide, and resume talking. If you consider how much time your audience is reading rather than listening, hopefully you will decide to reduce the text on your slide and return the focus back to you, the speaker, and your message.

There are several ways to reduce the number of words on your page, but don’t do it haphazardly. Tufte warns against abbreviating your message just to make it fit. He says this dumbs down your message, which does a disservice to your purpose and insults your audience’s intelligence. Instead, Duarte and Reynolds recommend turning as many concepts as possible into images. Studies have shown that people retain more information when they see images that relate to the words they are hearing. And when people are presented information for a very short time, they remember images better than words.

Image depicting two men standing in front of a mountain with the quote, "Government protection should be thrown around every wild grove and forest on the mountains."

The ubiquitous use of bulleted lists is also hotly debated. PowerPoint is practically designed around the bulleted-list format, even though is it regularly blamed for dull, tedious presentations with either overly dense or overly superficial content. Mostly this format is used (incorrectly) as a presenter’s outline. “ No one can do a good presentation with slide after slide of bullet points. No One. ” Reserve bulleted lists for specifications or explaining the order of processes. In all other cases, look for ways to use images, a short phrase, or even no visual at all.

Quotes, on the other hand, are not as offensive to design when they are short, legible, and infrequently used. They can be a very powerful way to hammer a point home or to launch into your next topic. See Figure 3.10 for an example. If you do use a quote in your slide show, immediately stop and read it out loud or allow time for it to be read silently. If the quote is important enough for you to include it in the talk, the quote deserves the audience’s time to read and think about it. Alternately, use a photo of the speaker or of the subject with a phrase from the quote you will be reading them, making the slide enhance the point of the quote.

Example of a pixelated image showing an obscured person

Images can be powerful and efficient ways to tap into your audience’s emotions. Use photographs to introduce an abstract idea, to evoke emotion, to present evidence, or to direct the audience attention, just make sure it is compatible with your message. Photos aren’t the only images available. You might consider using simplified images like  silhouettes ,  line art , diagrams, enlargements, or  exploded views , but these should be high quality and relevant. Simplified can be easier to understand, particularly if you are showing something that has a lot of detail. Simple images also translate better than words to a multicultural audience. In all cases, choose only images that enhance your spoken words and are professional-quality. This generally rules out the clip art that comes with slideware, whose use is a sign of amateurism. Select high-quality images and don’t be afraid to use your entire slide to display the image. Boldness with images often adds impact.

When using images, do not enlarge them to the point that the image becomes blurry, also known as  pixelation . Pixelation, (Figure 3.11) is caused when the resolution of your image is too low for your output device (e.g. printer, monitor, projector). When selecting images, look for clear ones that can be placed in your presentation without enlarging them. A good rule of thumb is to use images over 1,000 pixels wide for filling an entire slide. If your images begin to pixelate, either reduce the size of the image or select a different image.

Never use an image that has a  watermark on it, as in Figure 3.2. A watermark is text or a logo that is placed in a digital image to prevent people from re-using it. It is common for companies that sell images to have a preview available that has a watermark on it. This allows you, the potential customer, to see the image, but prevents you from using the image until you have paid for it. Using a watermarked image in your presentation is unprofessional. Select another image without a watermark, take a similar photo yourself, or pay to get the watermark-free version.

Image displaying a watermarked image

You can create images yourself, use free images, or pay for images from companies like iStockphoto for your presentations. Purchasing images can get expensive quickly, and searching for free images is time consuming. Be sure to only use images that you have permission or rights to use and give proper credit for their use. If you are looking for free images, try searching the  Creative Commons database  for images from places like Flickr, Google, and others. The creators of images with a  Creative Commons License  allow others to use their work, but with specific restrictions. What is and isn’t allowed is described in the license for each image. Generally, images can be used in educational or non-commercial settings at no cost as long as you give the photographer credit. Also, images created by the U.S. government and its agencies are copyright free and can be used at no cost.

One final consideration with using images: having the same image on every page, be it part of the slide background or your company logo, can be distracting and should be removed or minimized. As mentioned earlier, the more you can simplify your slide, the easier it will be for your message to be understood.

Backgrounds and Effects

PowerPoint and other slideware has a variety of templates containing backgrounds that are easy to implement for a consistent slide show. Most of them, however, contain distracting graphics that are counter to the simplicity you are aiming for in order to produce a clear message. It is best to use solid colors, if you even need a background at all. For some slide shows, you can make the slides with full-screen images, thus eliminating the need for a background color.

