Research methodology vs. research methods
The research methodology or design is the overall strategy and rationale that you used to carry out the research. Whereas, research methods are the specific tools and processes you use to gather and understand the data you need to test your hypothesis.
To further understand research methodology, let’s explore some examples of research methodology:
a. Qualitative research methodology example: A study exploring the impact of author branding on author popularity might utilize in-depth interviews to gather personal experiences and perspectives.
b. Quantitative research methodology example: A research project investigating the effects of a book promotion technique on book sales could employ a statistical analysis of profit margins and sales before and after the implementation of the method.
c. Mixed-Methods research methodology example: A study examining the relationship between social media use and academic performance might combine both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It could include surveys to quantitatively assess the frequency of social media usage and its correlation with grades, alongside focus groups or interviews to qualitatively explore students’ perceptions and experiences regarding how social media affects their study habits and academic engagement.
These examples highlight the meaning of methodology in research and how it guides the research process, from data collection to analysis, ensuring the study’s objectives are met efficiently.
When it comes to writing your study, the methodology in research papers or a dissertation plays a pivotal role. A well-crafted methodology section of a research paper or thesis not only enhances the credibility of your research but also provides a roadmap for others to replicate or build upon your work.
Wondering how to write the research methodology section? Follow these steps to create a strong methods chapter:
At the start of a research paper , you would have provided the background of your research and stated your hypothesis or research problem. In this section, you will elaborate on your research strategy.
Begin by restating your research question and proceed to explain what type of research you opted for to test it. Depending on your research, here are some questions you can consider:
a. Did you use qualitative or quantitative data to test the hypothesis?
b. Did you perform an experiment where you collected data or are you writing a dissertation that is descriptive/theoretical without data collection?
c. Did you use primary data that you collected or analyze secondary research data or existing data as part of your study?
These questions will help you establish the rationale for your study on a broader level, which you will follow by elaborating on the specific methods you used to collect and understand your data.
Now that you have told your reader what type of research you’ve undertaken for the dissertation, it’s time to dig into specifics. State what specific methods you used and explain the conditions and variables involved. Explain what the theoretical framework behind the method was, what samples you used for testing it, and what tools and materials you used to collect the data.
Once you have explained the data collection process, explain how you analyzed and studied the data. Here, your focus is simply to explain the methods of analysis rather than the results of the study.
Here are some questions you can answer at this stage:
a. What tools or software did you use to analyze your results?
b. What parameters or variables did you consider while understanding and studying the data you’ve collected?
c. Was your analysis based on a theoretical framework?
Your mode of analysis will change depending on whether you used a quantitative or qualitative research methodology in your study. If you’re working within the hard sciences or physical sciences, you are likely to use a quantitative research methodology (relying on numbers and hard data). If you’re doing a qualitative study, in the social sciences or humanities, your analysis may rely on understanding language and socio-political contexts around your topic. This is why it’s important to establish what kind of study you’re undertaking at the onset.
Now that you have gone through your research process in detail, you’ll also have to make a case for it. Justify your choice of methodology and methods, explaining why it is the best choice for your research question. This is especially important if you have chosen an unconventional approach or you’ve simply chosen to study an existing research problem from a different perspective. Compare it with other methodologies, especially ones attempted by previous researchers, and discuss what contributions using your methodology makes.
No matter how thorough a methodology is, it doesn’t come without its hurdles. This is a natural part of scientific research that is important to document so that your peers and future researchers are aware of it. Writing in a research paper about this aspect of your research process also tells your evaluator that you have actively worked to overcome the pitfalls that came your way and you have refined the research process.
1. Remember who you are writing for. Keeping sight of the reader/evaluator will help you know what to elaborate on and what information they are already likely to have. You’re condensing months’ work of research in just a few pages, so you should omit basic definitions and information about general phenomena people already know.
2. Do not give an overly elaborate explanation of every single condition in your study.
3. Skip details and findings irrelevant to the results.
4. Cite references that back your claim and choice of methodology.
5. Consistently emphasize the relationship between your research question and the methodology you adopted to study it.
To sum it up, what is methodology in research? It’s the blueprint of your research, essential for ensuring that your study is systematic, rigorous, and credible. Whether your focus is on qualitative research methodology, quantitative research methodology, or a combination of both, understanding and clearly defining your methodology is key to the success of your research.
Once you write the research methodology and complete writing the entire research paper, the next step is to edit your paper. As experts in research paper editing and proofreading services , we’d love to help you perfect your paper!
Here are some other articles that you might find useful:
What does research methodology mean, what types of research methodologies are there, what is qualitative research methodology, how to determine sample size in research methodology, what is action research methodology.
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This is very simplified and direct. Very helpful to understand the research methodology section of a dissertation
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Why do you need a research methodology, what needs to be included, why do you need to document your research method, what are the different types of research instruments, qualitative / quantitative / mixed research methodologies, how do you choose the best research methodology for you, frequently asked questions about research methodology, related articles.
When you’re working on your first piece of academic research, there are many different things to focus on, and it can be overwhelming to stay on top of everything. This is especially true of budding or inexperienced researchers.
If you’ve never put together a research proposal before or find yourself in a position where you need to explain your research methodology decisions, there are a few things you need to be aware of.
Once you understand the ins and outs, handling academic research in the future will be less intimidating. We break down the basics below:
A research methodology encompasses the way in which you intend to carry out your research. This includes how you plan to tackle things like collection methods, statistical analysis, participant observations, and more.
You can think of your research methodology as being a formula. One part will be how you plan on putting your research into practice, and another will be why you feel this is the best way to approach it. Your research methodology is ultimately a methodological and systematic plan to resolve your research problem.
In short, you are explaining how you will take your idea and turn it into a study, which in turn will produce valid and reliable results that are in accordance with the aims and objectives of your research. This is true whether your paper plans to make use of qualitative methods or quantitative methods.
The purpose of a research methodology is to explain the reasoning behind your approach to your research - you'll need to support your collection methods, methods of analysis, and other key points of your work.
