what is dhcp static ip assignment

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DHCP vs Static IP: Which One Is Better?

Nowadays, most networking devices such as routers or network switches use IP protocol as the standard to communicate over the network. In the IP protocol, each device on a network has a unique identifier that is called IP address. The easiest method of achieving this was configuring a fixed IP address or static IP address. Since there are limitations to static IP, some administrators seek to use dynamic IP instead. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices that are connected to the network. So DHCP vs static IP, what's the difference?

What Is a Static IP Address?

A static IP address is an address that is permanently assigned to your network devices by your ISP, and does not change even if your device reboots. Simply put, a static IP address is an IP address that does not change, like having a permanently fixed home address. This offers several advantages, such as simplifying network management, providing better reliability for services that require a stable IP, and avoiding problems that often occur with IP changes. However, precisely because the IP addresses are constant, they are more susceptible to hacking.

A typical example of using static IP address is web server. From the Window on your computer, go to START -> RUN -> type "cmd" -> OK. Then type "ping www.google.com" on the Command Window, the interface will pop up as you can see below. The four-byte number 74.125.127.147 is the current IP for www.google.com. If it is a static IP, you would be able to connect Google at any time by using this static IP address in the web browser if you want to visit Google.

What Is DHCP?

What is in contrast with the static IP address is the dynamic IP address. They are temporary and change every time you connect, similar to having a new home address each time. To create a dynamic IP address, the network must have a DHCP server configured and running.

As previously descrbed in the article " DHCP and DNS: What Are They, What’s Their Difference? ", DHCP is a network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to network devices.

When a device connects to the network, the DHCP server automatically assigns it an available IP address from a predefined range, ensuring efficient IP address utilization and minimizing administrative overhead.

Proper IP addressing is essential for establishing communications among devices on a network. Then DHCP vs static IP, which one is better? This part will discuss it.

A static IP address assigns a fixed IP address to a network device, ensuring that it always has the same IP address. This is particularly beneficial for devices that require consistent and reliable connectivity, such as servers, printers, or mission-critical applications. However, network administrators must meticulously track each device with a static IP to prevent IP address conflicts. And since static IP address requires manual configurations, it can create network issues if you use it without a good understanding of TCP/IP.

DHCP is a protocol for automating the task of assigning IP addresses, which not only reduces the time it takes to configure and deploy devices, but also reduces the likelihood of configuration errors. This makes it ideal for environments where devices frequently join or leave the network, such as corporate offices or public Wi-Fi setups. Furthermore, DHCP is more cost-effective and requires less maintenance than static IP addresses.

How to Choose Between DHCP and Static IP

Now that you have a clear comparison of DHCP vs. static IP, here are some guidelines to help you decide which is more suitable for your network needs:

Assess Network Requirements:

- If you have a large network with many devices frequently connecting and disconnecting, DHCP is your best bet.

- For small networks with critical devices needing constant access, static IP offer better reliability.

Consider the Role of Devices:

- Assign static IP addresses to servers, printers, and other critical devices that require consistent access.

- Use DHCP for user devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets, which benefit from dynamic IP assignments.

Future-Proof Your Network:

- If you expect your network to grow or undergo significant changes, DHCP provides the necessary flexibility.

- For stable environments that need consistent device addresses, static IP is the way to go.

By considering these factors, you can choose the method that best meets the needs of your network. Whether you are considering DHCP or static IP, having the right network equipment is critical. Whether opting for DHCP or static IP, having the right network equipment is crucial, and PicOS® switches excel in this regard. For example, the S5810-48TS-P supports DHCP, providing you with error-free network configurations, ensuring optimal network performance and ensuring seamless network management.

After comparing DHCP vs static IP, it is undoubtedly that DHCP is the more popular option for most users as they are easier and cheaper to deploy. Having a static IP and guessing which IP address is available is really bothersome and time-consuming, especially for those who are not familiar with the process. However, static IP is still in demand and useful if you host a website from home, have a file server in your network, use networked printers, or if you use a remote access program. Because a static IP address never changes so that other devices can always know exactly how to contact a device that utilizes a static IP.

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) vs Static IP Assignment

The two different approaches of network configuration to manage IP addresses for devices are DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and Static IP Assignment which you can use to configure computer networks and to assign IP addresses to devices on a network are the focus. A distinctive feature of DHCP is the automated assignment of IP addresses dynamically, while Static IPs do it the other way around, which means they do not assign fixed IP addresses manually. Being knowledgeable about the dissimilarities in methodologies is just like proficiency in network administration as meeting the unique needs of networking infrastructure.

Primary Terminologies

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): A network protocol that automates the allocation of IP address(es) to devices in a network and improves the IP address management processes.
• Static IP Assignment: Static IP addressing for gadgets and deployment of such addresses all over the network to avoid dynamic addressing sometimes.
• IP Address: It is a unique numeric code assigned to any device that is connected to a network which is used to communicate between the devices and to identify themselves.
• Network Management: The activity of controlling and maintaining IP address allocation and configuration.
• Configuration Complexity: The complexity and amount of labor that are involved in the task of IP address assignment within a network.
• Resource Usage: It is used to implement better IP address utilization, and IPv4 wasting is a possibility if not handled appropriately.
• Device Identification: To specifically characterize the devices according to their IP addresses allows effective network administration and resolving problems.
• IP Address Ownership: The system of IP addresses being either assigned temporarily by a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server or permanently assigned on the basis of the ownership of the separate devices.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables automatic assignment of IP addresses (and other network configuring information) to devices being accessed on the network. The function of DHCP is to simplify IP address management processes as it allows the automatic allocation of addresses to devices when they connect to the network. In this merging of the IP address allocation makes the process more efficient and relieves you from the pain of assigning addresses manually to all devices.

Example: An office network provided with a DHCP server allot an IP address automatically to the new laptop joining the network. This intelligent allocation mechanism, the last device recognizes new onboarding process is easier.

Step-by-Step Process: DHCP

• The device communicated through the network.
• DHCP client transmits a data packet that is broadcast to receive an IP address.
• The DHCP server is subsequently given the address request and it gives an available IP address.
• The client signs off on the terms and inputs the IP address.
• DHCP server assigns IP to the client in addition to other config network information (subnet mask, default gateway, DNS servers, etc.)
• The client will be provided with the network prefix so that he can use it for network communication until the lease expires or the device disconnects from the network.

Static IP Assignment

DHCP is used to temporarily assign IP addresses while the static IP assignment is about the manual configuration of a dedicated IP for each device on the network. In contrast to the DHCP in which IP addresses change over time or sometimes differently, the static IP assignments make it possible to always use the same IP address for one device. Such a technique is employed in instances of network elements such as servers, printers, and other network infrastructure devices that require wire addresses.

Example: A network printer is assigned a static IP address just to ensure that its address does not change which it happens to be a very critical component because that is what enables other devices to communicate and collaborate with ease.

Step-by-Step Process: Static IP Assignment

• In network administration, a particular IP address is assigned by hand to a device.
• The device can now use this single fixed IP address to communicate with the network every time, providing reliability and predictability.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) vs Static IP Assignment – FAQs

What is the main difference between dhcp and static ip assignment.

DHCP provides dynamic IP address assignment, although Static IP Assignment requires implementing hard-coded static IP addresses for devices.

Which method offers more flexibility in IP address management?

DHCP provides simplicity and reliability in IP management while in case with the static IP address each machine gets the fixed and predictive IP address.

Is DHCP or Static IP Assignment better for large networks?

DHCP is common among larger networks since it can easily scale and has less complicated configuration.

Can DHCP and Static IP Assignment coexist in the same network?

Definitely, a network is always a collection of DHCP-assigned addresses and statically assigned addresses which are needed for particular devices on the network.

Do Static IP Assignments pose security risks?

Static IP Assignments is capable of affording more access to IP addresses usage and control, however, if not handled cautiously, it can expose machines to foreign IP addresses and other vulnerabilities.

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Static IP vs DHCP: Understanding the Key Differences

What is the difference between static and dynamic ip addresses.

Static IP addresses are manually assigned to a device and remain constant until they are manually altered. They offer the advantage of reliable and predictable communication between devices on a network, which makes them essential for servers or network devices that need consistent addressing. Contrastingly, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or dynamic IP addresses are automatically assigned by a network server and can change over time. They are typically used for client devices such as laptops and smartphones, offering the advantage of flexibility and more accessible network management as new devices can join the network and obtain an IP address without manual configuration.

Exploring the concept of dynamic IP addresses

Dynamic IP addresses are governed by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This protocol automates the process of assigning, reassigning, and creating IP addresses. Let’s explore some key aspects of dynamic IP addresses:

• Automated Management : DHCP manages the pool of IP addresses within a network automatically. It assigns an available IP address from the pool to a device when it joins the network, reducing the administrative burden of manual allocation.
• Flexibility : Dynamic IPs offer flexibility, especially in environments where devices frequently connect and disconnect from the network. Each time a device disconnects from the web, its IP address can be returned to the pool and reassigned to a new appliance.
• Cost-effective : Dynamic IP addresses require less administrative effort and fewer resources to manage, making them a cost-effective solution for large networks.
• Limited Network Footprint : Since dynamic IP addresses can be reassigned, they ensure a minimal network footprint. This is particularly beneficial in environments with more devices than available IP addresses.
• Temporary Assignments : Dynamic IPs are often assigned on a lease basis, with the device holding the IP address for a specific period. Once the lease expires, the device can either renew its lease or receive a new IP address.

Remember, while dynamic IP addresses offer numerous benefits, they may not be suitable for all devices or situations. They can change at any time, which can create problems for devices or services that rely on a constant IP address for correct operation.

Understanding the benefits of static IP addresses

Static IP addresses, in contrast to dynamic IP addresses, are permanent Internet addresses that remain consistent over time. Here’s a rundown of some of the critical benefits they provide:

• Reliability for Hosting : Static IPs provide stability for internet hosting, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), and other online services. Since the IP address doesn’t change, other devices always know how to connect to the device that uses the static IP.
• Predictable Remote Access : With a static IP, remote access to computer systems (like a home security system) becomes more reliable. You can connect to a system remotely without worry that the address may change, disrupting the connection.
• Required for Certain Applications : Some advanced applications and services (such as VPN servers, email servers, or FTP servers) require a static IP to function correctly.
• Improved Geolocation Accuracy : Because static IPs are more accessible to geolocate, they tend to offer more accurate location services than dynamic IPs.
• No Downtime : Static IPs eliminate the downtime that can occur on dynamic IPs when the IP address changes.

However, it’s important to note that while static IP addresses present numerous advantages, they might not be the best choice for all use cases. They can present security risks (since the IP address is always the same, it’s easier for potential attackers to target the system) and generally require a higher level of technical understanding to configure correctly.

Can dynamic and static IP addresses be used together?

Yes, dynamic and static IP addresses can be used together in the same network. This is commonly seen in business networks where specific systems like servers , printers, or devices that require remote access are assigned static IP addresses for consistent connectivity. In contrast, other appliances like laptops or mobile devices are set dynamic IP addresses. This hybrid approach combines the reliability of static IPs with the flexibility and ease of management offered by dynamic IP addresses, making it a viable and often preferred option for many network administrators.

How to assign a static IP address to a network device

Setting a static IP address to a network device involves several steps and can vary depending on the specific device and network setup. Here’s a general process to follow:

• Access the Device’s Settings : The first step is to access the device’s network settings. This is usually done through a web interface or a settings menu on the device itself.
• Find the Network or IP Settings : Once in the device’s settings, look for a section labeled “Network settings,” “IP settings,” or something similar. This is where you’ll change the device’s IP address.
• Change to a Static IP : Within the network or IP settings, there should be an option to switch from dynamic (DHCP) to static IP addressing. Select this option.
• Enter the Static IP Address : You will then need to enter the new static IP address. It’s essential to choose an IP address that is within your network’s IP range but is not currently in use by another device.
• Save and Restart : After entering the new IP address, save the changes and restart the device for the changes to take effect.

Remember, assigning a static IP address should be done carefully to avoid IP address conflicts. Always ensure the chosen IP address is unique to each device within the network. Also, consider consulting with a network administrator or IT professional if you’re unsure about any step in the process.

When to use DHCP instead of assigning static IPs

DHCP is recommended over static IP assignment in scenarios involving device mobility, such as workplaces with BYOD policies or public Wi-Fi hotspots. DHCP automates IP address allocation, simplifying network management. However, for devices requiring consistent IP addresses, static assignment remains a more reliable option.

How does a DHCP server work?

Understanding the role of a DHCP server in network configuration

A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server plays a crucial role in network configuration by automatically assigning IP addresses to devices within a network. Here’s how it works:

• DHCP Discovery : When a device connects to a network, it sends a DHCP Discover packet to identify any available DHCP servers.
• DHCP Offer : A DHCP server responds to the Discover packet with a DHCP Offer packet, which includes an available IP address and other network configuration details.
• DHCP Request : The device replies with a DHCP Request packet, requesting the offered IP address and configuration details.
• DHCP Acknowledgement : Finally, the DHCP server sends a DHCP ACK packet, acknowledging the device’s request and finalizing the IP address assignment.

This dynamic IP addressing process eliminates the need for manual IP configuration, improving network scalability and reducing the risk of IP address conflicts.

Assigning IP addresses using DHCP

The process of assigning IP addresses using DHCP involves four key steps:

• DHCP Discover : When a client device connects to the network, it broadcasts a “DHCP Discover” message to identify any available DHCP servers.
• DHCP Offer : In response, the DHCP server sends back a “DHCP Offer” message that contains an available IP address and other network configuration details, such as the subnet mask and default gateway.
• DHCP Request : The client device sends a “DHCP Request” message to accept the offer from the DHCP server.
• DHCP Acknowledgement : The DHCP server then sends a “DHCP Acknowledgement” message to confirm the IP address assignment, effectively leasing that IP address to the client for a set period.

This process, known as the DORA process (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledgement), simplifies network management by automating IP address assignment and reducing the risk of IP address conflicts.

Essential features of DHCP reservation

DHCP reservation is a feature that allows network administrators to reserve specific IP addresses for certain devices. This is particularly useful in scenarios where we need to ensure that a device always receives the same IP address. Here are some essential features of DHCP reservation:

• Address Consistency : DHCP reservation ensures that a device always gets the same IP address, even after disconnecting and reconnecting. This is particularly useful for servers and printers which require a static IP.
• Enhanced Network Control : With DHCP reservations, network administrators can strategically assign IP addresses to devices based on their roles within the network.
• Reduced IP Conflicts : By reserving IP addresses, the risk of IP address conflict is significantly reduced as the DHCP server won’t accidentally assign a dedicated IP to another device.
• Simpler Network Management : Reserved IPs simplify network management by creating exceptions to automated IP assignments, ideal for devices that need to maintain consistent network positioning.

Overall, DHCP reservation enhances the functionality of the DHCP protocol by providing greater control over IP assignment within a network.