Graphic design is the paradise of individuality, eccentricity, heresy, abnormality, hobbies and humors. ~ George Santayana

Should you choose to use a background color, make sure you are consistent throughout your presentation. Different colors portray different meanings, but much of this is cultural and contextual, so there are few hard and fast rules about the meaning of colors. One universal recommendation is to avoid the color red because it has been shown to reduce your ability to think clearly. Bright colors, such as yellow, pink, and orange, should also be avoided as background colors, as they are too distracting. Black, on the other hand, is generally associated with sophistication and can be a very effective background as long as there is sufficient contrast with the other elements on your slide.

When designing your presentation, it is tempting to show off your tech skills with glitzy transitions, wipes, fades, moving text, sounds, and a variety of other actions. These are distracting to your audience and should be avoided. They draw attention away from you and your message, instead focusing the audience’s attention on the screen. Since people naturally look at what is moving and expect it to mean something, meaningless effects, no matter how subtle, distract your audience, and affect their ability to grasp the content. Make sure that all your changes are meaningful and reinforce your message.

Graphs and Charts

Image depicting various chart types, from complex to simple

If you have numerical data that you want to present, consider using a graph or chart. You are trying to make a specific point with the data on the slide, so make sure that the point—the conclusion you want your audience to draw — is clear. This may mean that you reduce the amount of data you present, even though it is tempting to include all of your data on your slide.

It is best to minimize the amount of information and focus instead on the simple and clear conclusion. You can include the complete data set in your handout if you feel it is necessary. Particularly when it comes to numerical data, identify the meaning in the numbers and exclude the rest. “Audiences are screaming ‘make it clear,’ not ‘cram more in.’ You won’t often hear an audience member say, ‘That presentation would have been so much better if it were longer.” In some cases you can even ditch the graph altogether and display the one relevant fact that is your conclusion.

Different charts have different purposes, and it is important to select the one that puts your data in the appropriate context to be clearly understood. Pie charts show how the parts relate to the whole and are suitable for up to eight segments, as long as they remain visually distinct. Start your first slice of the pie at 12:00 with your smallest portion and continue around the circle clockwise as the sections increase in size. Use a line graph to show trends over time or how data relates or interacts. Bar charts are good for showing comparisons of size or magnitude and for showing precise comparisons. There are other types of charts and graphs available, but these are the most common.

Image depicting chart type, from pie to bar

When designing charts, one should use easily distinguishable colors with clear labels. Be consistent with your colors and data groupings. For clarity, avoid using 3-D graphs and charts, and remove as much of the background noise (lines, shading, etc.) as possible. All components of your graph, once the clutter is removed, should be distinct from any background color. Finally, don’t get too complex in any one graph, make sure your message is as clear as possible, and make sure to visually highlight the conclusion you want the audience to draw.

A chart is commonly defined as a graphical representation of data (often numerical) or a sketch representing an ordered process. A chart can take the form of a diagram or a picture or a graph.

A decision tree is one example of a chart. Decision trees are useful for showing the relationships between ideas. The below example shows how a decision tree could be used to determine the appropriate weather for playing baseball. As with the other types of charts, you want to be sure that the information in the chart is relevant to the purpose of your speech and that each question and decision is clearly labeled.

To Play or Not to Play

Wikimedia Commons  – public domain.

A graph is considered a type of chart illustrating a pictorial representation of the relationships of quantitative data using dots, lines, bars, pie slices, and the like. Graphs show the variation in one variable in comparison with that of one or more other variables. Where a statistical chart may report the mean ages of individuals entering college, a graph would show how the mean age changes over time. A statistical chart may report the number of computers sold in the United States, while a graph will show the breakdown of those computers by operating systems such as Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. Public speakers can show graphs using a range of different formats. Some of those formats are specialized for various professional fields. Very complex graphs often contain too much information that is not related to the purpose of a student’s speech. If the graph is cluttered, it becomes difficult to comprehend.

In this section, we’re going to analyze the common graphs speakers utilize in their speeches: line graphs, bar graphs, and pie graphs.

Enron's Stock Price has plummeted from August of 2000 to December of 2001

A line graph is designed to show trends over time. The example to the left depicts the fall of Enron’s stock price from August 2000 to January 2002. Notice that although it has some steep rises, the line has an overall downward trend clearly depicting the plummeting of Enron’s stock price. Showing such a line graph helps the audience see the relationships between the numbers, and audiences can understand the information by seeing the graph much more easily than they could if the speaker just read the numbers aloud.