Think of it like writing a plan or an outline for you what you intend to do.
When carrying out research, it can be easy to go off-track or depart from your standard methodology.
Tip: Having a methodology keeps you accountable and on track with your original aims and objectives, and gives you a suitable and sound plan to keep your project manageable, smooth, and effective.
With all that said, how do you write out your standard approach to a research methodology?
As a general plan, your methodology should include the following information:
In any dissertation, thesis, or academic journal, you will always find a chapter dedicated to explaining the research methodology of the person who carried out the study, also referred to as the methodology section of the work.
A good research methodology will explain what you are going to do and why, while a poor methodology will lead to a messy or disorganized approach.
You should also be able to justify in this section your reasoning for why you intend to carry out your research in a particular way, especially if it might be a particularly unique method.
Having a sound methodology in place can also help you with the following:
A research instrument is a tool you will use to help you collect, measure and analyze the data you use as part of your research.
The choice of research instrument will usually be yours to make as the researcher and will be whichever best suits your methodology.
There are many different research instruments you can use in collecting data for your research.
Generally, they can be grouped as follows:
These are the most common ways of carrying out research, but it is really dependent on your needs as a researcher and what approach you think is best to take.
It is also possible to combine a number of research instruments if this is necessary and appropriate in answering your research problem.
There are three different types of methodologies, and they are distinguished by whether they focus on words, numbers, or both.
Data type | What is it? | Methodology |
---|---|---|
Quantitative | This methodology focuses more on measuring and testing numerical data. What is the aim of quantitative research? | Surveys, tests, existing databases. |
Qualitative | Qualitative research is a process of collecting and analyzing both words and textual data. | Observations, interviews, focus groups. |
Mixed-method | A mixed-method approach combines both of the above approaches. | Where you can use a mixed method of research, this can produce some incredibly interesting results. This is due to testing in a way that provides data that is both proven to be exact while also being exploratory at the same time. |
➡️ Want to learn more about the differences between qualitative and quantitative research, and how to use both methods? Check out our guide for that!
If you've done your due diligence, you'll have an idea of which methodology approach is best suited to your research.
It’s likely that you will have carried out considerable reading and homework before you reach this point and you may have taken inspiration from other similar studies that have yielded good results.
Still, it is important to consider different options before setting your research in stone. Exploring different options available will help you to explain why the choice you ultimately make is preferable to other methods.
If proving your research problem requires you to gather large volumes of numerical data to test hypotheses, a quantitative research method is likely to provide you with the most usable results.
If instead you’re looking to try and learn more about people, and their perception of events, your methodology is more exploratory in nature and would therefore probably be better served using a qualitative research methodology.
It helps to always bring things back to the question: what do I want to achieve with my research?
Once you have conducted your research, you need to analyze it. Here are some helpful guides for qualitative data analysis:
➡️ How to do a content analysis
➡️ How to do a thematic analysis
➡️ How to do a rhetorical analysis
Research methodology refers to the techniques used to find and analyze information for a study, ensuring that the results are valid, reliable and that they address the research objective.
Data can typically be organized into four different categories or methods: observational, experimental, simulation, and derived.
Writing a methodology section is a process of introducing your methods and instruments, discussing your analysis, providing more background information, addressing your research limitations, and more.
Your research methodology section will need a clear research question and proposed research approach. You'll need to add a background, introduce your research question, write your methodology and add the works you cited during your data collecting phase.
The research methodology section of your study will indicate how valid your findings are and how well-informed your paper is. It also assists future researchers planning to use the same methodology, who want to cite your study or replicate it.
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Research methodology is a crucial aspect of any investigative process, serving as the blueprint for the entire research journey. If you are stuck in the methodology section of your research paper , then this blog will guide you on what is a research methodology, its types and how to successfully conduct one.
Table of Contents
Research methodology can be defined as the systematic framework that guides researchers in designing, conducting, and analyzing their investigations. It encompasses a structured set of processes, techniques, and tools employed to gather and interpret data, ensuring the reliability and validity of the research findings.
Research methodology is not confined to a singular approach; rather, it encapsulates a diverse range of methods tailored to the specific requirements of the research objectives.
Here is why Research methodology is important in academic and professional settings.
Research methodology forms the backbone of rigorous inquiry. It provides a structured approach that aids researchers in formulating precise thesis statements , selecting appropriate methodologies, and executing systematic investigations. This, in turn, enhances the quality and credibility of the research outcomes.
In both academic and professional contexts, the ability to reproduce research outcomes is paramount. A well-defined research methodology establishes clear procedures, making it possible for others to replicate the study. This not only validates the findings but also contributes to the cumulative nature of knowledge.
In professional settings, decisions often hinge on reliable data and insights. Research methodology equips professionals with the tools to gather pertinent information, analyze it rigorously, and derive meaningful conclusions.
This informed decision-making is instrumental in achieving organizational goals and staying ahead in competitive environments.
For academic researchers, adherence to robust research methodology is a hallmark of excellence. Institutions value research that adheres to high standards of methodology, fostering a culture of academic rigour and intellectual integrity. Furthermore, it prepares students with critical skills applicable beyond academia.
Research methodology instills a problem-solving mindset by encouraging researchers to approach challenges systematically. It equips individuals with the skills to dissect complex issues, formulate hypotheses , and devise effective strategies for investigation.
In the pursuit of knowledge and discovery, understanding the fundamentals of research methodology is paramount.
Research, in its essence, is a systematic and organized process of inquiry aimed at expanding our understanding of a particular subject or phenomenon. It involves the exploration of existing knowledge, the formulation of hypotheses, and the collection and analysis of data to draw meaningful conclusions.
Research is a dynamic and iterative process that contributes to the continuous evolution of knowledge in various disciplines.
Research takes on various forms, each tailored to the nature of the inquiry. Broadly classified, research can be categorized into two main types:
To conduct effective research, one must go through the different components of research methodology. These components form the scaffolding that supports the entire research process, ensuring its coherence and validity.