Managing static IPs within a DHCP environment

Managing static IPs within a DHCP environment is crucial for optimal network performance . By designating a portion of the IP address pool for static assignments and using DHCP reservations, network administrators can achieve a balance between automated and manual control. This ensures consistent and reliable network connectivity for devices requiring permanent IP addresses. Regular monitoring and updates are necessary to prevent conflicts and maintain an efficient network environment.

Benefits and drawbacks of using DHCP for IP allocation

• Automated IP Assignment : DHCP automates the IP allocation process, reducing the manual work required and minimizing the risk of human error.
• Efficient Use of IP Addresses : DHCP allows for the effective reuse and recycling of a limited number of IP addresses, making it ideal for large networks.
• Easy Network Expansion : DHCP makes it easier to add more devices to the network as it automatically assigns an IP address to new devices.
• Reduced IP Conflicts : DHCP helps to prevent IP address conflicts that can occur with manual assignment.
• Dependence on the DHCP Server : If the DHCP server fails, new devices can’t join the network, and existing devices may experience problems when renewing their leases.
• Unwanted Network Access : Unless additional protective measures are put in place, any device can connect to the network and get an IP address from the DHCP server.
• Potential for IP Exhaustion : If not properly managed, a DHCP server could exhaust its pool of available IP addresses, preventing new devices from joining the network.

Which is more suitable for a home network: static or dynamic IP?

Benefits of using a static IP in a home network environment

• Stability : Static IP addresses are less likely to experience connection issues or downtime since the IP address does not change.
• Ideal for Certain Uses : If you host a website or a server from your home, have remote access needs, or run any internet-facing services, a static IP is beneficial.
• Less Network Traffic : Since the IP address is constant, a device with a static IP doesn’t need to communicate with the DHCP server regularly to maintain its IP lease, resulting in less network traffic.
• Precise Control and Troubleshooting : With a static IP, network administrators can have more control over each device. It’s easier to troubleshoot network issues as the IP address associated with each device does not change.

Exploring the advantages of dynamic IP addresses for home networks

• Ease of Management : Dynamic IP addresses are automatically assigned by the DHCP server. This eliminates the need for manual configuration, which can be complex and time-consuming, particularly for more extensive networks.
• Cost-Effective : Using dynamic IPs typically reduces costs as there’s no need to pay for a fixed, static IP from your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Flexibility : Dynamic IP allows for the easy addition or removal of devices on the network without the hassle of IP conflicts or having to assign and track IP addresses manually. This can be particularly beneficial in home networks where devices frequently join and leave the network.
• Security : While slight, dynamic IPs offer an added layer of protection. Since the IP address changes periodically, it can be more challenging for malicious entities to target your network based on IP address alone.

How MAC addresses and network devices relate to IP allocation

MAC addresses, or Media Access Control addresses, play a crucial role in IP allocation, particularly within a network utilizing the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Each network device has a unique MAC address, serving as a permanent identifier for the hardware.

When a device connects to a network, the DHCP server recognizes the device’s MAC address and assigns an IP address to it. For dynamic IP allocation, the server gives an available IP address from its pool and sets a lease time for that address. Once the lease expires, the device must request a new IP address. However, in most cases, if the device is continually connected, it will retain its initial IP allocation.

In contrast, with static IP allocation, the network administrator manually assigns a specific IP address to a device’s MAC address. This means the device will always use the same IP address when connecting to the network, ensuring consistent network communication.

This relationship between MAC addresses and IP allocation is essential in managing and controlling network traffic, devices, and security.

Managing IP conflicts in a home network setting

In a home network setting, IP conflicts can occur when two devices are assigned the same IP address, causing network disruptions. There are several strategies to manage and prevent these conflicts.

Firstly, enabling DHCP on your router automatically assigns unique IP addresses to each device, reducing the risk of conflicts. If you prefer static IP allocation, ensure that each device is manually assigned an individual lesson.

Secondly, regularly updating your network devices and router firmware can help, as updates often include fixes for IP allocation issues.

Finally, if an IP conflict does occur, rebooting the devices or the router usually causes the DHCP server to assign new IP addresses, resolving the conflict. Understanding these strategies can help maintain a stable and conflict-free home network.

Choosing between static and dynamic IPs based on specific home network needs

Choosing between static and dynamic IPs for your home network is dependent on your specific needs and requirements. Here are a few considerations to help you make this decision:

• Usage Needs : If your household engages in online gaming, runs a home server, or utilizes a VPN for remote work, a static IP would be beneficial due to its stability and predictability.
• Device Quantity : For households with many devices, dynamic IP allocation through DHCP can simplify network management and prevent IP conflicts.
• Security Concerns : Static IPs can be more vulnerable to potential hacking attempts as the IP address remains constant. If security is a paramount concern, dynamic IP might be a better choice.
• Cost and Complexity : Dynamic IPs are typically no additional cost and are easier to manage for most people. On the other hand, static IPs often carry additional fees and require a more complex setup.
• Remote Access : If you need to access your home network remotely, a static IP is typically more accessible as the address does not change.

Keep these factors in mind when deciding between static or dynamic IPs for your home network.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the difference between a static IP and DHCP?

A: A static IP address is manually assigned to a device and does not change, while DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

Q: When would you use a static IP address instead of DHCP?

A: A static IP address is typically used when you need a specific device to have a consistent, unchanging IP address, such as for servers, printers, or network equipment.

Q: Can you explain the process of using a static IP address?

A: Using a static IP address involves manually configuring the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server on the device, ensuring that they remain constant.

Q: What is the difference between a static IP and a dynamic IP address?

A: A static IP address remains constant, while a dynamic IP address is assigned automatically by a DHCP server and may change over time.

Q: How does DHCP work in comparison to a static IP address?

A: DHCP uses a server to assign IP addresses to devices on a network automatically, while a static IP address is manually set and does not change unless configured to do so.

Q: What are the benefits of using a static IP address?

A: Using a static IP address provides stability and consistency for devices that require continuous, unchanging connectivity, such as servers and network devices.

Q: Are there any disadvantages to using a static IP address?

A: A potential drawback of using a static IP address is the need for manual configuration and management, as well as the risk of IP address conflicts if not carefully coordinated.

Q: Is it possible to switch between using a static IP and DHCP on the same device?

A: Yes, it is possible to configure a device to use a static IP address or to obtain an IP address automatically through DHCP, depending on the network requirements or preferences.

Q: What are the critical differences between a DHCP and a static IP address?

A: The main difference is that DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses, while a static IP address is manually set and does not change unless modified by the user.

Q: Does using a static IP address offer any advantages over using DHCP?

A: Using a static IP address can provide more control over network configurations and is often preferred for specific devices that require consistent and predictable connectivity.

• FS Community – This blog post provides a comprehensive comparison between DHCP and static IP, highlighting the popularity and cost-effectiveness of DHCP.
• Super User – A forum discussion that explains the difference between static IP routing and DHCP-based routing.
• Security Stack Exchange – A technical discussion about the security implications of DHCP and static IP addressing.
• LinkedIn Advice – An expert advice piece discussing how to choose between DHCP and static IP for network devices.
• Cables and Kits Learning Center – This article discusses the cost and automation benefits of DHCP over static IP addresses.
• Tutorials Point – An educational resource explaining the differences between static and dynamic (DHCP) IP addresses.
• Rice Lake Resources – An in-depth article exploring the network connection methods of DHCP and static IP addresses.
• History of Computer – This source gives a historical perspective on the development and use of DHCP and static IPs, including their ease of use.
• Temok Blog – A blog post that provides a detailed explanation of the key differences between static and dynamic IP addresses.
• Cisco Blog – An article from a leading manufacturer of networking equipment that provides an expert perspective on the pros and cons of DHCP versus static IP addressing.

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DHCP vs. Static IP in a Digital World: When To Use Each

Are you aware that most networking equipment, such as routers and network switches, now widely use the Internet Protocol as the standard for network communication?

The two most popular protocols are Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Static IP. Each electronic device on a network has a unique identification number, or IP address, according to this protocol. 

That’s why there are billions of IP addresses in use today!

Now, here’s the thing: Internet Protocol, or IP, is not just for internet connections. Moreover, a wide range of networking applications employ it because it’s open, established, and perfect for both local and Internet connections.

In this article, we will talk about two primary categories of IP addresses: static and dynamic. What sets these two apart? How do you choose between them? And what are the pros and cons of each? 

Let’s explore these differences and help you decide which one is right for your network devices.

What is a DHCP?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), often known as “dynamic IP,” enables a machine to receive an IP address automatically.

Imagine you’re joining a new network with your phone or computer. And you want to connect to the internet but don’t have an IP address yet. That’s where DHCP comes in. It’s like a teacher handing out student IDs to each student in a class. 

The DHCP server on the network assigns your device a unique IP address and other settings, like the subnet mask and gateway. This way, your device can communicate with other devices on the network and access the internet.

Now, your IP address is not permanent. It’s only borrowed for a certain period, called the “lease duration.” After that time, your device has to ask for a new IP address or renew the lease. The DHCP server needs to manage the IP numbers on the network and avoid conflicts or duplications.

Dynamic IP addresses, like the ones assigned by DHCP, are perfect for home use and most consumer electronics. Your internet service provider (ISP) uses DHCP to give your device a dynamic IP address.

What is DHCP lease time?

DHCP assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. To avoid running out of IP addresses, DHCP allocates each IP address for a specific period of time, called the lease time. This means that once a device is assigned an IP address, it can keep using it for the allotted time.

For wired devices that don’t move frequently, the lease time is usually seven days, while for wireless devices, it’s shorter, typically 24 hours. This is because wireless devices come and go more often. So, for example, when you use Wi-Fi at a coffee shop or library, you get a new IP address each time you connect.

Halfway through the lease, the device will try to renew the lease with the DHCP server. If the server grants the request, the device can use the IP address for the entire lease time. 

Sometimes, IP address renewal traffic can cause network congestion. However, network managers have the flexibility to adjust the default lease time based on the size of their network to avoid it.

What is Static IP?

A static IP address, also known as a “dedicated IP,” is a unique and permanent address that doesn’t change over time. It’s like a home address that never changes; external devices can always use the same address to find it.

Static IP addresses are great for people who know their network and its layout well. With static IP addressing, each device on the network has its own unique address, and you need to configure each one manually. 

When you add a new device to the network, you have to choose the “manual” configuration option and enter the IP address, DNS server , default gateway, and subnet mask. Static IP addresses are often used when continued access is necessary, like access to routers and printers.

What’s the Difference Between a Static IP and a DHCP?

When you connect to the internet, your device needs an IP address to communicate with other devices. A Static IP address is like a fixed address manually assigned to your device and never changes. On the other hand, DHCP is a protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. So, a DHCP address is like a temporary address that can change periodically.

Here are some key differences between Static IP and DHCP :

So, using a Static IP or DHCP depends on your specific needs. Servers and other devices that require a constant, reliable address frequently utilize static IP addresses. Besides, when a network device doesn’t need a static address, DHCP addresses are more frequently employed.

Static IP – Pros and Cons

Using Static IP definitely has some benefits.

First, if you’re hosting servers for email , web, or other purposes, a static IP address makes setting up and managing DNS servers simpler. Plus, it helps clients with fixed IPs access your servers more quickly, which is always a plus.

Another great thing about static IP addresses is that they offer faster, more reliable, and more stable download and upload speeds. This is because they never change, so internet users can enjoy a more stable connection.

If you need to provide remote access for employees with a Virtual Private Network (VPN), a static IP address is ideal for that too!

And, if your business requires working with data from geolocation, a static IP address gives you access to more accurate geolocation information than working with a dynamic IP. This can be super useful for asset demographics, location tracking, psychographics, or location-based content personalization.

However, there are also some things to remember regarding static IP addresses. For example, they’re easier to trace, which can cause privacy and security concerns. They are also more expensive than dynamic IPs, even though the service provider typically includes them in corporate ISP plans.

And finally, once a device is given a static IP address, it is always occupied, even while the computer is off. This limits the number of available IP addresses, so businesses should budget for additional IP addresses.

DHCP – Pros and Cons

Dynamic IP addresses can be helpful for those who want to maintain their privacy online. Using a dynamic IP address lets you leave less of a digital footprint and keep your internet activities anonymous. This is especially important for those who handle confidential information.

Another advantage of dynamic IP addresses is that they make remote administration easier. DHCP routing allows for a centrally controlled infrastructure, which makes it simpler to add, support, and maintain devices. This is great for managing Remote Office/Branch Office (ROBO) networks. 

With DHCP, setting up new devices is as simple as assigning them an IP address, shipping them to the office, and connecting them to the network. The device will automatically receive the assigned IP address.

Flexibility is another benefit of dynamic IP addresses. DHCP IP addresses can be assigned and reassigned quickly and automatically. This makes it easier to reconfigure IP addresses for devices whenever necessary. Plus, there’s no additional cost for securing a dedicated IP address with DHCP.

When it comes to security, dynamic IP addresses make it more difficult for intruders to target your equipment. Network security doesn’t depend solely on IP addresses. Additionally, users usually combine DHCP with additional security features to ensure maximum protection.

But like static IP addresses, dynamic IP addresses have their drawbacks. One issue is that hosting servers and websites typically use static IP addresses, so there may be DNS server issues and additional expenses to bypass conflicts. Additionally, dynamic IP addresses can be unstable, as internet service providers may change them regularly. This can lead to a lapse in the user’s connection and lower internet speed, which can be a problem for web servers and internet phone calls.

Another disadvantage is increased CAPTCHA authentication. A DHCP environment may prompt you for CAPTCHA verification more often, which can disrupt your workflow. There’s also a risk with CAPTCHA questions since hackers can disguise viruses and malware downloads through them.

Lastly, if you’re using a dynamic IP address, your device must support DHCP configuration and align with DHCP server requirements. If the DHCP server is down, your device won’t have a working IP address.

DHCP vs. Static IP – What to Choose?

When it comes to deciding between static IP or DHCP for your business, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach. You need to consider several factors, such as the size and complexity of your network, the type and function of your devices, and your network security preferences and business goals.

To help you make an informed decision, here are some scenarios to consider:

• Network size: For extensive and complicated networks, use DHCP as it supports scalability for allocating IP addresses in large- and medium-sized networks.
• Availability of IP addresses: If your network has limited IP addresses, it’s best to use static IP routing to prevent IP address exhaustion and avoid resource depletion.
• Mobility of devices: DHCP IP allocation is more practical for mobile devices that frequently move out or between networks.
• Network management: DHCP servers can automatically assign and manage the IP address space, eliminating the need for manual IP configuration for devices, reducing the possibility of human errors, and mitigating risks.
• Fault tolerance: DHCP offers more fault tolerance than static IP allocation by providing redundancy and failover options. Dynamic routing enables seamless data transfer between routers, whereas static routing is not fault-tolerant.
• Remote access: If you require hosting service inside your local network and direct access to it from remote offices or branch offices worldwide, a static IP address can ensure a connection that is always accessible.

Remember, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution, so consider all the factors carefully before deciding whether to use static IP or DHCP for your business network.

In Conclusion

If you want to choose the best IP address type for your device, consider its mobility and network type. DHCP is great for devices that move around a lot, like laptops or tablets, while static IPs are a better fit for stationary devices like printers or servers.