Natural Death vs. Homicide Bar Graph

Bar graphs are useful for showing the differences between quantities. They can be used for population demographics, fuel costs, math ability in different grades, and many other kinds of data.

The graph to the right is well designed. It is relatively simple and is carefully labeled, making it easy for you to guide your audience through the quantities of each type of death. The bar graph is designed to show the difference between natural deaths and homicides across various age groups. When you look at the data, the first grouping clearly shows that eighteen- to twenty-four-year-olds are more likely to die because of homicide than any of the other age groups.

Pie graphs should be simplified as much as possible without eliminating important information. As with other graphs, the sections of the pie need to be plotted proportionally. In the pie graph shown, we see a clear and proportional chart that has been color-coded. Color-coding is useful when it’s difficult to fit the explanations in the actual sections of the graph; in that case, you need to include a legend, or key, to indicate what the colors in the graph mean. In this graph, audience members can see very quickly that falls are the primary reason children receive concussions.

Causes of Concussions in Children. 44.5% Fall, 22.9% struck by object, 17.2% collision, 11.1% struck by person, 3.1% assault, 1.2% unknown

In the world of presentation aids, representations are designed to represent real processes or objects. Often, speakers want to visually demonstrate something that they cannot physically bring with them to the speech. Maybe you’re giving a speech on the human brain, and you just don’t have access to a cadaver’s brain. Instead of bringing in a real brain, you could use a picture of a brain or an image that represents the human brain. In this section, we’re going to explore four common representations: diagrams, maps, photographs, and video or recordings.

The human eye

Diagrams are drawings or sketches that outline and explain the parts of an object, process, or phenomenon that cannot be readily seen. When you use a diagram, be sure to explain each part of the phenomenon, paying special attention to elements that are complicated or prone to misunderstanding. In the example shown, you might wish to highlight that the light stimulus is reversed when it is processed through the brain or that the optic nerve is not a single stalk as many people think.

African Map with Nigerian Emphasis

Maps are extremely useful if the information is clear and limited. There are all kinds of maps, including population, weather, ocean current, political, and economic maps, but you should be able to find the right kind for the purpose of your speech. Choose a map that emphasizes the information you need to deliver.

The African Map with Nigerian Emphasis is simple, showing clearly the geographic location of Nigeria. This can be extremely valuable for some audiences who might not be able to name and locate countries on the continent of Africa. The Road Island map emphasizes the complicated configuration of islands and waterways that characterize this state’s geography. Although the map does not list the names of the islands, it is helpful in orienting the audience to the direction and distance of the islands to other geographic features, such as the city of Providence and the Atlantic Ocean.

Photographs and Drawings

Wigwams in a parking lot

Sometimes a photograph or a drawing is the best way to show an unfamiliar but important detail. The first photograph is of a wigwam – a living dwelling used by Native Americans in the North East. In this photograph you can see the curved birchbark exterior, which makes this dwelling ideal for a variety of weather conditions. The photograph of the tall ship emphasizes the sheer amount and complexity of the ship’s rigging.

Video or Audio Recordings

Another very useful type of presentation aid is a video or audio recording. Whether it is a short video from a website such as YouTube or Vimeo, a segment from a song, or a piece of a podcast, a well-chosen video or audio recording may be a good choice to enhance your speech.

Imagine, for example, that you’re giving a speech on how “Lap-Band” surgeries help people lose weight. One of the sections of your speech could explain how the Lap-Band works, so you could easily show the following forty-three-second video to demonstrate the medical part of the surgery.

Or maybe you are talking about Midevil Folkrock Songs and want to play a short clip for the audience so they have an idea of what the music sounds like.

There is one major caveat to using audio and video clips during a speech: do not forget that they are supposed to be aids to your speech, not the speech itself! In addition, be sure to avoid these three mistakes that speakers often make when using audio and video clips:

  • Avoid choosing clips that are too long for the overall length of the speech. If you are giving a five-minute speech, then any audio or video clip you use should be thirty seconds or under in length.
  • Don’t fail to practice with the audio or video equipment prior to speaking. If you are unfamiliar with the equipment, you’ll look foolish trying to figure out how it works. This fiddling around will not only take your audience out of your speech but also have a negative impact on your credibility.
  • Don’t fail to cue the clip to the appropriate place prior to beginning your speech. You will need to forward through any advertisements and/or previous parts of the video so that when you press play you begin exactly where you want your audience to start watching.