Research design serves as the blueprint for the entire research project. It outlines the overall structure and strategy for conducting the study. The three primary types of research design are:
Choosing the right data collection methods is crucial for obtaining reliable and relevant information. Common methods include:
Once data is collected, analysis becomes imperative to derive meaningful conclusions. Different methodologies exist for quantitative and qualitative data:
Selecting an appropriate research method is a critical decision in the research process. It determines the approach, tools, and techniques that will be used to answer the research questions.
Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data, providing a structured and objective approach to understanding and explaining phenomena.
Experimental research involves manipulating variables to observe the effect on another variable under controlled conditions. It aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Key Characteristics:
Applications: Commonly used in scientific studies and psychology to test hypotheses and identify causal relationships.
Survey research gathers information from a sample of individuals through standardized questionnaires or interviews. It aims to collect data on opinions, attitudes, and behaviours.
Applications: Widely employed in social sciences, marketing, and public opinion research to understand trends and preferences.
Descriptive research seeks to portray an accurate profile of a situation or phenomenon. It focuses on answering the ‘what,’ ‘who,’ ‘where,’ and ‘when’ questions.
Applications: Useful in situations where researchers want to understand and describe a phenomenon without altering it, common in social sciences and education.
Qualitative research emphasizes exploring and understanding the depth and complexity of phenomena through non-numerical data.
A case study is an in-depth exploration of a particular person, group, event, or situation. It involves detailed, context-rich analysis.
Applications: Common in social sciences, psychology, and business to investigate complex and specific instances.
Ethnography involves immersing the researcher in the culture or community being studied to gain a deep understanding of their behaviours, beliefs, and practices.
Applications: Widely used in anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies to explore and document cultural practices.
Grounded theory aims to develop theories grounded in the data itself. It involves systematic data collection and analysis to construct theories from the ground up.
Applications: Commonly applied in sociology, nursing, and management studies to generate theories from empirical data.
Research design is the structural framework that outlines the systematic process and plan for conducting a study. It serves as the blueprint, guiding researchers on how to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
Exploratory design.
Exploratory research design is employed when a researcher aims to explore a relatively unknown subject or gain insights into a complex phenomenon.
Applications: Valuable in the early stages of investigation, especially when the researcher seeks a deeper understanding of a subject before formalizing research questions.
Descriptive research design focuses on portraying an accurate profile of a situation, group, or phenomenon.
Applications: Widely used in social sciences, marketing, and educational research to provide detailed and objective descriptions.
Explanatory research design aims to identify the causes and effects of a phenomenon, explaining the ‘why’ and ‘how’ behind observed relationships.
Applications: Commonly employed in scientific studies and social sciences to delve into the underlying reasons behind observed patterns.
Cross-sectional design.
Cross-sectional designs collect data from participants at a single point in time.
Applications: Suitable for studying characteristics or behaviours that are stable or not expected to change rapidly.
Longitudinal designs involve the collection of data from the same participants over an extended period.
Applications: Ideal for studying developmental processes, trends, or the impact of interventions over time.
Experimental design.
Experimental designs involve manipulating variables under controlled conditions to observe the effect on another variable.
Applications: Commonly used in scientific studies, psychology, and medical research to establish causal relationships.
Non-experimental designs observe and describe phenomena without manipulating variables.
Applications: Suitable for studying complex phenomena in real-world settings where manipulation may not be ethical or feasible.
Effective data collection is fundamental to the success of any research endeavour.
Objective Design:
Structured Format:
Pilot Testing:
Sampling Strategy:
Establishing Rapport:
Open-Ended Questions:
Active Listening:
Ethical Considerations:
1. participant observation.
Immersive Participation:
Field Notes:
Ethical Awareness:
Objective Observation:
Data Reliability:
Contextual Understanding:
1. using existing data.
Identifying Relevant Archives:
Data Verification:
Ethical Use:
Incomplete or Inaccurate Archives:
Temporal Bias:
Access Limitations:
Conducting research is a complex and dynamic process, often accompanied by a myriad of challenges. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure the reliability and validity of research findings.
Sampling bias:.
Measurement error:.
Timeline pressures:.
Selection bias:.
Conducting successful research relies not only on the application of sound methodologies but also on strategic planning and effective collaboration. Here are some tips to enhance the success of your research methodology:
Well-defined research objectives guide the entire research process. Clearly articulate the purpose of your study, outlining specific research questions or hypotheses.
A thorough literature review provides a foundation for understanding existing knowledge and identifying gaps. Invest time in reviewing relevant literature to inform your research design and methodology.
A detailed plan serves as a roadmap, ensuring all aspects of the research are systematically addressed. Develop a detailed research plan outlining timelines, milestones, and tasks.
Ethical practices are fundamental to maintaining the integrity of research. Address ethical considerations early, obtain necessary approvals, and ensure participant rights are safeguarded.
Research methodologies evolve, and staying updated is essential for employing the most effective techniques. Engage in continuous learning by attending workshops, conferences, and reading recent publications.
Unforeseen challenges may arise during research, necessitating adaptability in methods. Be flexible and willing to modify your approach when needed, ensuring the integrity of the study.
Research is often an iterative process, and refining methods based on ongoing findings enhance the study’s robustness. Regularly review and refine your research design and methods as the study progresses.
What is the research methodology.
Research methodology is the systematic process of planning, executing, and evaluating scientific investigation. It encompasses the techniques, tools, and procedures used to collect, analyze, and interpret data, ensuring the reliability and validity of research findings.
Research methodologies include qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative methods involve in-depth exploration of non-numerical data, while quantitative methods use statistical analysis to examine numerical data. Mixed methods combine both approaches for a comprehensive understanding of research questions.
To write a research methodology, clearly outline the study’s design, data collection, and analysis procedures. Specify research tools, participants, and sampling methods. Justify choices and discuss limitations. Ensure clarity, coherence, and alignment with research objectives for a robust methodology section.