Remember, your business type can also impact your IP address choice. For instance, hotels might choose a static IP address while their guests’ devices use dynamic IP addresses.

To keep your devices safe from cyberattacks , it’s a good idea to use security measures like router firewalls, VPNs , or internet security suites. Both static and dynamic IP addresses have their security risks, but taking these extra steps can help address them.

DHCP and static IP routing are typically used together with additional security measures to allocate IP addresses.

IP Addresses: Static vs. DHCP vs. DHCP Reservations

By Dan Qiugley, N7HQ

Especially when you don’t want to be tethered to your shack, wired or wireless networks are now an indispensable element of Ham Radio. To function, every network device must be uniquely addressable so it can send and receive information. So when it comes to providing unique addresses to your equipment, which is better? A static IP address or dynamic address? 

Static IP Addresses

Static IP addresses are assigned manually at the device, as the name implies. Once set, they never change.  Since the addresses are assigned manually, each must be unique to avoid collisions. It’s always a good idea to document the address on a spreadsheet or another document to help keep track.  When assigning a static IP address, you must also provide the correct subnet mask, the default gateway for the logical network you want it to use, and the DNS server(s). Printing all that information on a label affixed to the device is a best-practice.

If you understood all of that, then you probably have the skills and knowledge necessary to manage IP addresses on a network. If not, then you are likely to be more comfortable using DHCP. 

One other caveat to using static IP addresses with the FLEX-6000.  If the radio is reset to factory defaults, the static IP address is deleted and the radio reverts to using DHCP which may interfere with configurations that rely on using a static IP address, such as a SmartLink configuration that utilizes manual port forwarding.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP is a service on your network designed to remove the manual work of managing IP addresses.  In most cases, your router or internet modem (which usually functions as a router) will provide the DHCP service.  When DHCP is enabled on a device, it “asks” the DHCP service for an IP address from a configured pool. The service itself tracks which addresses are allocated using another unique address; the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the device and maintains a record of which addresses have been assigned to each device that requests one.  For modern home network routers, devices usually receive the same IP address every time they ask for one, but that is not guaranteed. A super-handy feature of DHCP is all the other network information a device needs to communicate (subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server(s) are sent along with the IP address. So in most cases, when using DHCP, it is Plug and Play. 

DHCP Reservations:

DHCP reservations virtually guarantee the same IP address is provisioned on a device. In this way, reservations behave very much like Static IPs. There are several primary advantages of using DHCP reservations. One is the “static” IP address assignment is centrally managed and doesn’t require you to document the allocation manually. Most routers provide a handy reservation table you can consult when you need to. Reservations can save you a lot of time and frustration when setting a static address is difficult on devices that automatically update their firmware, for example, and don’t persist network settings across versions (some televisions, for instance). Since reservations employ DHCP, you can leverage the capability to provide the other network settings the device needs.

A down-side to DHCP reservations is some routers require you to know the MAC address of the device and type it in when you make the reservation. Some routers will allow you to select a DHCP device and reserve it automatically without knowing the MAC address.

Mixing Configurations

Mixing Static IP addresses and those assigned via DHCP is not only possible but can be beneficial. I reserve addresses xxx.xxx.xxx.2-49 on my home network for static IPs and xxx.xxx.xxx.200-253 for DHCP reservations (Note: xxx.xxx.xxx.1 is always my gateway/router and xxx.xxx.xxx.254 my central switch) This provides plenty of flexibility and space for each of the address types. 

So which address type is better? Like any tool, the better is the one suited for the task.

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• Modem & Router

DHCP vs Static IP Addressing | What’s the Difference?

• January 12, 2024
• By Mounika D

In networking world, the choice between DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and Static IP addressing is a fundamental consideration that shapes the efficiency, management, and reliability of a computer network. DHCP and Static IP represent two distinct approaches to assigning and managing IP addresses within a network, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. DHCP, as a dynamic and automated protocol, dynamically allocates IP addresses to devices as they connect to the network, streamlining the configuration process and enhancing scalability. In contrast, Static IP addressing involves the manual assignment of fixed IP addresses to devices, offering stability and control over network settings. This comparison between DHCP vs Static IP addressing is pivotal for network administrators and organizations, as it influences factors such as ease of management, security, and adaptability to network changes.

In this guide, we will look into the key differences, use cases, and many other things surrounding these two addressing methods.

Importance of IP Addressing in Computer Networks

IP addressing is a fundamental aspect of computer networks, serving as the backbone for communication between devices. Each device on a network requires a unique IP address to identify and differentiate itself from others. IP addresses are crucial for routing data packets across the network, ensuring that information reaches the intended destination accurately. They also play a pivotal role in defining the structure of a network by enabling devices to belong to specific subnets.

Proper IP addressing is essential for the efficient functioning of various network services, such as file sharing, printing, and internet connectivity. DHCP and static IP addressing represent two approaches to managing this critical aspect of network configuration, each with its own set of advantages and considerations based on the specific needs of the network and its devices.

Brief Overview of DHCP and Static IP Addressing

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, commonly known as DHCP, is a network protocol widely used for automated IP address configuration within a network. Its primary function is to dynamically assign IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices as they connect to the network. DHCP operates on a client-server model, where a central DHCP server manages a pool of IP addresses and leases them to devices for a specific duration.

This dynamic allocation of IP addresses helps streamline the network administration process by eliminating the need for manual configuration on individual devices. DHCP not only assigns IP addresses but also provides information like subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses, facilitating seamless communication within the network.

In contrast to DHCP, Static IP addresses are manually assigned to devices within a network. A static IP address remains fixed and does not change unless modified manually by the network administrator. When a device is configured with a static IP, it retains the same address every time it connects to the network. This method is particularly useful for devices that require a consistent and unchanging network presence, such as servers, routers, and network printers.

Unlike DHCP, where addresses are dynamically assigned, static IP addresses offer stability and predictability in network configurations. However, this approach demands more hands-on management, as each device needs individual attention for assigning and maintaining its static IP.

What is DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a networking protocol that plays a pivotal role in simplifying the process of assigning and managing IP addresses within a computer network. The primary purpose of DHCP is to automate the configuration of network devices by dynamically assigning IP addresses and providing essential network configuration information. This eliminates the need for manual intervention, making it a convenient and efficient solution for both small and large-scale networks.

Automatic IP Address Assignment

One of the key functionalities of DHCP is its ability to automatically assign IP addresses to devices when they join the network. When a device, known as a DHCP client, connects to the network, it sends a request to the DHCP server for an IP address. The DHCP server then dynamically allocates an available IP address from its predefined pool and leases it to the requesting device for a specific duration. This dynamic allocation ensures that IP addresses are utilized efficiently and avoids conflicts that may arise from manual assignment.

Dynamic Allocation of Network Configuration

Beyond IP address assignment, DHCP dynamically allocates additional network configuration parameters to the connected devices. These parameters include subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server addresses. This dynamic allocation ensures that devices have the necessary information to communicate effectively within the network. It also enables flexibility in network configuration, allowing changes to be implemented centrally on the DHCP server and propagated to all connected devices without manual intervention.

Advantages of DHCP

Scalability.

DHCP provides a scalable solution for networks of varying sizes. As the network expands or contracts, DHCP can efficiently manage the allocation of IP addresses without requiring manual adjustments on each device. This scalability is particularly valuable in dynamic environments where the number of connected devices may change frequently.

Centralized Management

DHCP centralizes the management of IP addresses and network configurations, placing control in the hands of a designated DHCP server. This centralized approach streamlines administration tasks, reducing the complexity associated with individually configuring each device. Administrators can implement changes, updates, or modifications from a single point, ensuring consistency and accuracy across the network.

Simplified Network Administration

DHCP significantly simplifies network administration by automating the IP address assignment process. This automation reduces the risk of human errors associated with manual configurations, saving time and effort for administrators. Additionally, DHCP logs and records lease information, aiding in the monitoring and troubleshooting of network issues. Overall, the automated nature of DHCP contributes to a more efficient and manageable network infrastructure.

What is Static IP Addressing?

A Static IP (Internet Protocol) address is a fixed and unchanging numerical label assigned to a device within a computer network. Unlike Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), where IP addresses are automatically assigned by a server, static IP addresses are manually configured and remain constant over time. The purpose of using static IP addresses is to provide a stable and predictable identity for certain devices within the network, allowing for consistent communication and easier management of critical network components.

Manual Assignment of IP Addresses

In the case of static IP addresses, the assignment is done manually by a network administrator. Each device that requires a static IP is configured with a specific address, and this assignment is typically done through the device’s operating system settings or by configuring the network infrastructure, such as routers or switches. This manual approach allows for precise control over the IP address assignment, making it a suitable choice for devices that need to maintain a fixed network presence.

Fixed Network Configuration

Static IP addresses are associated with a fixed network configuration, meaning that the assigned IP does not change unless modified intentionally by the network administrator. This fixed nature ensures that the device always has the same address when connecting to the network, providing stability and predictability in network communication. Unlike DHCP, where IP addresses may change dynamically, static IP addresses are particularly advantageous for devices that require constant accessibility and consistent identification, such as servers or network appliances.

Advantages of Static IP

Control over ip address assignment.

One of the primary advantages of using static IP addresses is the control it affords network administrators. With manual assignment, administrators have precise control over which IP addresses are allocated to specific devices. This control is beneficial in situations where maintaining a consistent and known IP address for certain devices is crucial for operational requirements, security, or network configuration.

Stability and Predictability

Static IP addresses contribute to network stability and predictability. Since the assigned IP addresses do not change automatically, devices with static IPs maintain a constant network identity. This stability is particularly advantageous for servers, network printers, and other critical infrastructure components that require a reliable and unchanging network presence for seamless operation.

Better for Servers and Network Devices

Static IP addresses are often preferred for servers and network devices due to their unchanging nature. Servers, for example, need to be easily accessible for other devices on the network, and a static IP ensures consistent connectivity. Additionally, network devices such as routers, switches, and network-attached storage (NAS) devices benefit from static IPs as they play central roles in network operations and require a reliable and fixed network presence for effective communication.

DHCP vs Static IP Addressing Comparison

Configuration process.

DHCP has an automated and dynamic configuration process. When a device joins the network, it sends a request to the DHCP server, which dynamically assigns an available IP address and provides additional network configuration information. This automated process eliminates the need for manual intervention, making it efficient for large networks where managing individual device configurations manually would be impractical.

In contrast, static IP configuration involves a manual and fixed process. Each device on the network must be individually configured with a specific IP address. This manual assignment provides administrators with precise control over each device’s network settings but can be time-consuming and prone to human error, especially in larger networks with numerous devices.

Network Management

DHCP centralizes network management, placing control in the hands of the DHCP server. This centralized approach streamlines network administration by allowing changes and updates to be implemented from a single point. It ensures consistency across the network, simplifying the overall management process and reducing the potential for errors.

Static IP addressing requires individual configuration for each device, leading to a decentralized network management approach. While this provides granular control over each device’s settings, it can be more complex and time-consuming, especially in larger networks. Changes must be made on a per-device basis, making it challenging to maintain uniformity across the entire network.

DHCP is easily scalable for large networks. As the network expands or contracts, DHCP can efficiently manage the allocation of IP addresses without manual adjustments on each device. The dynamic nature of DHCP makes it adaptable to changes in the network size, making it a scalable solution for diverse and evolving network environments.

Static IP addressing can become complex and challenging to manage in large networks. As the number of devices increases, the manual assignment of IP addresses becomes more time-consuming and error-prone. Network administrators may find it difficult to maintain an organized and efficient address scheme, leading to potential issues in network scalability.

Network Security

While DHCP itself doesn’t introduce significant security risks, improperly configured DHCP servers can be vulnerable to attacks such as IP address spoofing or unauthorized DHCP server deployment. An attacker may attempt to distribute false configuration information, potentially leading to network disruptions or unauthorized access.

Static IP addressing is generally less vulnerable to certain types of attacks compared to DHCP. Since the IP addresses are manually assigned and do not change dynamically, there is a reduced risk of unauthorized devices gaining access through deceptive DHCP configurations. However, the security of static IP addresses still depends on proper configuration practices and network security measures.

Reliability

The reliability of DHCP is closely tied to the availability and stability of the DHCP server. In DHCP-dependent networks, if the DHCP server experiences downtime or becomes unavailable, devices may struggle to obtain or renew their IP addresses, potentially leading to network connectivity issues. While DHCP servers are typically redundant in larger setups to mitigate this risk, the reliance on server availability remains a consideration for the overall reliability of DHCP-based networks.

Static IP addressing offers a more consistent and less reliant solution in terms of reliability. Once manually assigned, static IP addresses remain constant unless intentionally modified by the administrator. This stability ensures that devices with static IPs maintain their network presence even if DHCP servers encounter issues. In critical environments where uninterrupted connectivity is paramount, such as for servers and essential network infrastructure, the reliability of static IP addresses becomes a compelling factor.

Flexibility

DHCP provides a high degree of flexibility, especially in dynamic network environments. It easily adapts to changes in network configuration, such as the addition or removal of devices. When network changes occur, DHCP automatically adjusts the IP address assignments, simplifying the process of accommodating new devices or reconfiguring existing ones. This flexibility is particularly advantageous in environments where the network landscape frequently evolves.

While static IP addressing offers stability, it lacks the same level of flexibility as DHCP. Manual updates are required whenever changes in network configuration, such as IP address modifications or device relocations, are necessary. This manual intervention can be time-consuming, especially in large networks where numerous devices may need adjustments. Despite the control it provides, the static approach might pose challenges in environments that demand rapid adaptability to changing network conditions.

DHCP vs Static IP Addressing Use Cases

Home networks.

DHCP is particularly well-suited for home networks where simplicity and ease of setup are essential. In a typical home network environment, users connect various devices such as smartphones, laptops, and smart appliances. DHCP eliminates the need for users to manually configure IP addresses on each device, providing seamless connectivity. It ensures that devices can easily join and leave the network without requiring intervention, making it an ideal choice for non-technical users in a residential setting.

Small to Medium-sized Businesses

DHCP is widely adopted in small to medium-sized business networks. These environments often have a moderate number of devices that require connectivity, including computers, printers, and networked peripherals. DHCP’s automated IP address assignment and centralized management simplify network administration, allowing IT personnel to focus on other critical tasks. It also facilitates flexibility in scaling the network as the business grows or changes in device configurations occur.

Guest Networks

DHCP is commonly employed in guest networks, where a dynamic and temporary allocation of IP addresses is preferred. Guest networks are designed to accommodate visitors and guests who may bring their own devices. DHCP streamlines the onboarding process, as guests can connect to the network without manual configuration. The temporary nature of DHCP leases ensures that addresses are efficiently utilized and released when guests disconnect, enhancing overall network efficiency.

Static IP addressing is extensively used for servers in both small and large-scale networks. Servers require a consistent and unchanging network identity for seamless accessibility. Static IPs provide this stability, ensuring that servers are reliably accessible through a fixed address. This is crucial for services such as web hosting, email servers, and database servers, where a predictable and constant connection is vital for efficient operation.