Objects or Models

Objects and models are other forms of presentation aid that can be very helpful in getting your audience to understand your message. Objects are anything you could hold up and talk about during your speech. If you’re talking about the importance of not using plastic water bottles, you might hold up a plastic water bottle and a stainless steel water bottle as examples. If you’re talking about the percussion family of musical instruments and you own (and can play) several different percussion instruments, you can show your audience in person what they look like and how they sound.

Models are re-creations of physical objects that you cannot have readily available with you during a speech. If you’re giving a speech on heart murmurs, you may be able to show how heart murmurs work by holding up a model of the human heart.

When giving a speech on a topic relating to animals, it is often tempting to bring an animal to serve as your presentation aid. While this can sometimes add a very engaging dimension to the speech, it carries some serious risks that you need to consider.

Unpredictable behavior: You may think this won’t be a problem if your presentation aid animal is small enough to be kept confined throughout your speech—for example, a goldfish in a bowl or a lizard or bird in a cage. However, even caged animals can be very distracting to your audience if they run about, chirp, or exhibit other agitated behavior. The chances are great that an animal will react to the stress of an unfamiliar situation by displaying behavior that does not contribute positively to your speech.

Negative response:  In addition to common fears and aversions to animals like snakes, spiders, and mice, many people have allergies to various animals.

Restrictions: Some locations may have regulations about bringing animals onto the premises. If animals are allowed, the person bringing the animal may be required to bring a veterinary certificate or may be legally responsible for any damage caused by the animal.

Before you decide to use an animal, ask yourself if you could make your point equally well with a picture, model, diagram, or other representation of the animal in question.

People can be helpful to demonstrate things such as dance or yoga moves or procedures such as first aid. A few considerations if you decide this is your best option: 

  • You should arrange ahead of time for a person (or persons) to be an effective aid—do not assume that an audience member will volunteer on the spot. If you plan to demonstrate how to immobilize a broken bone, your volunteer must know ahead of time that you will touch him or her as much as necessary to splint their foot.
  • Discuss how they should dress. You want them to arrive dressed presentably and ensure they will not draw attention away from your message through their appearance or behavior. 
  • The transaction between you and your human presentation aid must be appropriate, especially if you are going to demonstrate something like a dance step. Use your absolute best judgment about behavior, and make sure that your human presentation aid understands this dimension of the task.

Dry-Erase Board

Typically, these speakers use the chalk or dry-erase board for interactive components of a speech. For example, maybe you’re giving a speech in front of a group of executives. You may have a PowerPoint all prepared, but at various points in your speech, you want to get your audience’s responses. Chalk or dry-erase boards are very useful when you want to visually show information that you are receiving from your audience. If you use a dry-erase board, follow these three simple rules:

  • Write large enough so that everyone in the room can see.
  • Print legibly; don’t write in cursive script.
  • Write short phrases; don’t take time to write complete sentences.

A flipchart is useful when you’re trying to convey change over a number of steps. For instance, you could use a prepared flipchart to show dramatic population shifts on maps. In such a case, you should prepare highly visible, identical maps on three of the pages so that only the data will change from page to page. Each page should be neatly titled, and you should actively point out the areas of change on each page. You could also use a flip chart to show stages in the growth and development of the malaria-bearing mosquito. Again, you should label each page, making an effort to give the pages a consistent look.

Organize your flip chart in such a way that you flip pages in one direction only, front to back. It will be difficult to flip large pages without damaging them, and if you also have to “back up” and “skip forward,” your presentation will look awkward and disorganized. Pages will get damaged, and your audience will be able to hear each rip.

In addition, most flip charts need to be propped up on an easel of some sort. If you arrive for your speech only to find that the easel in the classroom has disappeared, you will need to rig up another system that allows you to flip the pages.

Poster or Foam Board

Foam board consists of a thin sheet of Styrofoam with heavy paper bonded to both surfaces. It is a lightweight, inexpensive foundation for information, and it will stand on its own when placed in an easel without curling under the bottom edge. Poster board tends to be cheaper than foam board, but it is flimsier, more vulnerable to damage, and can’t stand on its own.

If you plan to paste labels or paragraphs of text to foam or poster board, for a professional look you should make sure the color of the poster board matches the color of the paper you will paste on. You will also want to choose a color that allows for easy visual contrast so your audience can see it, and it must be a color that’s appropriate for the topic. For instance, hot pink would be the wrong color on a poster for a speech about the Protestant Reformation.