In the methodology section of a research paper, describe the study’s design, data collection, and analysis methods. Detail procedures, tools, participants, and sampling. Justify choices, address ethical considerations, and explain how the methodology aligns with research objectives, ensuring clarity and rigour.
Mixed research methodology combines both qualitative and quantitative research approaches within a single study. This approach aims to enhance the details and depth of research findings by providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem or question.
Looking for interesting and manageable research topics in education? Your search ends right here because this blog post provides 50 […]
Cancer research is a vast and dynamic field that plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of this complex […]
If you are looking for research paper format, then this is your go-to guide, with proper guidelines, from title page to the appendices.
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Learning resources.
1. | |
A. | Wilkinson |
B. | CR Kothari |
C. | Kerlinger |
D. | Goode and Halt |
Answer» D. Goode and Halt |
2. | |
A. | Marshall |
B. | P.V. Young |
C. | Emory |
D. | Kerlinger |
Answer» C. Emory |
3. | |
A. | Young |
B. | Kerlinger |
C. | Kothari |
D. | Emory |
Answer» A. Young |
4. | |
A. | Experiment |
B. | Observation |
C. | Deduction |
D. | Scientific method |
Answer» D. Scientific method |
5. | |
A. | Deduction |
B. | Scientific method |
C. | Observation |
D. | experience |
Answer» B. Scientific method |
6. | |
A. | Objectivity |
B. | Ethics |
C. | Proposition |
D. | Neutrality |
Answer» A. Objectivity |
7. | |
A. | Induction |
B. | Deduction |
C. | Research |
D. | Experiment |
Answer» A. Induction |
8. | |
A. | Belief |
B. | Value |
C. | Objectivity |
D. | Subjectivity |
Answer» C. Objectivity |
9. | |
A. | Induction |
B. | deduction |
C. | Observation |
D. | experience |
Answer» B. deduction |
10. | |
A. | Caroline |
B. | P.V.Young |
C. | Dewey John |
D. | Emory |
Answer» B. P.V.Young |
11. | |
A. | Facts |
B. | Values |
C. | Theory |
D. | Generalization |
Answer» C. Theory |
12. | |
A. | Jack Gibbs |
B. | PV Young |
C. | Black |
D. | Rose Arnold |
Answer» B. PV Young |
13. | |
A. | Black James and Champion |
B. | P.V. Young |
C. | Emory |
D. | Gibbes |
Answer» A. Black James and Champion |
14. | |
A. | Theory |
B. | Value |
C. | Fact |
D. | Statement |
Answer» C. Fact |
15. | |
A. | Good and Hatt |
B. | Emory |
C. | P.V. Young |
D. | Claver |
Answer» A. Good and Hatt |
16. | |
A. | Concept |
B. | Variable |
C. | Model |
D. | Facts |
Answer» C. Model |
17. | |
A. | Objects |
B. | Human beings |
C. | Living things |
D. | Non living things |
Answer» B. Human beings |
18. | |
A. | Natural and Social |
B. | Natural and Physical |
C. | Physical and Mental |
D. | Social and Physical |
Answer» A. Natural and Social |
19. | |
A. | Causal Connection |
B. | reason |
C. | Interaction |
D. | Objectives |
Answer» A. Causal Connection |
20. | |
A. | Explain |
B. | diagnosis |
C. | Recommend |
D. | Formulate |
Answer» B. diagnosis |
21. | |
A. | Integration |
B. | Social Harmony |
C. | National Integration |
D. | Social Equality |
Answer» A. Integration |
22. | |
A. | Unit |
B. | design |
C. | Random |
D. | Census |
Answer» B. design |
23. | |
A. | Objectivity |
B. | Specificity |
C. | Values |
D. | Facts |
Answer» A. Objectivity |
24. | |
A. | Purpose |
B. | Intent |
C. | Methodology |
D. | Techniques |
Answer» B. Intent |
25. | |
A. | Pure Research |
B. | Action Research |
C. | Pilot study |
D. | Survey |
Answer» A. Pure Research |
26. | |
A. | Pure Research |
B. | Survey |
C. | Action Research |
D. | Long term Research |
Answer» B. Survey |
27. | |
A. | Survey |
B. | Action research |
C. | Analytical research |
D. | Pilot study |
Answer» C. Analytical research |
28. | |
A. | Fundamental Research |
B. | Analytical Research |
C. | Survey |
D. | Action Research |
Answer» D. Action Research |
29. | |
A. | Action Research |
B. | Survey |
C. | Pilot study |
D. | Pure Research |
Answer» D. Pure Research |
30. | |
A. | Quantitative |
B. | Qualitative |
C. | Pure |
D. | applied |
Answer» B. Qualitative |
31. | |
A. | Empirical research |
B. | Conceptual Research |
C. | Quantitative research |
D. | Qualitative research |
Answer» B. Conceptual Research |
32. | |
A. | Clinical or diagnostic |
B. | Causal |
C. | Analytical |
D. | Qualitative |
Answer» A. Clinical or diagnostic |
33. | |
A. | Field study |
B. | Survey |
C. | Laboratory Research |
D. | Empirical Research |
Answer» C. Laboratory Research |
34. | |
A. | Clinical Research |
B. | Experimental Research |
C. | Laboratory Research |
D. | Empirical Research |
Answer» D. Empirical Research |
35. | |
A. | Survey |
B. | Empirical |
C. | Clinical |
D. | Diagnostic |
Answer» A. Survey |
36. | |
A. | Ostle |
B. | Richard |
C. | Karl Pearson |
D. | Kerlinger |
Answer» C. Karl Pearson |
37. | |
A. | Redmen and Mory |
B. | P.V.Young |
C. | Robert C meir |
D. | Harold Dazier |
Answer» A. Redmen and Mory |
38. | |
A. | Technique |
B. | Operations |
C. | Research methodology |
D. | Research Process |
Answer» C. Research methodology |
39. | |
A. | Slow |
B. | Fast |
C. | Narrow |
D. | Systematic |
Answer» D. Systematic |
40. | |
A. | Logical |
B. | Non logical |
C. | Narrow |
D. | Systematic |
Answer» A. Logical |
41. | |
A. | Delta Kappan |
B. | James Harold Fox |
C. | P.V.Young |
D. | Karl Popper |
Answer» B. James Harold Fox |
42. | |
A. | Problem |
B. | Experiment |
C. | Research Techniques |
D. | Research methodology |
Answer» D. Research methodology |
43. | |
A. | Field Study |
B. | diagnosis tic study |
C. | Action study |
D. | Pilot study |