Network Devices with Specific Configurations

Certain network devices, such as routers, switches, and network-attached storage (NAS) devices, often benefit from static IP addressing. These devices play central roles in network infrastructure and configuration, requiring a reliable and fixed network presence. Static IPs allow administrators to precisely control the network settings of these devices, ensuring consistent communication and facilitating proper network functionality.

Critical Infrastructure

Static IP addresses are commonly utilized for critical infrastructure components within a network, including firewalls, security appliances, and monitoring systems. These components demand a high level of reliability and predictability in network communication. Static IPs provide a stable and unchanging identity, reducing the risk of disruptions and ensuring continuous operation of essential network services. In critical infrastructure scenarios, the manual configuration process associated with static IP addresses is justified by the heightened need for control and security.

Which to Choose: DHCP vs Static IP Addressing?

When deciding between DHCP and Static IP addressing, it is essential to consider the specific needs and characteristics of the network. In dynamic environments where adaptability to changes is paramount, DHCP proves to be a valuable choice. Networks that frequently experience additions or removals of devices, such as in small to medium-sized businesses or guest networks, benefit from the automated and scalable nature of DHCP.

Conversely, for scenarios demanding precise control, stability, and predictability, such as in critical infrastructure or server environments, Static IP addressing is the preferable choice. Considerations should include the size of the network, the nature of devices connected, security requirements, and the level of control desired by the administrators. Striking a balance between flexibility and reliability ensures that the chosen IP addressing approach aligns seamlessly with the network’s specific demands, ultimately optimizing its performance and functionality.

The key differences between DHCP and Static IP addressing lie in their configuration processes, network management approaches, scalability, and security considerations. DHCP automates the assignment of IP addresses dynamically, providing efficient scalability and centralized management. It is well-suited for home networks, small to medium-sized businesses, and guest networks due to its simplicity and adaptability.

On the other hand, Static IP addresses involve manual and fixed configuration, offering control, stability, and predictability. Static IPs are often preferred for servers, network devices with specific configurations, and critical infrastructure where a consistent and unchanging network presence is crucial. The choice between DHCP and Static IP depends on the specific requirements and characteristics of the network.

1. What is the primary difference between DHCP and Static IP addressing?

Answer: The main difference lies in the method of assigning IP addresses. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on the network, while Static IP addressing requires manual configuration, with each device having a fixed and unchanging IP address.

2. Which is more suitable for a home network, DHCP, or Static IP addressing?

Answer: DHCP is generally more suitable for home networks due to its ease of setup and management. It eliminates the need for manual configuration, making it user-friendly, especially for non-technical users. Static IP addressing may be overkill for the typical home network unless specific devices, like gaming consoles or network printers, require a consistent IP.

3. Are there security considerations when choosing between DHCP and Static IP?

Answer: Yes, security considerations vary. DHCP, if not properly configured, may pose security risks, such as IP address spoofing. Static IP addressing is generally less vulnerable to certain types of attacks since the IP addresses are manually assigned. However, both methods require proper security practices, such as securing DHCP servers and implementing firewalls.

4. In which scenarios is Static IP addressing preferred over DHCP?

Answer: Static IP addressing is preferred in scenarios where devices require a consistent and unchanging network presence. This is crucial for servers, network devices with specific configurations, and critical infrastructure. Static IPs offer stability and predictability, making them ideal for environments where control over IP address assignment is paramount.

5. Can DHCP be used in large networks?

Answer: DHCP is suitable for both small and large networks. Its automated and scalable nature makes it adaptable to changes in network size, making it efficient for large environments. In contrast, Static IP addressing can become complex and challenging to manage in large networks due to the manual assignment of addresses, making DHCP a more practical choice for scalability in extensive network setups.

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DHCP Vs. Static IP: Decoding the IP’s War

As the digital landscape evolves, the seamless functioning of our connected devices becomes increasingly crucial. Imagine a world where your devices know how to connect without any manual intervention – enter the realm of DHCP and Static IP. 

In this article, we’ll delve into these networking essentials, unraveling their significance and exploring when to embrace dynamic or static addressing.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Static IP addresses are fundamental components of networking. DHCP automates the process of assigning IP addresses dynamically, making it user-friendly, while Static IP involves manually assigning fixed addresses, offering stability and control.

DHCP Vs. Static IP (A Comparison)

• Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi
• DNS vs. VPN

What is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

DHCP is a networking protocol that automates the assignment of IP addresses to devices within a network. Acting as a mediator, DHCP dynamically allocates addresses, ensuring seamless connectivity without user intervention. It simplifies network administration, minimizing the chances of address conflicts.

Purpose and Functionality of DHCP

The primary purpose of DHCP is to streamline network configuration. By automatically assigning IP addresses, DHCP eliminates the need for manual configuration, reducing the risk of errors. 

Its functionality extends beyond addressing and incorporating gateway and DNS information, promoting hassle-free communication within the network.

What is Static IP?

Static IP involves manually assigning a fixed IP address to a device within a network. Unlike DHCP, it doesn’t change dynamically, offering a consistent point for communication. This approach is particularly beneficial for devices requiring permanent, unchanging addresses.

When to Use Static IP Addresses

Static IPs find their relevance in scenarios where consistent, unchanging addresses are imperative. Servers, network devices, and systems requiring remote access often benefit from Static IP, ensuring reliable and predictable connections.

Key Differences Between DHCP and Static IP

Automation vs. Manual Assignment:

• DHCP: Automated assignment of IP addresses dynamically.
• Static IP: Manual assignment of fixed IP addresses.

Adaptability vs. Predictability:

• DHCP: Easily adapts to changes in network topology and dynamic device connections.
• Static IP: Provides stability and predictability, making it suitable for devices with fixed requirements.

Ease of Management:

• DHCP: Simplifies network management through automated address allocation.
• Static IP: Requires manual management, which can be labor-intensive in larger networks.

Security Implications:

• DHCP: Introduces potential security risks due to automated address assignments.
• Static IP: Offers enhanced security by reducing the risk of unauthorized access, but requires diligent management to prevent conflicts.

Pros and Cons of DHCP and Static IP

Pros and cons of dhcp.

• Simplicity: DHCP simplifies the configuration process by automating IP address assignments, reducing the risk of human errors.
• Efficient Use of IP Addresses: DHCP optimizes IP address usage, dynamically allocating them as needed, preventing wastage.
• Automatic Configuration: Devices seamlessly obtain network configurations, including IP addresses, gateways, and DNS settings, enhancing user convenience.
• Adaptability to Dynamic Networks: DHCP easily adapts to changes in network topology and device connections, making it ideal for dynamic environments.
• Security Risks: The automated nature of DHCP can pose security risks, as unauthorized devices may potentially obtain network access.
• Dependency on DHCP Server: Network functionality relies on the continuous operation of the DHCP server, and any server issues can disrupt network configuration.
• Potential Delays: In larger networks, the DHCP discovery process might introduce delays, affecting the time it takes for devices to obtain IP addresses.

Pros and Cons of Static IP

• Stability: Static IP addresses provide a stable point of contact for devices, ensuring consistent and reliable network connections.
• Enhanced Security: With manually assigned addresses, Static IP reduces the risk of unauthorized access and network breaches.
• Predictable Addresses: Fixed addresses make it easier to manage devices and services, as their locations on the network remain constant.
• Simplified Remote Access: Static IP is beneficial for remote access scenarios, where a fixed address allows for consistent and secure connections.
• Labor-Intensive Management: Manually assigning and managing Static IPs can be labor-intensive, especially in large networks, leading to potential human errors.
• Less Adaptable to Changes: Static IP addresses are less flexible when it comes to changes in network topology or the addition of new devices.
• Potential for Address Conflicts: Human errors or misconfigurations may result in IP address conflicts, causing disruptions in network connectivity.

Network Management

A. Scalability with DHCP

Handling large networks becomes a breeze with DHCP’s automatic address assignment. As networks expand, DHCP accommodates new devices seamlessly, simplifying the administrative workload.

In large-scale environments, DHCP shines by efficiently managing IP addresses for a multitude of devices. Its automated approach ensures that even as the network grows, IP allocation remains streamlined.

DHCP facilitates network expansion by dynamically assigning addresses to new devices. This scalability is particularly advantageous for organizations experiencing constant growth or dynamic device connections.

B. Stability with Static IP

Static IP addresses provide a stable foundation for critical network components. Devices like servers and routers benefit from consistent addresses, minimizing disruptions and maintaining a reliable network infrastructure.

Static IP reduces the risk of conflicts, as addresses are manually assigned and less prone to duplication. This proactive approach ensures a stable network environment by preventing clashes between devices.

A. Ideal Scenarios for DHCP

• Small to Medium-sized Networks: DHCP is ideal for small to medium-sized networks where simplicity and automation outweigh the need for granular control. It streamlines the network setup process, making it efficient and user-friendly.
• Dynamic Device Connections: Environments with dynamic device connections, such as guest networks or temporary setups, benefit from DHCP’s ability to dynamically allocate addresses. It accommodates devices seamlessly, adapting to changing network landscapes.

B. Ideal Scenarios for Static IP

• Servers and Network Devices: Static IP shines in scenarios where stability and predictability are paramount, such as servers and network devices. Fixed addresses ensure these critical components remain consistently accessible.
• Fixed IP Requirements: Situations demanding fixed IP addresses, like remote access or specialized applications, find Static IP advantageous. It offers control and reliability, crucial in specific use cases.

In conclusion, the choice between DHCP and Static IP hinges on the specific needs of your network. Whether prioritizing automation and scalability with DHCP or favoring stability and control through Static IP, understanding these protocols empowers effective network management. 

As we navigate the intricacies of networking, the harmony between dynamic and static addressing paves the way for a resilient and efficient digital ecosystem.

Basir Saboor

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Static and dynamic IP address configurations for DHCP

%t min read | by Damon Garn

IP address configuration is one of the most critical, if simple, settings on your network devices. Workstations, servers, routers, and other components must have properly assigned IP address settings to participate on the network.

This two-part article series covers static and dynamic IP address settings and the configuration of a DHCP server. This article (part one) defines network identities, contrasts static and dynamic configurations, and covers the commands needed to manage the settings. Part two covers the deployment of a DHCP server, DHCP scope configuration, and client-side management of dynamic IP addresses.

[ You might also enjoy:  The name game: Naming network interfaces in Linux ]

Three identities

Network nodes have three identities: Hostname, logical address, and physical address. These three addresses provide different types of connectivity and are used in various ways during network communication.

The three identities are:

• Hostname - descriptive, easy to remember names for the benefit of humans
• IP address - logical address to uniquely identify a network node, primarily used by routers
• MAC address - physical address encoded on the network interface card (NIC), used mainly by switches

Hostnames are configured when the OS is installed, and MAC addresses are hard-coded on NICs. Sysadmins typically configure IP address information on servers, workstations, portable systems, and network devices.

I’ll cover the two primary ways that IP address information is provided to the nodes: Static and dynamic configurations.

Static and dynamic configurations:

• Static - manually configured by sysadmins
• Dynamic - automatically leased by clients from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

The standard settings are IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and nameservers.

Static configuration

NetworkManager primarily handles network configuration. NetworkManager can be used in a GUI, TUI, or CLI environment.

The nmcli process to set a static IP configuration is to create a connection profile and then set the values desired. Red Hat has documentation here .

Here is an example of creating a network connection named home-network with an IP address of 192.168.2.200/24, a default gateway of 192.168.2.1, and a name server of 8.8.8.8:

The GUI configuration can be accomplished by selecting the Manual button and then filling in the blanks with the appropriate information.

Recall that you can make no typographical errors when configuring IP addresses, and duplicate addresses will cause network connection problems.

Why static configurations?

Static IP addresses do not change unless the administrator actively reconfigures them. This is an important fact when it comes to servers because most client computers need to be able to find servers consistently.

For example, an NFS file server hosting department directories needs to keep the same IP address over time as configuration files such as a client computer’s /etc/fstab file may use the IP address for connectivity.

Other network nodes also may need an unchanging network identity. Appliance devices such as firewalls or proxies, print servers, name resolution servers, web servers, and virtually all other infrastructure devices need a consistent identity. Sysadmins will almost always configure these systems with static IP address information.

Tracking IPs

It is essential to track your statically assigned IP addresses. Depending on the size of your environment, this might be so simple as a text document or a spreadsheet, all the way up to specialized software that integrates with directory services and DHCP. I find it’s best to at least track IP address (and subnet mask), MAC address (not essential), hostname, role on the network (justifies why the devices have a static IP), and any additional notes.

Dynamic configurations

The devices that require a static IP configuration are a relatively small percentage of your network. Most network devices are end-user systems such as workstations, laptops, phones, tablets, and other transient devices. In addition, these systems do not usually host network services that need to be discoverable by other computers.

IP address configurations are unforgiving when it comes to duplicates and typos. In addition, static IP address settings are fairly time-consuming. Finally, IP address settings tend to be temporary, especially with the advent of portable devices like laptops, phones, and tablets. To save time and reduce the chances of a mistake, dynamic IP address allocation is preferable for these kinds of nodes.

Linux systems are configured as DHCP clients by using NetworkManager.

Here is an example of adding a network connection profile configured to lease an IP address from DHCP:

By not specifying an address NetworkManager assumes the DHCP client role.

Here is a screenshot of a dynamic IP address configuration from the GUI:

The dhclient command

The dhclient command is also used to manage dynamic IP address configurations. However, in RHEL 8, network configurations, including DHCP, are handled by NetworkManager. Older RHEL versions rely on dhclient , as do some other distributions.

The ip route command displays lease information.

The second article in this series goes over the dhclient command in more detail.

[ Free cheat sheet: Get a list of Linux utilities and commands for managing servers and networks . ]  

IP address settings are crucial to network communications. Values such as the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and nameservers can be manually managed, but sysadmins must be very careful not to make any mistakes. Static settings don’t change unless the administrator reconfigures them, so they are essential for servers whose services are made available across the network.

Dynamic IP configurations are far more convenient for systems that don’t host network services, such as end-user devices. Furthermore, many of these devices enter and leave the network regularly, and it would be very time-consuming to set IP values each time manually. Instead, a DHCP server is used to host a pool of available addresses that client systems can lease.

Understanding the difference between static and dynamic IP addresses is straightforward but essential for administrators. As a general rule, servers and network devices utilize static, unchanging IPs, while client devices rely on dynamically allocated IP configurations.

Damon Garn owns Cogspinner Coaction, LLC, a technical writing, editing, and IT project company based in Colorado Springs, CO. Damon authored many CompTIA Official Instructor and Student Guides (Linux+, Cloud+, Cloud Essentials+, Server+) and developed a broad library of interactive, scored labs. He regularly contributes to Enable Sysadmin, SearchNetworking, and CompTIA article repositories. Damon has 20 years of experience as a technical trainer covering Linux, Windows Server, and security content. He is a former sysadmin for US Figure Skating. He lives in Colorado Springs with his family and is a writer, musician, and amateur genealogist. More about me

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DHCP Reservation vs Static IP address

So after browsing some websites, some people are telling me that static IP address is the best. But others say the DHCP Reservation is just as good if not the same.

