The Case Study Of Vanitas Part 2 - What We Know So Far

Vanitas from The Case Study of Vanitas

On Aug. 6, the English-dubbed version of "The Case Study of Vanitas" arrived at Funimation's website , bringing the steampunk-styled supernatural mystery manga series to life for a whole new audience. The vampire -based anime, set in Paris of the 19th century, is very atmospheric, what with its airships, period clothing and blue-moon and crimson vampires. It starts with the young vampire Noé, who is asked by his teacher to go to Paris to look for the titular book. In an incident on the airship, he meets a girl named Amelia — who turns out to be a vampire named Florifel, who just needs her name returned to her — and blue-eyed Vanitas himself. Vanitas enlists his help in changing the "curse-bearing" vampires back to normal using the grimoire in question. 

"The Case Study of Vanitas" has aired 12 episodes of its split-cour season, which is normal for anime shows — but now leaves fans to wonder when Part 2 will happen, and what will happen going forward, since the series hasn't exactly concluded its plot. If you're one of the fans anxiously awaiting news of the second part of the first season, here's what we know so far.

When is the release date for The Case Study of Vanitas Part 2?

Vanitas and Noe in The Case Study of Vanitas

The @vanitas_anime Twitter account announced on Sept. 17 that the second cour (or quarter of a year) of "The Case Study of Vanitas" is coming in January 2022. This is good news, as it means fans won't have too long to wait:  Anime News and Facts is reporting that the 12 episodes in the second part of the split-cour series will air between Jan. 8 and March 26, 2022. It should be noted that these dates refer to the Japanese release, not the English one. 

However, English-speaking fans shouldn't experience too much of a delay. The initial Japanese run premiered on various channels starting July 2 ( via Anime News Network ), which means it was subtitled with the first episode dubbed by the time it released on Funimation a little over a month later. Comingsoon.com said that Funimation had released five dubbed episodes by September 17 (a paid subscription is required to access the dubbed versions of newer episodes). 

Hopefully, that means U.S. fans will be streaming at least a subtitled second part of Season 1 by springtime.

Who are the characters in The Case Study of Vanitas Part 2?

Luca and Jeanne meet Noe and Vanitas

The main characters of the series include Noé Archiviste, played in the Japanese by Kaito Ishikawa, and Vanitas (not the original of the book), played by Natsuki Hanae. Supporting characters include Jeanne (Inori Minase), a vampire girl also called the "Hellfire Witch"; Luca (Shino Shimoji), a polite vampire boy ranking just below the queen, who is trying to save his brother; Dominique (Ai Kayano), the aristocratic daughter of the alien lord the Marquis de Sade; Veronica (Yoko Hikasa), Dominique's sister who hates humans; Ruthven (Toshiyuki Morikawa), Luca's uncle and the hero who brokered peace between humans and vampires. 

Others include Dante (Taro Kuichi), Johann (Koji Yusa), and Richie (Riho Kuma), Vanitas' information brokers, and Noé's unnamed teacher (Akira Ishida), the one who sent him to find the book. Vampire Naenia (Kaori Nazuka), vampire hunter Laurent (Kengo Kawanishi), Holy Knight Olivier (Tomoaki Maeno) and Noé's first friend Louis de Sade (Miyuri Shimabukuru) also appear. There's also the cat, Murr (Miyu Komaki). Not all have survived Season 1, though, so they won't necessarily appear in Part 2.

The English dub cast of the series includes Stephen Fu as Noe, Zeo Robinson as Vanitas, Marianne Bray as Murr, Ian Sinclair as Dante, and Hayden Daviau as Amelia. 

What is the plot of The Case Study of Vanitas Part 2?