Answer» B. diagnosis tic study |
44. | |
A. | Social Science Research |
B. | Experience Survey |
C. | Problem formulation |
D. | diagnostic study |
Answer» A. Social Science Research |
45. | |
A. | P.V. Young |
B. | Kerlinger |
C. | Emory |
D. | Clover Vernon |
Answer» B. Kerlinger |
46. | |
A. | Black James and Champions |
B. | P.V. Young |
C. | Mortan Kaplan |
D. | William Emory |
Answer» A. Black James and Champions |
47. | |
A. | Best John |
B. | Emory |
C. | Clover |
D. | P.V. Young |
Answer» D. P.V. Young |
48. | |
A. | Belief |
B. | Value |
C. | Confidence |
D. | Overconfidence |
Answer» D. Overconfidence |
49. | |
A. | Velocity |
B. | Momentum |
C. | Frequency |
D. | gravity |
Answer» C. Frequency |
50. | |
A. | Research degree |
B. | Research Academy |
C. | Research Labs |
D. | Research Problems |
Answer» A. Research degree |
51. | |
A. | Book |
B. | Journal |
C. | News Paper |
D. | Census Report |
Answer» D. Census Report |
52. | |
A. | Lack of sufficient number of Universities |
B. | Lack of sufficient research guides |
C. | Lack of sufficient Fund |
D. | Lack of scientific training in research |
Answer» D. Lack of scientific training in research |
53. | |
A. | Indian Council for Survey and Research |
B. | Indian Council for strategic Research |
C. | Indian Council for Social Science Research |
D. | Inter National Council for Social Science Research |
Answer» C. Indian Council for Social Science Research |
54. | |
A. | University Grants Commission |
B. | Union Government Commission |
C. | University Governance Council |
D. | Union government Council |
Answer» A. University Grants Commission |
55. | |
A. | Junior Research Functions |
B. | Junior Research Fellowship |
C. | Junior Fellowship |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» B. Junior Research Fellowship |
56. | |
A. | Formulation of a problem |
B. | Collection of Data |
C. | Editing and Coding |
D. | Selection of a problem |
Answer» D. Selection of a problem |
57. | |
A. | Fully solved |
B. | Not solved |
C. | Cannot be solved |
D. | half- solved |
Answer» D. half- solved |
58. | |
A. | Schools and Colleges |
B. | Class Room Lectures |
C. | Play grounds |
D. | Infra structures |
Answer» B. Class Room Lectures |
59. | |
A. | Observation |
B. | Problem |
C. | Data |
D. | Experiment |
Answer» B. Problem |
60. | |
A. | Solution |
B. | Examination |
C. | Problem formulation |
D. | Problem Solving |
Answer» C. Problem formulation |
61. | |
A. | Very Common |
B. | Overdone |
C. | Easy one |
D. | rare |
Answer» B. Overdone |
62. | |
A. | Statement of the problem |
B. | Gathering of Data |
C. | Measurement |
D. | Survey |
Answer» A. Statement of the problem |
63. | |
A. | Professor |
B. | Tutor |
C. | HOD |
D. | Guide |
Answer» D. Guide |
64. | |
A. | Statement of the problem |
B. | Understanding the nature of the problem |
C. | Survey |
D. | Discussions |
Answer» B. Understanding the nature of the problem |
65. | |
A. | Statement of the problem |
B. | Understanding the nature of the problem |
C. | Survey the available literature |
D. | Discussion |
Answer» C. Survey the available literature |
66. | |
A. | Survey |
B. | Discussion |
C. | Literature survey |
D. | Re Phrasing the Research problem |
Answer» D. Re Phrasing the Research problem |
67. | |
A. | Title |
B. | Index |
C. | Bibliography |
D. | Concepts |
Answer» A. Title |
68. | |
A. | Questions to be answered |
B. | methods |
C. | Techniques |
D. | methodology |
Answer» A. Questions to be answered |
69. | |
A. | Speed |
B. | Facts |
C. | Values |
D. | Novelty |
Answer» D. Novelty |
70. | |
A. | Originality |
B. | Values |
C. | Coherence |
D. | Facts |
Answer» A. Originality |
71. | |
A. | Academic and Non academic |
B. | Cultivation |
C. | Academic |
D. | Utilitarian |
Answer» B. Cultivation |
72. | |
A. | Information |
B. | firsthand knowledge |
C. | Knowledge and information |
D. | models |
Answer» C. Knowledge and information |
73. | |
A. | Alienation |
B. | Cohesion |
C. | mobility |
D. | Integration |
Answer» B. Cohesion |
74. | |
A. | Scientific temper |
B. | Age |
C. | Money |
D. | time |
Answer» A. Scientific temper |
75. | |
A. | Secular |
B. | Totalitarian |
C. | democratic |
D. | welfare |
Answer» D. welfare |
76. | |
A. | Hypothesis |
B. | Variable |
C. | Concept |
D. | facts |
Answer» C. Concept |
77. | |
A. | Abstract and Coherent |
B. | Concrete and Coherent |
C. | Abstract and concrete |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» C. Abstract and concrete |
78. | |
A. | 4 |
B. | 6 |
C. | 10 |
D. | 2 |
Answer» D. 2 |
79. | |
A. | Observation |
B. | formulation |
C. | Theory |
D. | Postulation |
Answer» D. Postulation |
80. | |
A. | Formulation |
B. | Postulation |
C. | Intuition |
D. | Observation |
Answer» C. Intuition |
81. | |
A. | guide |
B. | tools |
C. | methods |
D. | Variables |
Answer» B. tools |
82. | |
A. | Metaphor |
B. | Simile |
C. | Symbols |
D. | Models |
Answer» C. Symbols |
83. | |
A. | Formulation |
B. | Calculation |
C. | Abstraction |
D. | Specification |
Answer» C. Abstraction |
84. | |
A. | Verbal |
B. | Oral |
C. | Hypothetical |
D. | Operational |
Answer» C. Hypothetical |
85. | |
A. | Kerlinger |
B. | P.V. Young |
C. | Aurthur |
D. | Kaplan |
Answer» B. P.V. Young |
86. | |
A. | Same and different |
B. | Same |
C. | different |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» C. different |
87. | |
A. | Greek |
B. | English |
C. | Latin |
D. | Many languages |
Answer» D. Many languages |
88. | |
A. | Variable |
B. | Hypothesis |
C. | Data |
D. | Concept |
Answer» B. Hypothesis |
89. | |
A. | Data |
B. | Concept |
C. | Research |
D. | Hypothesis |
Answer» D. Hypothesis |
90. | |
A. | Lund berg |
B. | Emory |
C. | Johnson |
D. | Good and Hatt |