So what is better? Or are they pretty much the same?

Well to help clarify some more. I reserved my PS3 and Wii U IP address in my router. Is that all right?

• 1 What websites have you been reading, and what points did they make? It's a ridiculous argument really. If you can assign via DHCP, do it. If you can't, you're stuck assigning an manual address on the device. –  Brad Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 6:03
• One of the factors to take into account when evaluating articles written on this subject is that many learned to use static IPs because early consumer routers didn't have a mechanism for DHCP reservations. Of the 3 answers available now @Wes Sayeed saysit the best... but I hate his first sentence. I absolutely agree with the 3rd paragraph tho... –  Tyson Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 13:06

5 Answers 5

Using DHCP reservations offers you a sort of poor-man's IP address management solution. You can see and change IP addresses from a single console and makes it so you can see what addresses are available without having to resort to an Excel spreadsheet (or worse, a ping and pray system).

That being said, many applications require a static IP. If the server is configured to use DHCP, the application has no way of knowing that a reservation exists and may refuse to install. Also some applications tie their license to an IP address and therefore must be static as well.

Personally I prefer to use reservations when I can, and statics when I have to. But when I do use a static, I make a reservation for that address anyway so that A) it can be within the scope with the rest of the servers, and B) still provides the visual accounting of the address.

NOTE: If you're referring to network devices like IP cameras and printers, reservations are definitely the way to go because you can add a comment in the reservation as to what the device is and where it's located. Depending on the device, this may be your only means of documenting that information within the system.

• 1 Setting a reservation for a computer that has a static IP is also a good way of preventing IP address clashes. –  Michael Frank Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 5:48
• 1 I am very curious to know what software you run that requires a fixed IP address and is unable to know what that address is if that IP is assigned via DHCP. I've also never seen any application permanently tying a license to a single IP address. –  Brad Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 6:04
• 2 This is a great answer... the first line stinks tho, You start out by implying that it's the poor man's solution, but go on to sell the merits. –  Tyson Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 13:08
• 3 To call the the Poor-man's solution, you should explain what the more elegant rich-man's solution would be. (Sorry for the double comment, the edit button for the one above is already gone.) –  Tyson Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 13:16
• 1 I'm not knocking it at all. I just meant "poor-man's solution" as in it's built-in and therefore free. There are IPAM solutions out there that cost money -- some lots of money -- and offer all kinds of features beyond your basic DHCP functions. –  Wes Sayeed Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 18:56

As a printer tech, DHCP reservations are preferable to static IP assignments. You can manage them centrally as well as ensure that the device always has the current DNS and other network info.

However, DHCP reservations require you to have access to the router/DHCP server, which as an outside vendor isn't always possible. If you can't do DHCP reservations, use a static IP (being sure to manually enter subnet, DNS, etc.) but try to make it outside the DHCP scope if possible.

I have never ran into a situation that I NEEDED to use a static but was more profitable to use one such as office laser jet printers (when you do always block the ip address from DHCP).

In my opinion laptops, phones, and any "mobile" devices should be reserved not static. It requires no set up on the device and the server will reserve that address for that device.

When it comes to printers and in certain cases workstations (if you need to know the address... for remote desktop ect.) always go static but remember to block the address from DHCP.

Remember though if you need to re-configure your subnet mask for any reason any and all static devices must be changed. Always think about future needs.

I have several devices at home, that need fixed IP addresses and many others where I desire fixed IP addresses. Over the years I have discovered that the choice between static IP addresses or DHCP reservations depends on the nature of the application and convenience (how many and how often do you have to set them).

For devices whose configuration does not change often (NAS, desktops, VDI machines, print server, routers, switches) and where it takes little to no effort to change IP addresses, I prefer static addresses. For everything else (IP Cams, printers, thin clients, IoT devices), I use DHCP reservations. Setting a static IP on a computer is extremely easy; once set, I don't have to visit them for years. On the other hand, I may reset printers, IP cams, Raspberry Pi devices, UPS etc. several times. It is much easier to make DHCP reservations on the DHCP server for these devices, and expect to find the reset device at the same IP every time.

Regardless of how I set the IP, I always have a reservation on the DHCP server (for consistency sake) and I track them on a spreadsheet.

A manual IP allocation is always more worthy. As an administrator, it is very important to keep a track on users' activities and DHCP gives a new IP after every 8 days by default. In such cases you cannot maintain any record for your IP addresses. Also if you want to permit different internet access authority to different departments, manual IP allocation is the best and most reliable option.

Static techniques take time but its always better to go for a static IP address if you have a big network.

• 5 But DHCP reservation also ensure the same device will always get the same IP address.. so besides the above answers (where a static IP is a MUST and no option otherwise), you can still manage your devices IP address using DHCP reservation (and all done via a central console, without configuring every single client devices). Or am I missing something? –  Darius Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 13:09
• 4 I agree with @Darius... and sorry Stephen, but your answer shows that you don't understand the concept of DHCP reservations. –  Tyson Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 13:24
• Well thanks Tyson! yes I think I went on another track. Hope to serve better next time. –  Stephen Commented Sep 17, 2014 at 7:45

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DHCP vs. Static IP: Comparison & Key Differences

Every device on a network has a unique identification number following the IP protocol, which makes it the industry standard for networking devices like routers and network switches to communicate with one another. Generally, there are 2 types of IP addresses based on their permanency — static and dynamic. Both of them have their distinctive qualities, but which is better?

What is the difference between static and DHCP IP addresses? Let’s explore this small guide from Expert Tech to find the ideal answer to this question.

What is a Static IP Address?

Having enterprise-grade network solutions and the proper functioning IP addresses is a great advantage for every luxury home in New York City and Brooklyn. An ongoing IP address that remains the same even after a device reset is known as a static IP address.

A server’s static IP address is often given to host a website and offer email, VPN , and FTP services. You should take into account the unique qualities of the static IP address. First, it needs to be manually configured, and each device on the network has a unique address under the static IP address. Let’s look at the advantages of static IP addresses.

Benefits of Static IP

A significant advantage of adopting a static IP address is the capacity to host servers that other computers can reach using their internet connection.

Let’s get to know the main advantages of using a static IP address:

• Static IP addresses feature better DNS support and are considerably simpler to set up and manage.
• Clients can discover you via DNS more quickly if you have a static IP address.
• Using a Virtual Private Network or other remote access software is simpler with a static IP address.
• Static IP addresses make it easier to conduct teleconferences using Speech over Internet Protocol.
• Services can link an IP address to a specific place with a static IP address.

What is DHCP?

Now let’s learn more about DHCP. Network devices are configured for IP network communication via a mechanism known as the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol . Without an operational DHCP server on the network, it is impossible to create a dynamic IP address, which is one that frequently changes.

Using DHCP, IP addresses for physical network devices can be automatically and dynamically assigned. It provides a method for automatically updating and distributing IP addresses and other configuration data over the whole network. What are the advantages of DHCP?

Benefits of DHCP

DHCP servers have several benefits compared to older techniques for obtaining IP addresses. The attributes a DHCP server can provide are as follows:

• Autonomous IP address management that prevents duplicate IP address problems.
• DHCP enables the administrator to set lease times even with manually allocated IP addresses.
• Permits limit the MAC addresses that dynamic IP addresses can serve.
• Allows the administrator to set up DHCP connection server types other than BOOTP .
• Enables the creation of a pool of IP addresses for dynamic allocation . The pool might need to be a complete network or subnet for a user’s server.
• Enables a minimum of two dynamic IP address pools on different IP networks to be connected.

Key Differences Between DHCP and Static IP

You are now aware of both their benefits. In simple terms, the main difference between DHCP and Static IP is that the first one employs technology to assign IP addresses automatically, whilst the second describes the circumstance in which a network device always receives the same IP address.

DHCP VS Static IP?

• DHCP is a technology used to assign free IP addresses to networked computers, while Static IP is a straightforward concept; it simply means that a specific network device, like a computer or router, will always have the same IP address.
• Since DHCP is typically a common feature on routers, there isn’t a solid reason not to use it. Even if you have to utilize static IP addresses, you can still use DHCP.
• The DHCP address is more cost-efficient and secure.
• Network devices with static IP addresses can always use the same IP address, but a network administrator must keep track of every device with a static IP address to prevent it from being reused.
• Static IP addresses must be manually configured, so using them without a solid understanding of TCP/IP might lead to network problems.

Final Thoughts: Which One is the Better IP?

Proper IP addressing is necessary to connect devices on a network. So which is better, DHCP or static IP? 

Network managers benefit from DHCP because it effectively handles the time-consuming operation of allocating a special IP address to each connected device. Additionally, DHCP is used by wireless access points, which eliminates the requirement for managers to set up their devices manually.

Additionally, DHCP is more desirable because it is less expensive and needs less maintenance than static IP addresses . All in all, based on the advice of professional technicians at Expert Tech , getting DHCP might give you more benefits than getting a static IP address.

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DHCP IP reservation or Set a Static IP address for a device

We are experiencing extremely high contact volume right now and estimated wait times will be higher than normal. We appreciate your patience and understanding as we work to provide support as quickly as possible. In the meantime, please visit our Help Center for troubleshooting articles and our Community Forums.

When you use DHCP IP reservation, you're telling your Wi-Fi network to assign the same IP address to a specific device whenever that device connects to your network.

Why use DHCP IP reservation or Static IP

Most devices use DHCP, which assigns dynamic IP addresses, as a default. But sometimes, you want devices to always have the same IP address.

For example, a wireless printer. When you print something, your computer and printer locate each other using IP addresses. If your printer’s IP address keeps changing, your computer may not always be able to find it. Giving your printer a static IP address ensures that your computer always knows the address of your printer as it won’t change if it’s rebooted or if a DHCP IP lease expires.

• You'll need DHCP IP reservation (Static IP for your client) if you want to set up port forwarding to that device.
• You can customize the subnet you use under LAN settings (if you prefer to use a different subnet).
• This article applies only to local devices connected to your router (laptop, smartphone, tablet, etc.). They can have static IP addresses that only your router sees. The outside world won’t see these static IP addresses. But your router can also have a static IP address that the rest of the internet sees. Learn about Static IP for your Wifi point’s WAN .

Change your DHCP settings

• Tap the device for which you’d like to assign a static IP.

Note : You may need to disconnect this device from your Wi-Fi network and reconnect it before it is assigned the reserved IP.

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Static IP vs. dynamic IP addresses: What's the difference?

Static IP addresses are typically used for servers, routers and switches. Dynamic IP addresses, however, are commonly used for workstations, phones and tablets.

• Damon Garn, Cogspinner Coaction

It's imperative for sys admins to manage IP addressing properly, even in simple networks. Routers, firewalls and monitoring tools all use IP addresses to uniquely identify and organize network devices.

Network nodes usually have the following three identities:

• Internet Protocol (IP) address.
• Media access control (MAC) address.

Hostnames are assigned by administrators and are descriptive names helpful to human users, such as webserver3.mydomain.internal. MAC addresses are hardcoded on the network interface card (NIC) and are unique to it. IP addresses are logical addresses managed by administrators.

Each network node needs an IP address. These addresses are assigned and configured in two primary ways: static assignment and dynamic assignment.

This article discusses both static and dynamic addressing, what these concepts mean and when to use each one.

Rules to keep in mind

At a minimum, IP address settings consist of the actual IP address and a subnet mask. It is likely, however, that sys admins will also configure the IP address of a default gateway (router) and name resolution servers. These configurations can't contain mistakes or typos, and no duplicate IP addresses on the network are permitted. These are critical factors to keep in mind.

Static IP address assignment

An administrator manually configures static IP addresses on a node. The admin sets the desired IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, name server and other values. While the process is usually simple, admins should keep the following points in mind:

• The sys admin can make no mistakes or typographical errors and must avoid any duplicate IP address assignments for either static or dynamic addressing.
• The process is easy but time-consuming when calculated against every device on the network.
• Any updates or modifications to the IP settings also must be configured manually.

In practice, static IP address assignments are usually only made to a specific and relatively small part of the network, such as the following:

• Network print devices (though not all admins set static IP addresses on printers).

If these devices are the only ones that are manually configured, how do other devices -- such as workstations, phones or tablets -- get their IP address settings?

The answer: dynamic IP address assignment.

Dynamic IP address assignment

Most network devices temporarily lease an IP address configuration from a central server called a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ( DHCP ) server. Administrators configure the DHCP server with a pool of available IP addresses and any additional options. Client machines then connect to the DHCP server to lease a configuration.

As with static IP address assignment, dynamic configurations consist of several related values, including the following:

• IP address and subnet mask.
• Default gateway.
• Name servers.

Network nodes require unique IP addresses, and these addresses can be manually assigned by administrators or dynamically assigned by a DHCP server.

Dynamic assignment is appropriate for client machines that don't need a consistent, unchanging identity on the network. For example, 50 workstations might share and connect to a network print device located at 192.168.2.42. The workstations always expect to find that printer at that address, so that printer needs an unchanging identity. Typically, however, client devices don't host services or resources that must be consistently found at the same address.

Further, client devices tend to be much more temporary than servers, routers and printers. Laptops, tablets and phones come and go on the network daily or even hourly, especially in environments such as coffee shops or libraries.

Static addressing pros and cons

Static IP address configurations are usually for unchanging network devices.

Advantages of static IP addresses include the following:

• The network identity does not change.
• The node can be connected to regardless of name resolution issues.
• Administrators retain tight control over identities.
• Network resources can be mapped to unchanging IP addresses.

Static IP addresses have their disadvantages as well:

• Mistakes cannot be made during static assignment.
• Administrators must not accidentally assign duplicate addresses.
• Setting and changing the IP address configuration is manual and time-consuming.

Dynamic addressing pros and cons

Dynamic IP assignments are best for nonpermanent devices and those that don't often need to be found by other network nodes.

Dynamic IP addresses offer the following advantages:

• The server does not make typographical errors.
• Duplicate IP address assignments are reduced.
• Changing the IP address configuration is quick and efficient.
• Network nodes are easy to identify.

Disadvantages of dynamic IP addresses include the following:

• Nodes will have different identities over time.
• It is more difficult to identify specific nodes on the network.

Tracking IP address configurations

Administrators must track IP address configurations . Tracking doesn't have to be complex, and network services can help.

At its most basic, tracking may consist of a simple spreadsheet that clearly notes the statically assigned IP addresses and the nodes on which they are configured. The spreadsheet should also list the range of addresses included in the DHCP scope that will be dynamically assigned.

Various network services also help administrators track IP address settings. For example, IP address management can track which nodes have which IP addresses. Regardless of which method sys admins use, it's essential for them to document the IP address configuration of their network.

Lease generation and renewal

DHCP clients go through a four-step process to lease an IP address configuration: discover, offer, request and acknowledge -- or DORA.

Because the client devices don't yet have a valid IP address, the entire process takes place via broadcasts. Below is a breakdown of the lease process:

• The client broadcasts a discover message asking for DHCP servers to provide an IP address.
• The DHCP server offers an unassigned IP address from its scope.
• The client formally requests the use of the IP address from the first DHCP server to respond.
• The server acknowledges the request and logs the IP address leased to that network device.