Avoid producing a presentation aid that looks like you simply cut pictures out of magazines and pasted them on. Slapping some text and images on a board looks unprofessional and will not be viewed as credible or effective. Instead, when creating a poster you need to take the time to think about how you are going to lay out your aid and make it look professional. You do not have to spend lots of money to make a very sleek and professional-looking poster.

Some schools also have access to expensive, full-color poster printers where you can create a large poster for pasting on a foam board. In the real world of public speaking, most speakers rely on the creation of professional posters using a full-color poster printer. Typically, posters are sketched out and then designed on a computer using a program like Microsoft PowerPoint or Publisher (these both have the option of selecting the size of the printed area).

Handouts are appropriate for delivering information that audience members can take away with them. However, they require a great deal of management if they are to contribute to your credibility as a speaker.

Considerations for handouts:

  • Bring enough copies of the handout for each audience member to get one. Having to share or look on with one’s neighbor does not contribute to a professional image. Under no circumstances should you ever provide a single copy of a handout to pass around. There are several reasons this is a bad idea. You will have no control over the speed at which it circulates or the direction it goes. Moreover, only one listener will be holding it while you’re making your point about it and by the time most people see it, they will have forgotten why they need to see it. In some cases, it might not even reach everybody by the end of your speech. Finally, listeners could still be passing your handout around during the next speaker’s speech.
  • There are three possible times to distribute handouts: before you begin your speech, during the speech, and after your speech is over. Naturally, if you need your listeners to follow along with a handout, you will need to distribute it before your speech begins. If you have access to the room ahead of time, place a copy of the handout on each seat in the audience. If not, ask a volunteer to distribute them as quickly as possible while you prepare to begin speaking. If the handout is a “takeaway,” leave it on a table near the door so that those audience members who are interested can take one on their way out; in this case, don’t forget to tell them to do so as you conclude your speech. It is almost never appropriate to distribute handouts during your speech, as it is distracting and interrupts the pace of your presentation.
  • Handouts should include only the necessary information to support your points, and that information should be organized in such a way that listeners will be able to understand it. For example, in a speech about how new health care legislation will affect small business owners in your state, a good handout might summarize key effects of the legislation and include the names of state agencies with their web addresses where audience members can request more detailed information.
  • If your handout is designed for your audience to follow along, you should tell them so. State that you will be referring to specific information during the speech. Then, as you’re presenting your speech, ask your audience to look, for example, at the second line in the first cluster of information. Read that line out loud and then go on to explain its meaning.
  • Handouts are not a substitute for a well-prepared speech. Ask yourself what information your audience really needs to be able to take with them and how it can be presented on the page in the most useful and engaging way possible.

Pro Tips for Preparing and Using Presentation Aids

  • Use text only when you must .
  • Carefully limit the amount of text on a presentation aid – less is more. Other than direct quotes, you should only have keywords.
  • Do not use “fancy” font. Keep it simple and readable.
  • The type must be big, simple, and bold with white space around it to separate it from another graphic element or cluster of text that might be on the same presentation aid.
  • When you display text, refer to it as you are speaking.
  • Under no circumstances should you merely read what’s on your text aids and consider that a speech.
  • Graphic elements in your presentation aids must be large enough to be seen by the entire audience.
  • You should cite your source with an added caption.
  • On a poster or a slide, a graphic element should take up about a third of the area. This leaves room for a small amount of text, rendered in a large, simple font. The textual elements should be located closest to the part of your graphic element they refer to.

Additional tips for Slides: 

  • Color is very important and can definitely make a strong impact on an audience. However, don’t go overboard or decide to use unappealing combinations of color. For example, you should never use a light font color (like yellow) on a solid white background because it’s hard for the eye to read.
  • While colors may be rich and vibrant on your computer screen at home, they may be distorted by a different monitor. Check your presentation out on multiple computers to see if the slide color is being distorted in a way that makes it hard to read.
  • Avoid animation – this can be distracting unless it is relevant to the speech content.