Answer» D. Good and Hatt |
91. | |
A. | Good and Hatt |
B. | Lund berg |
C. | Emory |
D. | Orwell |
Answer» B. Lund berg |
92. | |
A. | Descriptive |
B. | Imaginative |
C. | Relational |
D. | Variable |
Answer» A. Descriptive |
93. | |
A. | Null Hypothesis |
B. | Working Hypothesis |
C. | Relational Hypothesis |
D. | Descriptive Hypothesis |
Answer» B. Working Hypothesis |
94. | |
A. | Relational Hypothesis |
B. | Situational Hypothesis |
C. | Null Hypothesis |
D. | Casual Hypothesis |
Answer» C. Null Hypothesis |
95. | |
A. | Abstract |
B. | Dependent |
C. | Independent |
D. | Separate |
Answer» C. Independent |
96. | |
A. | Independent |
B. | Dependent |
C. | Separate |
D. | Abstract |
Answer» B. Dependent |
97. | |
A. | Causal |
B. | Relational |
C. | Descriptive |
D. | Tentative |
Answer» B. Relational |
98. | |
A. | One |
B. | Many |
C. | Zero |
D. | None of these |
Answer» C. Zero |
99. | |
A. | Statistical Hypothesis |
B. | Complex Hypothesis |
C. | Common sense Hypothesis |
D. | Analytical Hypothesis |
Answer» C. Common sense Hypothesis |
100. | |
A. | Null Hypothesis |
B. | Casual Hypothesis |
C. | Barren Hypothesis |
D. | Analytical Hypothesis |
Answer» D. Analytical Hypothesis |
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Research methodology mcqs | research methodology short questions & answers.
Free download in PDF Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) & Answers. These multiple choice questions on Research Methodology are very useful for PhD entrance exam.
View Answer
Answer: Helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from another angle
Answer: It depends on your point of view
Article and Schedule Quiz |
Answer: Pr absorbs red light and becomes Pfr
Answer: Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis
Answer: A hypothesis
Answer: Sampling people, newspapers, television programmes etc.
Answer: Introduction; Literature review; Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion
Answer: Research questions
Answer: Experimental studies
Answer: Laboratory and field experiments
Answer: Reference collection
Answer: Emphasis upon the control of the immediate situation
Answer: Longitudinal
Answer: Cross-sectional studies
Answer: Variables
Answer: All of these
Answer: General terms
Answer: Inadequate sample
Answer: Fact finding (historical) studies
Answer: Booth
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Published by Alvin Nicolas at August 20th, 2024 , Revised On August 21, 2024
Research is usually done to provide solutions to an ongoing problem. Wherever the researchers see a gap, they tend to launch research to enhance their knowledge and to provide solutions to the needs of others. If they want to research from a subjective point of view, they consider qualitative research. On the other hand, when they research from an objective point of view, they tend to consider quantitative research.
There’s a fine line between subjectivity and objectivity. Qualitative research, related to subjectivity, assesses individuals’ personal opinions and experiences, while quantitative research, associated with objectivity, collects numerical data to derive results. However, the best medium to collect data in quantitative research is a questionnaire.
Let’s discuss what a quantitative research questionnaire is, its types, methods of writing questions, and types of survey questions. By thoroughly understanding these key essential terms, you can efficiently create a professional and well-organised quantitative research questionnaire.
Quantitative research questionnaires are preferably used during quantitative research. They are a well-structured set of questions designed specifically to gather specific, close-ended participant responses. This allows the researchers to gather numerical data and obtain a deep understanding of a particular event or problem.
As you know, qualitative research questionnaires contain open-ended questions that allow the participants to express themselves freely, while quantitative research questionnaires contain close-ended and specific questions, such as multiple-choice and Likert scales, to assess individuals’ behaviour.
Quantitative research questionnaires are usually used in research in various fields, such as psychology, medicine, chemistry, and economics.
Let’s see how you can write quantitative research questions by going through some examples:
After learning what a quantitative research questionnaire is and what quantitative research questions look like, it’s time to thoroughly discuss the different types of quantitative research questions to explore this topic more.
Dichotomous questions are those with a margin for only two possible answers. They are usually used when the answers are “Yes/No” or “True/False.” These questions significantly simplify the research process and help collect simple responses.
Example: Have you ever visited Istanbul?
Multiple-choice questions have a list of possible answers for the participants to choose from. They help assess people’s general knowledge, and the data gathered by multiple-choice questions can be easily analysed.
Example: Which of the following is the capital of France?
Multiple-answer questions are similar to multiple-choice questions. However, there are multiple answers for participants to choose from. They are used when the questions can’t have a single, specific answer.
Example: Which of the following movie genres are your favourite?
Likert scale questions are used when the preferences and emotions of the participants are measured from one extreme to another. The scales are usually applied to measure likelihood, frequency, satisfaction, and agreement. The Likert scale has only five options to choose from.