Note that the clients initiate the process, not the server. DHCP servers are passive, awaiting lease requests from clients.

One parameter set by a DHCP server is the lease duration. The leased IP address is not permanent, meaning the client must periodically attempt to renew the address. This enables administrators to update the DHCP configuration and the updates to eventually reach the client devices.

Windows DHCP servers use an eight-day lease by default. This means clients that lease an IP address from the server have a valid configuration for eight days. At the halfway point in the lease -- in this case, four days -- the client attempts to renew its configuration. The renewal is steps three and four of the DORA process: request and acknowledge. The renewal will likely be successful, and the lease duration will reset.

So, why wouldn't a renewal attempt be successful? The DHCP server may have an updated configuration, meaning the client is attempting to renew outdated settings. In this case, the DHCP server fails the renewal attempt, which causes the client device to initiate an entirely new lease generation attempt. Such an attempt provides it with the updated settings.

Automatic private IP addressing

If a client computer cannot lease an IP address configuration from a DHCP server, it uses Automatic Private IP Addressing ( APIPA ) to create a self-generated address.

APIPA addresses use the Class B range 169.254.0.0. The client will generate random values between 1 and 254 for the last two octets. While these addresses may enable a little network connectivity, they are more like error messages. If a client has an APIPA address, sys admins can know the lease generation process failed and begin troubleshooting based on that information.

Sys admins can use tools such as Nmap to identify nodes on the network. These nodes will be displayed by their IP addresses, and admins can use that information for tracking and documenting IP address configurations.

Another useful exercise is to capture the DORA process as it happens by using Wireshark . This is a great way to learn and visualize the lease generation process.

Intrusion detection systems often identify utilities such as Wireshark and Nmap as hacker tools. Such systems may send a warning to the organization's security administrators. Do not run these tools on a production network without express authorization.

We'll dive deeper into troubleshooting in another article. But sys admins can use ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew on Windows to force the lease generation process. The ipconfig command and its related switches can be helpful for troubleshooting. Use dhclient -r and dhclient on Linux systems to accomplish the same result.

Most network environments rely on a combination of the two approaches: Admins directly configure devices such as servers and routers, while DHCP configures client devices. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, with benefits centered around convenience and consistency.

The dynamic method uses the four-step DORA process in which a client leases a configuration from a DHCP server and must periodically renew that address. If this process fails, the client assigns itself an address from the reserved Class B range, 169.254.0.0 -- the APIPA range.

Setting up a Windows DHCP server is relatively straightforward, as is managing DHCP client configurations. We'll provide details on both those topics in future articles.

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• When to Use a Static IP Address

Are static IP addresses better than dynamic addresses?

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Static IP Address Uses

• Static vs. Dynamic
• When Not to Use a Static IP

Static IP Address Assignment on Home Networks

• Getting a Static Public IP Address

A static IP address, or fixed IP address , is an IP address that never changes. Not everyone needs a static IP address, but knowing how they differ from dynamic IP addresses can help you understand whether you should use a static IP address.

Here are some example situations for when you might need a static IP address:

• Setting up a home file server .
• Adding a second router to a network.
• Enabling access to a computer when away from home or work.
• Forwarding ports to certain devices.
• Sharing a printer over a network.
• Connecting to an IP camera when away from home.

Static & Dynamic: What They Mean

The terms static and dynamic are simple to understand. At the core, the only real change you'll notice between static versus dynamic IP addresses is that the former never changes, while the latter does.

Most people don't care if their IP address changes. If you never know what your IP address is and never have a reason to keep it the same, then dynamic addresses are fine for you.

However, if your network or computer is set up in a specific way where some devices would work easier and set up would be smoother for you as the admin if an IP address always stayed the same, then static addressing is what you want.

Static IP addresses are assigned manually by an administrator. In other words, the device receiving the static IP is given a specific address (such as 192.168.1.2 ), and from then on, the address never changes.

Dynamic IP addresses are not assigned manually. They are assigned automatically by DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).

When Static IP Addresses Are Used

Static IP addresses are necessary for devices that need constant access.

For example, a static IP address is necessary if your computer is configured as a server, such as an FTP server or web server. If you want to ensure that people can always access your computer to download files, force the computer to use a static, never-changing IP address.

If the server was assigned a dynamic IP address, it would change occasionally, preventing your router from knowing which computer on the network is the server.

If you want to access your home computer while you're on a trip or your work computer when you're at home, setting up the computer to use a static IP address lets you reach that computer at any time without fearing that the address will change and block your access to it.

A shared printer is another example of when to use a static IP address. If you have a printer that everyone in your house or office needs to share, give it an IP address that won't change no matter what. That way, when every computer is set up to connect to that printer, those connections remain indefinitely because the address never changes.

Here are some other reasons to use static IPs:

• They provide slightly better protection against network security problems than DHCP address assignment provides.
• Some network devices don't support DHCP.
• They help avoid potential  IP address conflicts where DHCP might supply an address already assigned elsewhere.
• They provide geolocation that's more accurate than a dynamic IP address.

When Not to Use a Static IP Address

Because a static IP address is assigned manually, it's less efficient for a network admin to give it out, especially in mobile situations. Someone must visit the device in person to give it an IP address instead of letting DHCP assign the address automatically.

For example, you wouldn't set a static IP address on a smartphone because the moment it reaches another Wi-Fi network, the address might not be supported on that network, meaning that it won't be able to access the internet.

Dynamic addressing is more convenient in this situation because it's easy for administrators to set up. DHCP works automatically with minimal intervention needed, allowing mobile devices to move between different networks seamlessly.

Businesses are more likely to use static IP addresses than home networks. Implementing static IP addresses isn't easy and frequently requires a knowledgeable technician.

However, you can have a static IP address for your home network. When making static IP assignments for local devices on home and other private networks, the address numbers should be chosen from the  private IP address  ranges defined by the Internet Protocol standard:

• 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255

These ranges support thousands of IP addresses. It's common for people to assume they can choose any number in the range and that the specific choice doesn't matter much. This is untrue.

To choose and set specific static IP addresses suitable for your network, follow these guidelines:

• Do not choose any addresses that end with .0 or .255 . These addresses are usually reserved for use by network protocols .
• Do not choose the addresses at the beginning of a private range. Addresses like 10.0.0.1 , 192.168.0.1 , and 192.168.0.100 are commonly used by network routers and other consumer devices. These are the first addresses hackers attack when trying to break into a private computer network.
• Don't choose an IP address that falls outside the range of your local network. For example, to support all addresses in the 10.x.x.x private range, the subnet mask on all devices must be set to 255.0.0.0. If they aren't, some static IP addresses in this range don't work.

How to Get a Static Public IP Address

Internet service providers (ISP) traditionally assign all their IP addresses to customers dynamically, due to historical shortages of available IP numbers.

Contact your service provider if you prefer a static IP address. You can't get a static public IP address without requesting it from your ISP. Customers can sometimes obtain a static IP by subscribing to a special service plan and paying extra fees.

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• What Is a Static IP Address?
• What Is an IP Address Conflict?
• How to Change Your IP Address
• What Is DHCP? (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
• How to Set Up Port Forwarding
• How to Work With IP Address 192.168.100.1
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• Understanding the 192.168.1.100 IP Address
• What Is a Public IP Address? (and How to Find Yours)
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Assigning a fixed IP address to a machine in a DHCP network

I want to assign a fixed private IP address to a server so that local computers can always access it.

Currently, the DHCP address of the server is something like 192.168.1.66 .

Should I simply assign the server this same IP as fixed and configure the router so that it will exclude this IP from the ones available for DHCP? Or are there some ranges of IP that are traditionally reserved for static addresses?

My beginner's question doesn't relate to commands but to general principles and good practices.

Practical case (Edit 1 of 2)

Thank you for the many good answers, especially the very detailed one from Liam.

I could access the router's configuration.

When booting any computer, it obtains its IPv4 address in DHCP.

The IP and the MAC addresses that I can see with the ipconfig all command in Windows match those in the list of connected devices that the router displays, so that I can confirm who is who.

The list of connected devices is something like

Things that I don't understand:

• Although all IP addresses are all obtained in DCHP, they are displayed as by the router as if they are static addresses.
• The router's setting "Enable DHCP on LAN" is set on "Off" but the IP addresses are obtained in DHCP.
• IP addresses attributed to the computers are outside of the very narrow DHCP range of 192.168.1.33 to 192.68.1.35

On any Windows computer connected in DCHP, ipconfig /all shows something like:

I'm missing something, but what?

Practical case (Edit 2 of 2)

Solution found.

For details, see my answer to Michal's comment at the bottom of this message.

I must admit that the way the router display things keeps some parts a mystery. The router seems to be using DHCP by default, but remembers the devices that were connected to it (probably using their mac address). It could be the reason why it lists the IPs as static although they're dynamic. There was also Cisco router at 192.168.1.4 which appeared for some business communications service, but I had no credentials to access it.

• There's no standard governing DHCP reservation ranges, but it would be kinda nice. –  LawrenceC Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 2:43
• Some routers allow you to define an IP for a chosen mac-address. Use that and DHCP will keep that address for your server. You could also set a DHCP range to e.g. 192.168.0.128 - 192.168.0.254 in a 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0 network and set all static addresses on the "static" servers from within 192.168.0.2 - 192.168.0.127 range. –  Michal B. Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 7:29
• @Michal B.: I agree and did it meanwhile.: 1. Obtain the server's mac address. 2. Observe which IPs the router assigns to computers (eg. 192.168.0.50 to 192.168.1.70 ) 3. Start the server in DHCP. In the router panel, name it, basing on its mac address so that the router will remember it. 4. In the server switch IP from DHCP mode to manual and assign an IP that is beyond the ones that the router would assign to other devices (eg. 192.168.1.100 ). You can use nmtui and then edit the config file where you can replace PREFIX=32 by NETMASK=255.255.255.0 . 6. Restart the network service. –  OuzoPower Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 9:58

7 Answers 7

Determine the IP address that is assigned to your server and then go onto the DHCP and set a DHCP reservation for that server.

• 1 Reservations are essentially self-documenting. ++ –  mfinni Commented Apr 4, 2018 at 21:30
• 5 @mfinni ++ only works for programmers. -- for your comment :P –  Canadian Luke Commented Apr 4, 2018 at 23:59
• ..and yes he should also use a fixed IP, and label it. Document it. Maybe even reserve a range for this. In an enterprise using internal VPN it is common for these IP's to be hard coded in HOSTS files and SSH config files so it is a big deal when they suddenly change. –  mckenzm Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 1:30

DHCP services differ across many possible implementations, and there are no ranges of IP that are traditionally reserved for static addresses; it depends what is configured in your environment. I'll assume we're looking at a typical home / SOHO setup since you mention your router is providing the DHCP service.

Should I simply assign the server this same IP as fixed and configure the router so that it will exclude this IP from the ones available for DHCP?

I would say that is not best practice. Many consumer routers will not have the ability to exclude a single address from within the DHCP range of addresses for lease (known as a 'pool'). In addition, because DHCP is not aware that you have "fixed" the IP address at the server you run the risk of a conflict. You would normally either:

• set a reservation in DHCP configuration so that the server device is always allocated the same address by the DHCP service, or
• set the server device with a static address that is outside the pool of addresses allocated by the DHCP service.

To expand on these options:

Reservation in DHCP

If your router allows reservations, then the first, DHCP reservation option effectively achieves what you have planned. Note the significant difference: address assignment is still managed by the DHCP service, not "fixed" on the server. The server still requests a DHCP address, it just gets the same one every time.

Static IP address

If you prefer to set a static address, you should check your router's (default) configuration to determine the block of addresses used for DHCP leases. You will normally be able to see the configuration as a first address and last address, or first address and a maximum number of clients. Once you know this, you can pick a static address for your server.

An example would be: the router is set to allow a maximum of 128 DHCP clients with a first DHCP IP address of 192.168.1.32. Therefore a device could be assigned any address from 192.168.1.32 up to and including 192.168.1.159. Your router will use a static address outside this range (generally the first or last address .1 or .254) and you can now pick any other available address for your server.

It depends on the configuration of your DHCP service. Check the settings available to you for DHCP then either reserve an address in DHCP or pick a static address that is not used by DHCP - don't cross the streams.

• 1 Double++ on this. –  ivanivan Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 3:26
• 1 Thank you Liam for your very detailed and useful answer. After accessing the router's configuration, other issues arised that I added in the original message. –  OuzoPower Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 9:45
• @OuzoPower I'm new to responding here so don't have enough rep to comment on the question. Your update shows your router is not providing the DHCP service. The setting is off on the router, and your Windows ipconfig output shows the DHCP service is provided from a device at 192.168.1.5 . Do you have Pi-Hole or another similar device providing DHCP? That's where you'll find your DHCP configuration. NB: This also explains why the router shows the addresses as static and why DHCP assigned addresses are outside the range configured on the router. –  Liam Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 9:52
• @Liam: No Pi-Hole or similar thing as far as I know. Solution found: As I could not set DHCP ranges in the router but could register the mac address of the server in the router and then attribute to the server a fixed IP address that is far beyond the range that the router is naturally assigning to existing devices. Thanks to the registration of the server's mac address, the router keeps it in memory and shows the server as missing when thus is off. For details, see my answer to Michal B. in the original post. This solution seems working like a charm. –  OuzoPower Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 10:11
• @OuzoPower That approach may work in the short term but how do you know that the address you have picked is outside the DHCP range? Many DHCP systems pick addresses at random from the available pool. At some point you will need to know what your DHCP configuration actually is, rather than estimating by observation (!) otherwise you will experience some conflict. Your question asked about best practice. Here, best practice would be to know what system is handling DHCP for your LAN. I would start by visiting 192.168.1.5 or https://192.168.1.5/ for clues. –  Liam Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 10:48

It's not a bad habit to divide your subnet to DHCP pool range and static ranges, but of course you can do what JohnA wrote - use reservation for your server, but first case is IMHO clearer, because you are not messing up your DHCP server with unused extra settings (it could be confusing then for another admins who are not aware of that the server is static). if using DHCP pool + static pool, then just don't forget to add your static server to DNS (create A/AAAA record for it).

• I would like to add that the downside of DHCP reservations for servers is that if your DHCP environment is not sufficient fault tolerant, a DHCP server outage could cause all manner of problems. Monitor the DHCP closely and set leases that are long enough to be able respond to problems even after a long weekend. –  JohnA Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 2:06

I prefer to set my network devices, servers, printers, etc. that require a static IP address out of range of the DHCP pool. For example, xx.xx.xx.0 to xx.xx.xx.99 would be set aside for fixed IP assignments and xx.xx.xx.100 to xx.xx.xx.250 would be set as the DHCP pool.