In general: 

  • It is vital to practice with your presentation aids. 
  • Always have a back up plan. The show must go on. Decide in advance what you will do if your visual is not accessible or does not work the way you planned.
  • You should always arrive at least fifteen minutes ahead of your scheduled speaking time to test the equipment. As the speaker, you are responsible for arranging the things you need to make your presentation aids work as intended. Good speakers carry a roll of duct tape so they can display your poster even if the easel is gone and always have a back up virtual presentation copy – just in case. The more sophisticated the equipment is, the more you should be prepared with an alternative, even in a “smart classroom.”
  • What you choose should be easily seen and heard by your audience.
  • You should be able to easily handle your presentation aid.

Key Takeaways

  • Presentation aids must be organized and simple.
  • Presentation aids are supposed to aid a speech, not become the speech itself.
  • When presentation aids look unprofessional, they can decrease a speaker’s credibility.
  • Always practice with your presentation aids, and be prepared for unexpected problems.
  • Each presentation aid vehicle has advantages and disadvantages. As such, speakers need to think through the use of visual aids and select the most appropriate ones for their individual speeches.
  • Every presentation aid should be created with careful attention to content and appearance.

Association for Psychological Science. (2011, May 28). Miracle fruit and flavor: An experiment performed at APS 2010 [Video file]. Retrieved from  http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/obsonline/miracle-fruit-and-flavor-an-experiment-performed-at-aps-2010.html

Lauer, D. A., & Pentak, S. (2000).  Design basics  (5th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publishers.

Lockard, J., & Sidowski, J. R. (1961). Learning in fourth and sixth graders as a function of sensory mode of stimulus presentation and overt or covert practice.  Journal of Educational Psychology, 52 (5), 262–265. doi: 10.1037/h0043483

Macworld. (2010, June 7). WWDC: Steve Jobs’ iPhone 4 launch glitches [Video file]. Retrieved from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoqh27E6OuU

Stoner, M. (2007). Uncovering the powers within PowerPoint.  Communication Currents ,  2 (4). Retrieved from  http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=819

Licenses and Attributions

  • Chapter 3 Design Principles. Authored by : Sheila Kasperek, MLIS, MSIT.  Provided by : Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA.  Located at :  http://publicspeakingproject.org/psvirtualtext.html .  Project : The Public Speaking Project.  License :  CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
  • Figures 3.1-3.14 (3.1-3.14). Authored by : Sheila Kasperek and Tom Oswald .  Located at :  http://publicspeakingproject.org/psvirtualtext.html .  Project : The Public Speaking Project.  License :  CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives

Public Speaking Copyright © by Dr. Layne Goodman; Amber Green, M.A.; and Various is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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IMAGES

  1. Unit 35: Visual Aids

    presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

  2. 10 Presentation Aids To Enhance Your Presentation

    presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

  3. Presentation Aids by on Prezi

    presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

  4. 9 Presentation Aids to Use to Make Your Presentation Stand Out

    presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

  5. Types of Presentation Aids

    presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

  6. How to Use Visual Aids for Presentations & Training Sessions -Vibe

    presentation aids and materials available to support presentations

COMMENTS

  1. 7 Types of Presentation Aids for Public Speaking

    Key Takeaways. Diverse Tools for Engagement: Different types of presentation aids, including images, graphs, diagrams, maps, audio and video aids, handouts, and demonstrations, enhance engagement by targeting various senses and learning styles and helping the audience to understand your message. Enhanced Comprehension: Aids simplify complex ...

  2. 10 Presentation Aids To Enhance Your Presentation

    2 - Visual Aids, Audio And Video Clips. At a minimum, you should have at least one of the following presentation aids - imagery, audio or video. Imagery can be more than just a photo. Imagery encompasses your slide deck, the color theory you use such as brand colors, how you embellish quotes and more.

  3. Presentation Aids

    The type of presentation aids speakers most typically use are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech excerpts, and sound effects. A speaker may also use fragrance samples or food samples as olfactory (smell) or gustatory (taste) aids.

  4. Presentation Aids

    Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: slideshows, pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio ...

  5. 10 Presentation Aids to Use to Make Your Speech Stand Out

    10. Models and Props. Models and props are physical objects that you can hold in your hands while explaining a specific topic verbally. Nearly anything can be a prop: a water bottle, a globe, a model car, etc. These visual aids provide a multi-sensory experience and act as memorable and powerful metaphors.

  6. 15.2 Types of Presentation Aids

    Representations are presentation aids designed to represent a real process or object. Commonly used representations in public speaking include diagrams, maps, photographs, and video or audio recordings. Objects are physical items that can be held up and used during a speech.