Example: How satisfied are you with your job?
Similar to Likert scales, semantic differential questions are also used to measure the emotions and attitudes of participants. The only difference is that instead of using extreme options such as strongly agree and strongly disagree, opposites of a particular choice are given to reduce bias.
Example: Please rate the services of our company.
Rank-order questions are usually used to measure the preferences and choices of the participants efficiently. In this, multiple choices are given, and participants are asked to rank them according to their perspective. This helps to create a good participant profile.
Example: Rank the given books according to your interest.
Matrix questions are similar to Likert scales. In Likert scales, participants’ responses are measured through separate questions, while in matrix questions, multiple questions are compiled in a single row to simplify the data collection method efficiently.
Example: Rate the following activities that you do in daily life.
Quantitative research questions allow researchers to gather empirical data to answer their research problems. As we have discussed the different types of quantitative research questions above, it’s time to learn how to write the perfect quantitative research questions for a questionnaire and streamline your research process.
Here are the steps to follow to write quantitative research questions efficiently.
The first step in writing quantitative research questions is to determine your research goals. Determining and confirming your research goals significantly helps you understand what kind of questions you need to create and for what grade. Efficiently determining the research goals also reduces the need for further modifications in the questionnaire.
There are two variables in the questions: independent and dependent. It is essential to decide what would be the dependent variable in your questions and what would be the independent. It significantly helps to understand where to emphasise and where not. It also reduces the probability of additional and vague questions.
It is also important to determine the right type of questions to add to your questionnaire. Whether you want Likert scales, rank-order questions, or multiple-answer questions, choosing the right type of questions will help you measure individuals’ responses efficiently and accurately.
Another thing to keep in mind while writing questions for a quantitative research questionnaire is to use easy and clear language. As you know, quantitative research is done to measure specific and simple responses in empirical form, and using easy and understandable language in questions makes a huge difference.
Always be mindful and specific about your topic. Avoid writing questions that divert from your topic because they can cause participants to lose interest. Use the basic terms of your selected topic and gradually go deep. Also, remember to align your topic and questions with your research objectives and goals.
When you have considered all the above-discussed things, it’s time to write your questions appropriately. Don’t just haste in writing. Think twice about the result of a question and then consider writing it in the questionnaire. Remember to be precise while writing. Avoid overwriting.
When you have finished writing questions, gather feedback from your researcher peers. Write down all the suggestions and feedback given by your peers. Don’t panic over the criticism of your questions. Remember that it’s still time to make necessary changes to the questionnaire before launching your campaign.
After gathering peer feedback, make necessary and appropriate changes to your questions. Be mindful of your research goals and topic. Try to modify your questions according to them. Also, be mindful of the theme and colour scheme of the questionnaire that you decided on. After refining the questions, finalise your questionnaire.
Quantitative research questionnaires have close-ended questions that allow the researchers to measure accurate and specific responses from the participants. They don’t contain open-ended questions like qualitative research, where the response is measured by interviews and focus groups. Good combinations of questions are used in the quantitative research survey .
However, here are the types of surveys in quantitative research:
The descriptive survey is used to obtain information about a particular variable. It is used to associate a quantity and quantify research variables. The questions associated with descriptive surveys mostly start with “What is” and “How much”.
Example: A descriptive survey to measure how much money children spend to buy toys.
A comparative survey is used to establish a comparison between one or more dependable variables and two or more comparison groups. This survey aims to form a comparative relation between the variables under study. The structure of the question in a comparative survey is, “What is the difference in [dependable variable] between [two or more groups]?”.
Example: A comparative survey on the difference in political awareness between Eastern and Western citizens.
Relationship-based survey is used to understand the relationship or association between two or more independent and dependent variables. Cause and effect between two or more variables is measured in the relationship-based survey. The structure of questions in a relationship-based survey is, “What is the relation [between or among] [independent variable] and [dependable variable]?”.
Example: What is the relationship between education and lifestyle in America?
Quantitative research questionnaires are an excellent tool to collect data and information about the responses of individuals. Quantitative research comes with various advantages, but along with advantages, it also has its disadvantages. Check the table below to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of a quantitative research questionnaire.
It is an efficient source for quickly collecting data. | It restricts the depth of the topic during collection. |
There is less risk of subjectivity and research bias. | There is a high risk of artificial and unreal expectations of research questions. |
It significantly helps to collect extensive insights into the population. | It overemphasises empirical data, avoiding personal opinions. |
It focuses on simplicity and particularity. | There is a risk of over-simplicity. |
There are clear and achievable research objectives. | There is a risk of additional amendments and modifications. |
Here is an example of a quantitative research questionnaire to help you get the idea and create an efficient and well-developed questionnaire for your research:
COMMENTS
hy. might one be preferred over the other?3. Explain the steps involved in the research process, from selecting a. re. earch topic to reporting the findings.4. What is a rese. rch hypothesis, and how is it formulated? Provide examples o. r. search hypotheses in different fields.5. Discuss the sign.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - PAST EXAM PAPERS 2016 - Regular Examination Question 1 Write short notes on the following concepts:[20] a) Research question b) Hypothesis c) Theoretical framework d) Methodology a) Research Question: - A research question is a fundamental inquiry that defines the scope and purpose of a research project. It is a clear ...
1. Focus on your objectives and research questions. The methodology section should clearly show why your methods suit your objectives and convince the reader that you chose the best possible approach to answering your problem statement and research questions. 2.
research proposal is a comprehensive plan for a research project. It is a written description of a research plan that has to be undertaken. It determines the specific areas of research, states the purpose, scope, methodology, overall organization and limitations of the study. It also estimates its requirements for equipment (if necessary ...
The methodology section of your paper describes how your research was conducted. This information allows readers to check whether your approach is accurate and dependable. A good methodology can help increase the reader's trust in your findings. First, we will define and differentiate quantitative and qualitative research.