• I like this approach as well. This way I can still access the servers even if the DHCP server takes the morning off or decides to start handing out invalid leases! –  ErikF Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 1:24
• Using isc-dhcp-server this is required (this is what my pi does, along with DNS caching, a fake domain for my LAN, and some traffic shaping for some wireless stuff). Unfortunately, I've seen browser based router config pages (both factory and replacement) that either require a reserved address to be in the dynamic pool... or out of it. –  ivanivan Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 3:30

In addition to the other answers I want to concentrate on the fact that your router configuration does not seem to fit the IP address configuration on your server.

Please have a look on the output of ipconfig /all:

IPv4 Address ........ 192.168.1.xx(prefered)

Default Gateway ........ 192.168.1.1 (= IP of the router)

DHCP server ............ 192.168.1.5

The clients in the network don't get the IP address from the router, but a different DHCP server in the network (192.168.1.5 instead of 192.168.1.1). You have to find this server and check it's configuration instead of the router's DHCP server config, which is seemingly only used for Wireless.

My router ( OpenWRT ) allows for static DHCP leases.

Static leases are used to assign fixed IP addresses and symbolic hostnames to DHCP clients.

So, you supply the MAC address of the server and it's desired IP address as a "static lease", and DHCP will always allocate the same IP. The client machine (the server in this case) requires no configuration changes and still picks up its IP address (the configured address) from DHCP.

Note that you can't assign a fixed IP addresses in 192.168 so that clients can "always access it" unless you also give each client a fixed IP address and subnet. Because if the clients use DHCP, then they get whatever subnect the DHCP server gives them, and if they use automatic addressing, then they won't be in a 192.168 subnet.

Once you realise that the system can't be easily perfected, you can see that your best options depend on what you are trying to do. Upnp is a common way of making devices visible. DNS is a common way of making devices visible. WINS is a common way of making devices visible. DHCP is a common way of making devices visible.

All of my printers have reservations: my printers aren't critical infrastructure, I want to be able to manage them, many of the clients use UPNP or mDNS for discovery anyway.

My gateway and DNS servers have fixed IP address in a reserved range: My DHCP server provides gateway and DNS addresses, and my DHCP server does not have the capacity to do dynamic discovery or DNS lookup.

None of my streaming devices have fixed or reserved IP values at all: if the network is so broken that DHCP and DNS aren't working, there is no way that the clients will be able to connect to fixed IP addresses anyway.

• This literally makes no sense. Are you asserting that you can’t mix static and dynamic in a /16? –  Gaius Commented Apr 5, 2018 at 12:59
• I have asserted that if you use static, you haven't gauaranteed that clients can "always access it"Not at all. I've just asserted that I've mixed static and dynamic in my setup. –  user165568 Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 9:46
• @Gaius I have asserted that if you use static, you haven't guaranteed that clients can "always access it". I'm sorry that doesn't make sense to you: it's one of the primary reasons the world moved away from static. I've also asserted that I've mixed static and dynamic in my setup: see: "none of my streaming devices have fixed or reserved" and "DNS servers have fixed IP": the DNS servers are indeed in the same subnet as the clients. –  user165568 Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 9:52
• Sorry, but I must admin not understanding most of your answer. As far as I know, DNS are domain name servers and are useful when you want to name servers, like when assigning domain names to web sites. As I don't need domain names, DNS appears me useless. Accessing the server is not an issue without DNS. See my answer to Michal B. in the original post for the solution that I found. –  OuzoPower Commented Apr 6, 2018 at 10:18

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How to set static ip addresses on your router.

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Dhcp versus static ip assignment, when to use static ip addresses, assigning static ip addresses the smart way.

Routers both modern and antiquated allow users to set static IP addresses for devices on the network, but what's the practical use of static IP addresses for a home user? Read on as we explore when you should, and shouldn't, assign a static IP.

Dear How-To Geek, After reading over your five things to do with a new router article , I was poking around in the control panel of my router. One of the things I found among all the settings is a table to set static IP addresses. I'm pretty sure that section is self explanatory in as much as I get that it allows you to give a computer a permanent IP address, but I don't really understand why? I've never used that section before and everything on my home network seems to work fine. Should I be using it? It's obviously there for some reason, even if I'm not sure what that reason is! Sincerely, IP Curious

To help you understand the application of static IP addresses, let's start with the setup you (and most readers for that matter) have. The vasty majority of modern computer networks, including the little network in your home controlled by your router, use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). DHCP is a protocol that automatically assigns a new device an IP address from the pool of available IP addresses without any interaction from the user or a system administrator. Let's use an example to illustrate just how wonderful DHCP is and how easy it makes all of our lives.

Related: How to Set Up Static DHCP So Your Computer's IP Address Doesn't Change

Imagine that a friend visits with their iPad. They want to get on your network and update some apps on the iPad. Without DHCP, you would need to hop on a computer, log into your router's admin panel, and manually assign an available address to your friend's device, say 10.0.0.99. That address would be permanently assigned to your friend's iPad unless you went in later and manually released the address.

With DHCP, however, life is so much easier. Your friend visits, they want to jump on your network, so you give them the Wi-Fi password to login and you're done. As soon as the iPad connected to the router, the router's DHCP server checks the available list of IP addresses, and assigns an address with an expiration date built in. Your friend's iPad is given an address, connected to the network, and then when your friend leaves and is no longer using the network that address will return to the pool for available addresses ready to be assigned to another device.

All that happens behind the scenes and, assuming there isn't a critical error in the router's software, you'll never even need to pay attention to the DHCP process as it will be completely invisible to you. For most applications, like adding mobile devices to your network, general computer use, video game consoles, etc., this is a more than satisfactory arrangement and we should all be happy to have DHCP and not be burdened with the hassle of manually managing our IP assignment tables.

Although DHCP is really great and makes our lives easier, there are situations where using a manually assigned static IP address is quite handy. Let's look at a few situations where you would want to assign a static IP address in order to illustrate the benefits of doing so.

You need reliable name resolution on your network for computers that need to be consistently and accurately found. Although networking protocols have advanced over the years, and the majority of the time using a more abstract protocol like SMB (Server Message Block) to visit computers and shared folders on your network using the familiar //officecomputer/shared_music/ style address works just fine, for some applications it falls apart. For example, when setting up media syncing on XBMC it's necessary to use the IP address of your media source instead of the SMB name.

Any time you rely on a computer or a piece of software to accurately and immediately locate another computer on your network (as is the case with our XBMC example - the client devices need to find the media server hosting the material) with the least chance of error, assigning a static IP address is the way to go. Direct IP-based resolution remains the most stable and error free method of communicating on a network.

You want to impose a human-friendly numbering scheme onto your network devices. For network assignments like giving an address to your friend's iPad or your laptop, you probably don't care where in the available address block the IP comes from because you don't really need to know (or care). If you have devices on your network that you regularly access using command line tools or other IP-oriented applications, it can be really useful to assignment permanent addresses to those devices in a scheme that is friendly to the human memory.

For example, if left to its own devices our router would assign any available address to our three Raspberry Pi XBMC units. Because we frequently tinker with those units and access them by their IP addresses, it made sense to permanently assign addresses to them that would be logical and easy to remember:

The .90 unit is in the basement, the .91 unit is on the first floor, and the .92 unit is on the second floor.

You have an application the expressly relies on IP addresses.  Some applications will only allow you to supple an IP address to refer to other computers on the network. In such cases it would be extremely annoying to have to change the IP address in the application every time the IP address of the remote computer was changed in the DHCP table. Assigning a permanent address to the remote computer prevents you from the hassle of frequently updating your applications. This is why it's quite useful to assign any computer that functions as a server of any sort to a permanent address.

Before you just start assigning static IP addresses left and right, let's go over some basic network hygiene tips that will save you from a headache down the road.

First, check what the IP pool available on your router is. Your router will have a total pool and a pool specifically reserved for DHCP assignments. The total pool available to home routers is typically 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 or 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 . Then, within those ranges a smaller pool is reserved for the DHCP server, typically around 252 addresses in a range like 10.0.0.2 through 10.0.0.254. Once you know the general pool, you should use the following rules to assign static IP addresses:

• Never assign an address that ends in .0 or .255 as these addresses are typically reserved for network protocols. This is the reason the example IP address pool above ends at .254.
• Never assign an address to the very start of the IP pool, e.g. 10.0.0.1 as the start address is always reserved for the router. Even if you've changed the IP address of your router for security purposes , we'd still suggest against assigning a computer.
• Never assign an address outside of the total available pool of private IP addresses. This means if your router's pool is 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 every IP you assign (keeping in mind the prior two rules) should fall within that range. Given that there are nearly 17 million addresses in that pool, we're sure you can find one you like.

Some people prefer to only use addresses outside of the DHCP range (e.g. they leave the 10.0.0.2 through 10.0.0.254 block completely untouched) but we don't feel strongly enough about that to consider it an outright rule. Given the improbability of a home user needing 252 device addresses simultaneously, it's perfectly fine to assign a device to one of those addresses if you'd prefer to keep everything in, say, the 10.0.0.x block.

Related: How and Why All Devices in Your Home Share One IP Address

DHCP vs Static IP: Difference and Comparison

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DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Mechanism, is a protocol for allocating free IP addresses to machines connected to a network.

Static IP is not too complicated; it simply implies that the IP address of a particular network device, such as a computer or router, remains constant throughout.

The simplest way to do this is to configure the network card to use the same IP address. However, static IPs have limits and are tedious for the administrator. Therefore dynamic IPs are utilized instead.

Key Takeaways DHCP assigns dynamic IP addresses, while static IP addresses remain fixed. DHCP simplifies network administration, while static IP addresses require manual configuration. Static IP addresses, like hosting servers, are more reliable for certain applications but are more susceptible to security risks.

DHCP vs Static IP

The difference between DHCP and Static IP is that DHCP is a technology that automates the process of allocating IP addresses, while static IP is when a network device always receives the same IP address. Since most routers come with DHCP as a standard function, there’s no good reason not to utilize it when available. You can still use DHCP even if you have to use Static IPs.

Similar Reads

• DNS vs DHCP: Difference and Comparison
• Cisco DHCP Relay vs IP Helper: Difference and Comparison
• DHCP vs PPPoE: Difference and Comparison
• DHCP vs BOOTP: Difference and Comparison
• Static Characters vs Dynamic Characters: Difference and Comparison

An IP address may be automatically assigned to a computer or other networked device via the DHCP protocol, which stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

DHCP-assigned addresses on routers, switches, or servers simplify network administrators to set up and administer the network.

A home router, wireless router, or switch with NAT/DHCP may be purchased and connected to each computer on the web to set up DHCP.

Static IP addresses, as the name implies, do not change. Weeks, months, or even years may pass without any changes being made.

Companies that prefer static IPs are desired by companies that provide dedicated internet services such as web hosting since they are fixed. Manual assignment is used by Internet service providers (ISPs).

Comparison Table

What is DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers issue DHCP addresses. Additionally, it gives the device an IP address and a DNS server with a subnet mask.

Selecting “get an IP address automatically” in the network properties box on a Microsoft PC will dynamically cause the device to acquire an IP address.

A home router, wireless router, or switch with NAT/DHCP may be purchased and connected to each computer on the web to set up DHCP. It’s much simpler to manage a network when DHCP addressing is used.

An ever-changing IP address is referred to as a dynamic one. A DHCP server must be set up and running on the network before dynamic IP addresses may be created.

The DHCP server gives all devices connecting to the web a temporary IP address. IP addresses are assigned to network devices on a physical network using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

It distributes and updates IP addresses and other network configuration data automatically.

Assigning IP addresses to each machine on the network is tedious work for network managers, thus, using DHCP saves them time.

Configuring hundreds of devices takes a long time to do something that takes just a minute.

The usage of DHCP by wireless access points means users no longer have to set up their computers before connecting manually.

What is Static IP?

A static IP address is given to a device by hand and cannot be changed. IP addresses were first assigned using this technique.

In this case, the network administrator must manually enter the IP address for each machine on the network on the network setup page.

In addition, the administrator must provide information like the subnet mask and the default gateway in the configuration file for the router.

Furthermore, all of the network’s devices had to follow this procedure. If there are many devices on the web, assigning static IP addresses becomes challenging.

However, a static IP address remains in place until the network administrator or Internet service provider makes a manual adjustment (ISP).

In addition, the user’s IP address remains the same no matter how many times they connect to the network. To put it another way, the gadget always connects to the internet using the same IP address.

It provides remote access with the least amount of downtime possible. Additionally, the user has access to the device from anywhere.

Having static IPs and figuring out which one isn’t in use is a massive pain for those who aren’t acquainted with the procedure.

A static IP address may be assigned by associating it with the network card’s MAC address, which is different from the IP address.

Main Differences Between DHCP and Static IP

• DHCP is a technology that automates the process of allocating IP addresses, while static IP is when a network device always receives the same IP address.
• DHCP is mainly used for dynamic IP address assignment, although it may also be used for static IP address assignment.
• DHCP is used in wireless access points because static IP addresses are too inconvenient.
• While DHCP is used in the majority of networks due to its simplicity, static IP addresses are still needed in certain situations.
• The DCHP address is more secure, while the Static Ip address is less secure.
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4428804/

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Sandeep Bhandari holds a Bachelor of Engineering in Computers from Thapar University (2006). He has 20 years of experience in the technology field. He has a keen interest in various technical fields, including database systems, computer networks, and programming. You can read more about him on his bio page .

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DHCP - Static Mapping

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Bias-Free Language

The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language.