The grimoire in The Case Study of Vanitas

As the first part of the first season ended, the Beast of Gévaudan has resurfaced, so Noé and Vanitas go to investigate sightings of it. The beast will likely figure largely in the events of the second part of the season, as will Vanitas' relationship with Noé. Viewers may also finally learn the intentions of the secret organization Charlatan because of the big reveal in the end-credits scene. As viewers know, Ruthven figures largely in the plotting that's been going on, and he has hypnotized Noé with Jeanne's unwitting help, which could all blow up in Part 2. Meanwhile, Roland is going through a crisis of faith because he has learned that not all vampires are bad, and the show will no doubt explore the ramifications of that.

"The Case Study of Vanitas" will feature 12 episodes in Season 1 Part 2, making up a total of 24 episodes in the first season. The anime has been rapidly catching up to the manga:  Monsters and Critics predicts that by the 24th episode, the anime will be up to Chapter 43 of the manga. The manga is expected to publish Chapter 61, which means season 2 might be a more difficult sell than the first. 

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Vanitas and Noé Archiviste head out to the town of Gévaudan in search of the "Beast," an enormous wolf-like creature that has slaughtered hundreds of people. Suspecting that the Beast is a curse-bearing vampire, Vanitas primarily aims to heal it using the powers of his grimoire.

Along the way, the two get separated and suddenly travel back to the past—to the exact moment the Beast is lurking in the woods. After a battle against the gigantic wolf and a vampire hunter, Vanitas decides to team up with Jeanne in order to find Noé. Despite being allies, Jeanne's goal is the opposite of Vanitas', as she was tasked to kill the Beast—suspecting it may be someone she used to know.

Meanwhile, a severely wounded Noé is picked up by the mysterious Chloé d'Apchier and her servant. Like Noé, Chloé is a vampire whose existence was erased from the public's knowledge. She has been a guardian for future generations and once tried to find a way to become human again. While Noé is grateful to Chloé for her hospitality, little does he know that she might be siding with forces far more dangerous than the Beast itself.

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The Case Study of Vanitas: What Fans Can Expect From Season 2

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10 strongest characters in tower of god, ranked, this summer 2024 anime isekai'd osamu dazai into a fantasy world.

Vampire stories in the anime world are well received and are considered a trendy genre. These stories are unique, often blending a variety genres together to craft unique fantasy stories. While names like One Piece and Demon Slayer have dominated the anime scene since last year, a surprise summer breakout vampire story managed to climb its way into the top anime of 2021.

The Case Study of Vanitas is not a typical human-meets-vampire story. On the contrary, the series is an elaborate fantasy world with elements of steampunk and gothic aesthetics topped with compelling vampire lore. The series takes place in 19th century Paris, where, miraculously, vampires can survive without consuming human blood.

Related: In/Spectre Season 1's Biggest Unanswered Questions

case study of vanitas 2

In Season 1, the two leads -- Noe Archiviste and Vanitas -- set out in search of "the Beast", a rogue vampire that has been slaughtering innocent people. The duo is determined to find the one responsible for budding impurity in the vampires’ hearts. The twelve episode series immediately stuck out to anime fans, so much so that it didn’t take long to renew the series for a second season.

Fortunately, Season 2 has already begun airing, and viewers are excited to see if their fan theories will be confirmed. The Case Study of Vanitas Season 2 picks up directly. With ten episodes already released, and the tale of the Beast of Gevaudan explored in detail, the plot has begun focusing on Chloe, Jean-Jacques, and Astolfo’s backstories. Mystery still surrounds Ruthven, who failed to kill Noe, hinting at a greater conflict in the future.

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The Case Study of Vanitas continues to excell in developing its characters. Season 2 has stayed devoted to developing existing cast members while introducing new characters that stay true to the gothic aesthetic. In terms of character writing, even minor cast members are able to captivate viewers and make their presence known.

Related: The Case Study of Vanitas’ Complex Shipping Situation

That being said, the spotlight still shines on Vanitas and Noe’s turbulent friendship . However, their complicated relationship is what makes The Case Study of Vanitas so entertaining. Without any major spoilers -- the way Noe managed to rescue Vanitas and teach him how to trust again feels genuine and satisfying to the audience. Their relationship feels stronger than ever before.