Explain how the research methodology addresses the research question(s) and objectives; Research Methodology Types. ... The research methodology is an important section of any research paper or thesis, as it describes the methods and procedures that will be used to conduct the research. It should include details about the research design, data ...
Provide the rationality behind your chosen approach. Based on logic and reason, let your readers know why you have chosen said research methodologies. Additionally, you have to build strong arguments supporting why your chosen research method is the best way to achieve the desired outcome. 3. Explain your mechanism.
I. Groups of Research Methods. There are two main groups of research methods in the social sciences: The empirical-analytical group approaches the study of social sciences in a similar manner that researchers study the natural sciences.This type of research focuses on objective knowledge, research questions that can be answered yes or no, and operational definitions of variables to be measured.
The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not focused or researchable. The second question is a clearer comparative question, but note that it may not be practically feasible. For a smaller research project or thesis, it could be narrowed down further to focus on the effectiveness of drunk driving laws in just one or two countries.
1. Qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research methodology is aimed at understanding concepts, thoughts, or experiences. This approach is descriptive and is often utilized to gather in-depth insights into people's attitudes, behaviors, or cultures. Qualitative research methodology involves methods like interviews, focus groups, and ...
RESEARCH METHODS EXAM QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & MARKS. What is an experiment? An experiment is a research technique in which an IV is manipulated / and the effects of this on a DV are observed and measured. / Other (extraneous) variables are held constant. / A true experiment is one in which the IV is directly under the experimenter's control (as in ...
It has open ended questions; Discuss the steps of the research report. Also, highlight the criteria of good research. Answer: The research follows eight-step process: 1. Topic selection 2. Literature review 3. Develop a theoretical and conceptual framework 4. clarify the research question, 5. Develop a research design, 6. Collection of data, 7 ...
A research methodology encompasses the way in which you intend to carry out your research. This includes how you plan to tackle things like collection methods, statistical analysis, participant observations, and more. You can think of your research methodology as being a formula. One part will be how you plan on putting your research into ...
Research methodology can be defined as the systematic framework that guides researchers in designing, conducting, and analyzing their investigations. It encompasses a structured set of processes, techniques, and tools employed to gather and interpret data, ensuring the reliability and validity of the research findings.
Research Methodology (TE, VLSI&ES & ASP) Roll No Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Note: This question paper Consists of 5 Sections. Answer FIVE Questions, Choosing ONE Question from each SECTION and each Question carries 14 marks. *** SECTION-I 1 Define research, motives for business research, and distinguish
27 Jun 2023. Answer. Research, research methodology, and publication ethics are all essential components of scientific inquiry. Conducting research using rigorous methodology and adhering to ...
Solved MCQs for Research Methodology (RM), with PDF download and FREE Mock test Solved MCQs for Research Methodology (RM), with PDF download and FREE Mock test ... News Paper: D. Census Report: Answer» D. Census Report discuss (2) ... Question and answers in Research Methodology (RM), Research Methodology (RM) multiple choice questions and ...
This document outlines the syllabus for a pre-PhD research methodology course. It is divided into 5 units that cover topics such as the objectives and types of research, research design, modeling, publication, and ethics. Research design topics include problem definition, variables, literature review, and common errors. Modeling covers types of models, stages of model building, and testing ...
Organisational Research Methodology November 2020 Question Paper; IOP2601 Organisational Research Methods Workbook Memo; IOP2601 - May.June Memo 2016; Related documents. IOP2601-2019-6-E-1 - exam; Q and A - Questions and Answers; 2015 May Exam MEMO_iop2601; Assessment 4 iop;
Download Past question papers and more Research Methodology Exams in PDF only on Docsity! December 2020 Section—A Note : Answer any two of the following questions in about 450 words each. 2 × 10 = 20 1. Define validity. Explain the threats to internal and external validity. 2 + 4 + 4 2. Explain the types of quasi-experimental design. 10 3.
Answer: Experimental studies. 10 An example of scientific knowledge is. A Laboratory and field experiments. B Social traditions and customs. C Authority of the Prophet or great men. D Religious scriptures. View Answer. Answer: Laboratory and field experiments. 11 The process not needed in experimental researches is.
As we have discussed the different types of quantitative research questions above, it's time to learn how to write the perfect quantitative research questions for a questionnaire and streamline your research process. Here are the steps to follow to write quantitative research questions efficiently. Step 1: Determine the Research Goals
VTU Research Methodology and IPR FEB 2021 Question Paper Research Methodology and IPR Question Papers Download VTU 20RMI17 Feb 2021 Question paper. A d v e r t i s e m e n t. Last Updated : Monday January 23, 2023. Categories. VTU last year question papers; VTU E Learning; VTU Time Table New; Model Question Papers New;
2 Qualitative Research Questions and Methods Within this paper, I'll create a qualitative research question regarding pressure ulcers. I'll also discuss qualitative methodologies and tactics that support the research question. Lastly, I'll provide an explanation for the importance of targeted data collection to provide the necessary support for research questions.
People are described using language that affirms their worth and dignity. Authors plan for ethical compliance and report critical details of their research protocol to allow readers to evaluate findings and other researchers to potentially replicate the studies. Tables and figures present information in an engaging, readable manner.
Download VTU MTech JAN 2020 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND IPR 1st Semester Previous Year Question Paper for 2018 scheme BCE branch ... RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND IPR. MTech Subject Code. 18RMI17. Question Paper Year. JAN 2020. Scheme of Examination. 2018 Scheme. Question Paper File size. 496.46 KB.
This research method consisted of analyzing interview papers of OD professionals collected by students at a major southwestern university in the United States. The main idea was to use a coding scheme and develop codes and categories to ultimately produce a set of competencies. ... This research methodology revealed 18 competencies consultants ...
AbstractIntroduction Pain in the context of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is under-theorized in medical sociology and adjacent disciplines. Some specific areas have established bodies of literature, notably around childbirth and its medicalization. However, pain is in many cases addressed obliquely rather than foregrounded. The literature on women's sexual difficulties, from Tiefer ...