Table Of Contents DHCP—Static Mapping Contents Information About DHCP—Static Mapping DHCP Database and DHCP Server How to Configure DHCP—Static Mapping Configuring the DHCP Server and the Text File URL Prerequisites Restrictions Examples Configuration Examples for DHCP—Static Mapping Configuring the DHCP Server and the Static-Binding File URL: Example Additional References Related Documents Standards MIBs RFCs Technical Assistance Command Reference debug ip dhcp server origin Glossary DHCP—Static Mapping The DHCP—Static Mapping feature enables assignment of static IP addresses without creating numerous host pools with manual bindings by using a customer-created text file that the DHCP server reads. The benefit of this feature is that it eliminates the need for a long configuration file and reduces the space required in NVRAM to maintain address pools. Feature History for the DHCP—Static Mapping Feature Release Modification 12.3(11)T This feature was introduced. 12.2(27)SBA This feature was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(27)SBA. Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS Software Images Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS software image support. Access Cisco Feature Navigator at http://www.cisco.com/go/fn . You must have an account on Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the login dialog box and follow the instructions that appear. Contents • Information About DHCP—Static Mapping • How to Configure DHCP—Static Mapping • Configuration Examples for DHCP—Static Mapping • Command Reference • Glossary Information About DHCP—Static Mapping To configure this feature, you should understand the following concept: • DHCP Database and DHCP Server DHCP Database and DHCP Server A DHCP database contains an external file that is configured by a DHCP server. The file contains the mappings between a client IP address and the hardware address. There are two types of bindings: manual bindings that are special address pools stored in NVRAM, and automatic bindings that are assigned from an address pool by the DHCP server. Automatic bindings are stored on a remote host called the database agent and are saved as text records for easy maintenance. Both manual and automatic bindings are static. The DHCP—Static Mapping feature enables the capability of reading the static bindings in a separate text file (similar in format to the DHCP database file) and configuring special pools to store bindings read from the files. The static-binding files are read when the existing database files are read, for example, when a router reloads or the service restarts. The files are read-only. The read automatic bindings are treated just like the manual bindings, in that they are: • Retained across DHCPRELEASEs from the clients. • Not timed out. • Deleted only upon deletion of the pool. • Provided appropriate exclusions for the contained addresses, which are created at the time of the read. Just like automatic bindings and manual bindings, the static bindings are also displayed by using the show ip dhcp binding static command. How to Configure DHCP—Static Mapping This section contains the following procedure: • Configuring the DHCP Server and the Text File URL (required) Configuring the DHCP Server and the Text File URL Perform this task to configure the DHCP server and text file URL. You will input your addresses in the text file, which is stored in the DHCP database for the DHCP server to read. There is no limit on the number of addresses or the number of address pools. The file format has the following elements: • IP address • Hardware type • Hardware address • Lease expiration Legal values are defined in the ARP section of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol , RFC 2131. There is also a special type ID that indicates that a field is a DHCP client identifier. A sample file is as follows: *time* January 21 2005 03:52 PM *version* 2 !IP address    Type      Hardware address               Lease expiration 2.0.0.4 /24         1            0090.bff6.081e                   Infinite 2.0.0.5 /28         id           00b7.0813.88f1.66 3.0.0.2 /21         1            0090.bff6.081d                  Infinite *end* If the subnet mask is not specified, a natural mask is assumed depending on the IP address. Prerequisites The administrator should create the static-binding text file in the correct format and configure the address pools before performing this task. Before editing the file, you must disable the DHCP server using the no service dhcp command. In the static-binding text file, there must be a space between the IP address and mask. Restrictions The bindings must not be deleted when a DHCPRELEASE is received or must not be timed out by the DHCP timer. The automatic bindings should be treated just like manual bindings created by using the ip dhcp pool command. SUMMARY STEPS 1. enable 2. configure terminal 3. ip dhcp pool name 4. origin file url 5. exit DETAILED STEPS   Command or Action Purpose Step 1  enable Example: Router> enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. • Enter your password if prompted. Step 2  configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal Enters global configuration mode. Step 3  ip dhcp pool name Example: Router(config)# ip dhcp pool abcpool Assigns a name to a DHCP pool and enters DHCP configuration mode. Note If you have already configured the IP DHCP pool name using the ip dhcp pool command and the static file URL using the origin file command, you must perform a fresh read using the no service dhcp command and service dhcp command. Step 4  origin file url Example: Router(dhcp-config)# origin file tftp://10.1.0.1/static-bindings Specifies the URL from which the DHCP server can locate the text file. Step 5  exit Example: Router(dhcp-config)# exit Exits to global configuration mode. Examples The following example shows what has been configured: Router# show ip dhcp binding 00:05:14:%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Bindings from all pools not associated with VRF: IP address  Client-ID/            Ls expir   Type    Hw address           User name 10.9.9.4/8  0063.7363.2d30.3036.  Infinite   Static  302e.3762.2e39.3634. 632d.4574.8892. 10.9.9.1/24 0063.6973.636f.2d30.  Infinite   Static  3036.302e.3437.3165. 2e64.6462.342d. The following sample shows each entry in the static-binding text file: *time* January 21 2005 22:52 PM !IP address Type        Hardware address                              Lease expiration 10.19.9.1 /24    id          0063.6973.636f.2d30.3036.302e.3437 10.9.9.4        id          0063.7363.2d30.3036.302e.3762.2e39.3634.632d  Infinite *end* The following sample debug output shows the reading of the bindings from the TFTP server: Router# debug ip dhcp server Loading abc/static_pool from 10.19.192.33 (via Ethernet0): [OK - 333 bytes] *May 26 23:14:21.259: DHCPD: contacting agent tftp://10.19.192.33/abc/static_pool (attempt 0) *May 26 23:14:21.467: DHCPD: agent tftp://10.19.192.33/abc/static_pool is responding. *May 26 23:14:21.467: DHCPD: IFS is ready. *May 26 23:14:21.467: DHCPD: reading bindings from                              tftp://10.19.192.33/abc/static_pool. *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: read 333 / 1024 bytes. *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line *time* Apr 22 2002 11:31 AM *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "" *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line !IP address Type Hardware address Lease expiration *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "10.9.9.1 /24 id 0063.6973.636f.2d30.3036.302e.3437" *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: creating binding for 10.9.9.1 *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: Adding binding to radix tree (10.9.9.1) *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: Adding binding to hash tree *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "10.9.9.4 id 0063.7363.2d30.3036.302e.3762.2e39.3634.632d" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: creating binding for 10.9.9.4 *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: Adding binding to radix tree (10.9.9.4) *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: Adding binding to hash tree *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line "Infinite" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line "" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line !IP address Interface-index Lease expiration VRF *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line "*end*" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: read static bindings from tftp://10.19.192.33/abcemp/static_pool. Configuration Examples for DHCP—Static Mapping This section contains the following configuration example: • Configuring the DHCP Server and the Static-Binding File URL: Example Configuring the DHCP Server and the Static-Binding File URL: Example The following example shows how to restart the DHCP server, configure the pool, and specify the URL at which the static-binding file is stored: no service dhcp service dhcp ip dhcp pool abcpool  origin file tftp://10.1.0.1/staticfilename Additional References The following sections provide references related to the DHCP—Static Mapping feature. Related Documents Related Topic Document Title DHCP overview and configuration Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide , Release 12.3 DHCP commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 4: Addressing and Services , Release 12.3 T Standards Standards Title No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature. — MIBs MIBs MIBs Link No new or modified MIBs are supported by this feature, and support for existing MIBs has not been modified by this feature. To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs RFCs RFCs Title RFC 2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Technical Assistance Description Link Technical Assistance Center (TAC) home page, containing 30,000 pages of searchable technical content, including links to products, technologies, solutions, technical tips, and tools. Registered Cisco.com users can log in from this page to access even more content. http://www.cisco.com/public/support/tac/home.shtml Command Reference This section documents modified commands only. • debug ip dhcp server • origin debug ip dhcp server To enable Cisco IOS Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server debugging, use the debug ip dhcp server command in privileged EXEC mode. To disable DHCP server debugging, use the no form of this command. debug ip dhcp server { events | packets | linkage | class } no debug ip dhcp server { events | packets | linkage | class } Syntax Description events Reports server events, such as address assignments and database updates. packets Decodes DHCP receptions and transmissions. linkage Displays database linkage information, such as parent-child relationships in a radix tree. class Displays DHCP class-based information. Command Modes Privileged EXEC Command History Release Modification 12.0(1)T This command was introduced. 12.2(13)ZH The class keyword was added. 12.3(4)T This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.3(4)T. 12.3(8)YA This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.3(8)YA. 12.3(11)T The output was enhanced to show the static mappings. 12.2(27)SBA This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(27)SBA. Examples The following example shows a combination of DHCP server events and decoded receptions and transmissions: Router# debug ip dhcp server events Router# debug ip dhcp server packets DHCPD:DHCPDISCOVER received from client 0b07.1134.a029 through relay 10.1.0.253. DHCPD:assigned IP address 10.1.0.3 to client 0b07.1134.a029. DHCPD:Sending DHCPOFFER to client 0b07.1134.a029 (10.1.0.3). DHCPD:unicasting BOOTREPLY for client 0b07.1134.a029 to relay 10.1.0.253. DHCPD:DHCPREQUEST received from client 0b07.1134.a029. DHCPD:Sending DHCPACK to client 0b07.1134.a029 (10.1.0.3). DHCPD:unicasting BOOTREPLY for client 0b07.1134.a029 to relay 10.1.0.253. DHCPD:checking for expired leases. The following example shows database linkage information: Router# debug ip dhcp server linkage DHCPD:child pool:10.1.0.0 / 255.255.0.0 (subnet10.1) DHCPD:parent pool:10.0.0.0 / 255.0.0.0 (net10) DHCPD:child pool:10.0.0.0 / 255.0.0.0 (net10) DHCPD:pool (net10) has no parent. DHCPD:child pool:10.1.0.0 / 255.255.0.0 (subnet10.1) DHCPD:parent pool:10.0.0.0 / 255.0.0.0 (net10) DHCPD:child pool:10.0.0.0 / 255.0.0.0 (net10) DHCPD:pool (net10) has no parent. The following example shows when a DHCP class is removed: Router# debug ip dhcp server class DHCPD:deleting class CLASS1 The following example shows the debug output when the configured pattern does not match: Router# debug ip dhcp server class DHCPD:Searching for a match to 'relay-information 0106000 400020202020800060009e80b8800' in class CLASS1 DHCPD:Searching for a match to 'relay-information 0106000400020202020800060009e80b8800' in class CLASS1 DHCPD:Searching for a match to 'relay-information 0106000 The following example shows the debug output when you unconfigure a DHCP pattern in a DHCP class and then configure the pattern in the DHCP class: Router# debug ip dhcp server class DHCPD:pattern 'relay-information 123456' removed from class CLASS1 DHCPD:Added pattern 'relay-information 010600040002020202 0800060009e80b8800' for class CLASS1 The following example shows the debug output when the configured pattern does match: Router# debug ip dhcp server class DHCPD:Searching for a match to 'relay-information 0106000 400020202020800060009e80b8800' in class CLASS1 DHCPD:input pattern 'relay-information 010600040002020202 0800060009e80b8800' matches class CLASS1 DHCPD:input matches class CLASS1 The following example shows the debug output when static mappings are configured: Router# debug ip dhcp server Loading abc/static_pool from 10.19.192.33 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 333 bytes] *May 26 23:14:21.259: DHCPD: contacting agent tftp://10.19.192.33/abc/static_pool (attempt 0) *May 26 23:14:21.467: DHCPD: agent tftp://10.19.192.33/abc/static_pool is responding. *May 26 23:14:21.467: DHCPD: IFS is ready. *May 26 23:14:21.467: DHCPD: reading bindings from                              tftp://10.19.192.33/abc/static_pool. *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: read 333 / 1024 bytes. *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "*time* Apr 22 2002 11:31 AM" *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "" *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line !IP address Type Hardware address Lease expiration. *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "10.9.9.1/24 id 0063.6973.636f.2d30.3036.302e.3437" *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: creating binding for 10.9.9.1 *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: Adding binding to radix tree (10.9.9.1) *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: Adding binding to hash tree *May 26 23:14:21.707: DHCPD: parsing text line "10.9.9.4 id 0063.7363.2d30.3036.302e.3762.2e39.3634.632d" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: creating binding for 10.9.9.4 *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: Adding binding to radix tree (10.9.9.4) *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: Adding binding to hash tree *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line "Infinite" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line "" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line !IP address Interface-index Lease expiration VRF. *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: parsing text line "*end*" *May 26 23:14:21.711: DHCPD: read static bindings from tftp://10.19.192.33/smith/static_pool. Related Commands Command Description debug dhcp Displays debugging information about the DHCP client and monitors the status of DHCP packets. debug ip ddns update Enables debugging for DDNS updates. host (host-list) Specifies a list of hosts that will receive DDNS updates of A and PTR RRs. ip ddns update hostname Enables a host to be used for DDNS updates of A and PTR RRs. ip ddns update method Specifies a method of DDNS updates of A and PTR RRs and the maximum interval between the updates. ip dhcp client update dns Enables DDNS updates of A RRs using the same hostname passed in the hostname and FQDN options by a client on an interface. ip dhcp-client update dns Enables DDNS updates of A RRs using the same hostname passed in the hostname and FQDN options by a client. ip dhcp update dns Enables DDNS updates of A and PTR RRs for most address pools. ip host-list Specifies a list of hosts that will receive DDNS updates of A and PTR RRs. show ip ddns update Displays information about the DDNS updates. show ip ddns update method Displays information about the DDNS update method. show ip dhcp server pool Displays DHCP server pool statistics. show ip host-list Displays the assigned hosts in a list. update dns Dynamically updates a DNS with A and PTR RRs for some address pools. origin To configure an address pool as an on-demand address pool (ODAP) or static mapping pool, use the origin command in DHCP pool configuration mode. To disable the ODAP, use the no form of this command. origin { dhcp | aaa | ipcp | file url } [ subnet size initial size [ autogrow size ]] no origin { dhcp | aaa | ipcp | file url } [ subnet size initial size [ autogrow size ]] Syntax Description dhcp Specifies the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) as the subnet allocation protocol. aaa Specifies authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) as the subnet allocation protocol. ipcp Specifies the IP Control Protocol (IPCP) as the subnet allocation protocol. file url Specifies the external database file that contains the static bindings assigned by the DHCP server. The url argument specifies the location of the external database file. subnet size initial size (Optional) Specifies the initial size of the first requested subnet. You can enter size as either the subnet mask (nnnn.nnnn.nnnn.nnnn) or prefix size (/nn). The valid values are /0 and /4 to /30. autogrow size (Optional) Specifies that the pool can grow incrementally. The size argument is the size of the requested subnets when the pool requests additional subnets (upon detection of high utilization). You can enter size as either the subnet mask (nnnn.nnnn.nnnn.nnnn) or prefix size (/nn). The valid values are /0 and /4 to /30. Defaults The default size value is /0. Command Modes DHCP pool configuration Command History Release Modification 12.2(8)T This command was introduced. 12.3(11)T The file keyword was added. 12.2(27)SBA This command was integrated in to Cisco IOS Release 12.2(27)SBA. Usage Guidelines If you do not configure the pool as an autogrow pool, the pool will not request additional subnets if one subnet is already in the pool. Use the dhcp keyword to obtain subnets from DHCP, the aaa keyword to obtain subnets from the AAA server, and the ipcp keyword to obtain subnets from IPCP negotiation. If you expect that the utilization of the pool may grow over time, use the autogrow size option. If a pool has been configured with the autogrow size option, ensure that the source server is capable of providing more than one subnet to the same pool. Even though the Cisco IOS software specifies the requested subnet size, it can accept any offered subnet size from the source server. Examples The following example shows how to configure an address pool named green to use DHCP as the subnet allocation protocol with an initial subnet size of 24 and an autogrow subnet size of 24: ip dhcp pool green   vrf green   origin dhcp subnet size initial /24 autogrow /24   utilization mark high 80   utilization mark low 20 The following example shows how to configure the location of the external text file: ip dhcp pool abcpool  origin file tftp://10.1.0.1/staticbindingfile Related Commands Command Description show ip dhcp pool Displays information about the DHCP address pools. Glossary address binding —A mapping between the client IP and hardware addresses. The client IP address may be pre-configured by the administrator (manual address allocation) or assigned from a pool by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server (automatic address allocation). address pool —The range of IP addresses assigned by the DHCP server. The pool may also store client parameters, such as default router and DNS servers. database agent —Any host storing the DHCP bindings database. DHCP client —Any host requesting configuration parameters. DHCP database —An external file configured in a DHCP server, which stores automatic bindings from the server. DHCP server —Any host providing configuration parameters. Note Refer to Internetworking Terms and Acronyms for terms not included in this glossary. Copyright © 2004, 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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