The-Case-Study-Of-Vanitas-Episode-19-Release-Date-1

Speaking of relationships, The Case Study of Vanitas has continued to hint at multiple romantic prospects amongst its cast members. Even though Vanitas and Jeanne make a promising couple, their current status is difficult to place. All in all, the second season of The Case Study of Vanitas will make an excellent watch for fans, and with how well the series has been received by audiences, many are confident for a prospective third season.

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The Case Study of Vanitas, Vol. 2

Artist: Jun Mochizuki

Letterer: Bianca Pistillo

Translated by: Taylor Engel

Now installed at a hotel in Paris with the help of Count Orlok, Noé and Vanitas take their awkward partnership on the road...to a vampire masquerade ball! The order of the evening may be small talk and hobnobbing with fellow guests, but the mystery of the curse-bearers is never far behind. Intrigue swirls as quickly as the dancers twirl, a blue moon ascends over the guests...and all hell breaks loose!

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The Case Study of Vanitas

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May 23, 2017

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The Case Study of Vanitas Volumes

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The Case Study of Vanitas - Season 2 (2022)

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The Case Study of Vanitas

The Case Study of Vanitas (ヴァニタスの 手記 ( カルテ ) , Vanitasu no Karute ) is the second main manga series by mangaka Jun Mochizuki following the completion of her one-shot Crimson-Shell and her first main series Pandora Hearts . The series launched on December 22nd 2015 and is being published monthly in Gangan Joker magazine. Yen Press publishes the official English localization, translated by Taylor Engel. In Japanese, it is marketed as part of the "shounen" demographic. In English, it is marketed as "older teen."

On March 28, 2021, Studio BONES announced an anime adaptation , which aired from the summer of 2021 to the spring of 2022.

  • 2.1 Vampires
  • 2.2 The Book of Vanitas
  • 2.3 Malnomen
  • 3.3 Stage Play
  • 6 References
  • 7 Navigation

Centuries prior to the French Revolution, the " World Formula " theory was proposed by Paracelsus which posited that the world was governed by mathematical formulas whose variables could be identified and altered. He aspired to change these variables in an attempt to erase suffering and bring happiness to humanity, which resulted in the event known as " Babel ." Innumerable calamities rocked the world to its core, causing massive amounts of death, and once it subsided new entities came into being in the world, primely the Vampire species . Deemed abominations before God, normal humans attempted to wipe out these new beings, and a race war ensued. This attempted genocide failed and Vampires began to hide their existences which came to be believed as no more than myth and legend, despite dwelling only one step beyond the human world.

Noé Archiviste , a young vampire living in late 19th century France, is sent by his Teacher to Paris to find the Book of Vanitas and discover its true nature. Supposedly, the Book of Vanitas is a cursed grimoire created by the Vampire of the Blue Moon from which the incurable disease Malnomen originates. Noé successfully discovers the Book on his way to Paris, as well as the person possessing it—a human calling himself Vanitas who uses the grimoire to cure Malnomen. Vanitas declares his goal to be the salvation of the entire race of Vampires, and Noé accompanies him for his entire journey, wishing to understand the true nature of not only the Book but also the enigmatic owner who wields it.

The story consists of Noé's memoirs on how he would come to eventually kill Vanitas with his own hands.

Terminology [ ]

Vampires [ ].

Though referred to as "vampires," the Vampire race within The Case Study of Vanitas are distinct from mythical vampires, and were in fact named after them for having certain similarities. The main distinguishing feature between Vampires and humans is the ability of Vampires to see and interact with the World Formula , allowing them certain superhuman abilities. Unlike mythical vampires, Vampires within The Case Study of Vanitas do not have to drink blood or harm others to survive, and the vast majority go their entire lives without harming humans. While most (but not all) Vampires do enjoy the taste of blood, it is not a biological need, and is compared to alcohol, smoking, or sex. Compulsive blood drinking only occurs in the case of blood addiction or Malnomen .