  7. Presentation Aids: A Guide for Better Slide Design

    Slide presentation software, such as PowerPoint, Prezi, and Google Slide, is commonly used by speakers. A slideshow consists of slides containing words, images, or a blend of both, serving as a primary presentation aid [1]. Slide and slide-show design has a greater impact on the effectiveness of conveying a message to the audience.

  8. Presentation Aids

    Presentation aids can help clarify a message if the information is complex or if the point being made is a visual one. If your speech is about the impact of the Coriolis Effect on tropical storms, for instance, you will have great difficulty clarifying it without a diagram because the process is a complex one.

  9. 10 Best Visual Aids to Drive Home Your Presentation

    Even better, with virtual meetings now the go-to way to conduct a presentation, many video conferencing software contains virtual whiteboards. 7. Posters and boards. If you go to a scientific conference, posters are the primary way to present. When big and visually engaging, they can help introduce an idea.

  10. Presentation Aids

    Types of Presentation Aids. Good presentation aids appeal to the five senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. The most common type of presentation aid that speakers use are visual aids, ones that the audience can see. Things like pictures, diagrams, charts, graphs, and maps are types of visual aids. These visual aids can be in a physical ...

  11. Using visual aids during a presentation or training session

    Visual aids must be clear, concise and of a high quality. Use graphs and charts to present data. The audience should not be trying to read and listen at the same time - use visual aids to highlight your points. One message per visual aid, for example, on a slide there should only be one key point.

  12. 15.1 Functions of Presentation Aids

    Presentation aids should help audiences more thoroughly understand a speaker's basic message. There are four basic reasons to use presentation aids. First, they increase audience understanding of a speaker's message. Second, they help audiences retain and recall a speaker's message after the fact. Third, they make a speech more ...

  13. Working with Visual Aids

    Visual aids are an important part of presentations. They can help to keep your audience engaged, make your point for you—there is a reason why people say that a picture tells a thousand words—and remind you what you want to say. However, you can also take them too far. If good use of visual aids can make a presentation, poor use can ruin it.

  14. 15.4 Tips for Preparing Presentation Aids

    Presentation aids must be organized and simple. The universal principles of good design can be a useful guide. Material in presentation aids must be limited in quantity. Remember, presentation aids are supposed to aid a speech, not become the speech itself. Presentation aids must visually look like they were designed as a set.

  15. Designing Effective Presentation Materials

    Depending on the type of presentation and delivery technologies available, you will have to select appropriate presentation tools or audio-visual aids to deliver your presentation. The audio-visual aids in general can be presentation slides, audio (music, sounds, narration), video clips, real or scaled objects, etc.

  16. Chapter 11 Presentation Aids: Design and Usage

    This is the role of presentation aids. Presentation aids, sometimes also called sensory aids, are the resources beyond the speech itself that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the ...

  17. Ace your presentation with these 6 different presentation aids

    We've pulled together some clever suggestions for presentation aids below. 1. Perform a demonstration. When thinking of presentation aids, slides are often the first thing to jump into people's minds. And, without a doubt, they definitely have their time and place. However, don't hesitate to think outside the box (or, in this case, the ...

  18. Chapter 12: Presentation Aids

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: identify the importance of using presentation aids. describe the types of presentation aids used for public speaking. examine the methods for effectively creating presentation aids. list the guidelines for using presentation aids effectively. Figure 12.1: Katherine Maher 1.

  19. Visual Aids In Presentations: The Complete Guide

    A visual aid is any material that gives shape and form to words or thoughts. Types of visual aids include physical samples, models, handouts, pictures, videos, infographics, etc. Visual aids have come a long way, including digital tools such as overhead projectors, PowerPoint presentations, and interactive boards.

  20. Presentation Aids

    Introduction. Presentations can be enhanced by the effective use of visual aids. These include handouts, overhead transparencies, drawings on the whiteboard, PowerPoint slides, and many other types of props. Once you have chosen a topic, consider how you are going to show your audience what you are talking about.

  21. 13.1 What are Presentation Aids?

    Presentation aids are the resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience. The type of presentation aids that speakers most typically make use of are visual aids: pictures, diagrams, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. Audible aids include musical excerpts, audio speech ...

  22. Presentation Aids

    Presentation aids must be organized and simple. Presentation aids are supposed to aid a speech, not become the speech itself. When presentation aids look unprofessional, they can decrease a speaker's credibility. Always practice with your presentation aids, and be prepared for unexpected problems.