Most Vampires are born under the Crimson Moon, and have a natural fear of the Blue Moon. Those who are born under the Blue Moon, as in the case of Vanitas of the Blue Moon , are scorned and ostracized by other Vampirekind.

The Book of Vanitas [ ]

A cursed grimoire supposedly passed on to Vanitas by Vanitas of the Blue Moon themself. It is the originator of the disease Malnomen, created in revenge against Vampires for their prosecution of those born under the Blue Moon. The human Vanitas now has the Book of Vanitas within his possession and is the only person capable of using it. However, contrary to the Book's original purpose, Vanitas uses it to cure cases of Malnomen and desires to save the Vampire race.

Malnomen [ ]

A disease created by Vanitas of the Blue Moon . It attacks the True Name of vampires, causing their bodies and souls to warp. Those infected with Malnomen, usually called curse bearers, gradually grow insane and begin to obsessively search for blood, escalating until they assault and even kill others without hesitation. In addition, their bodies will corrupt, though the onset of physical symptoms appear to happen rapidly in the final stages of the disease. Once warping of the body occurs, the curse bearer will continue to attack others until it dies. Until very recently, there was no possible way to cure those infected with Malnomen, and thus all curse bearers would be sentenced to execution by decapitation once their condition was discovered. The human Vanitas reverse engineers the different forms of Malnomen to find and restore the curse bearer's True Name, curing them.

The Case Study of Vanitas is written and illustrated by Jun Mochizuki and began serialization in Square Enix's monthly shōnen magazine Monthly Gangan Joker on December 2015. There are currently eleven tankōbon volumes collecting serial chapters released in Japanese. The series is licensed in English by Yen Press and published simultaneously with its Japanese release.

The Case Study of Vanitas is an anime television series adaptation of the manga written and illustrated by Jun Mochizuki. On March 28, 2021, Aniplex announced at AnimeJapan an anime adaptation for the manga, animated by the studio BONES. It started broadcasting on July 2, 2021.

Stage Play [ ]

Stage "Vanitas no Carte" is a stage play adaptation of the manga written and illustrated by Jun Mochizuki. Announced by the official Twitter account on October 28, 2021. The show was initially scheduled from January 21st to January 30th, 2022 at the THEATRE1010 (シアター1010), in Tokyo, Japan. An encore was performed from March 10th to March 12th, 2023 at the Sunshine Theater (サンシャイン劇場), in Tokyo, Japan.

Gallery [ ]

Main characters of The Case Study of Vanitas first revealed in Pandora Hearts「There is.」

  • "Vanitas" is an artistic term referring to a symbolic work of art showing the transience of life, the futility of pleasure, and the certainty of death, often contrasting symbols of wealth and symbols of ephemerality and death. It derives from the Latin word "vānitās" which can translate to "emptiness," "nothingness," "falsity," or "vanity" in English. [1]
  • The furigana for 手記 ( shuki , meaning "note" or "memo") is "カルテ" ( karute ), which translates to a patient's card or chart in a hospital on which is recorded any illnesses, treatments, and general medical history.
  • Vanitas first appears in the final Pandora Hearts artbook 「There is.」 , shown waving to the main cast of Pandora Hearts as he passes by alongside Noé who had his back turned so that he remained unidentifiable at the time.

References [ ]

  • ↑ Wikipedia: Vanitas

Navigation [ ]

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Will There Be a Season 2 of The Case Study of Vanitas? Here's What We Expect to Happen After Season 1 Ends

Like many 12-episode anime series, The Case Study of Vanitas is wrapping up soon

case study of vanitas 2

Published: Sep 21, 2021, 1:22 Updated: Oct 20, 2021, 4:26

Like many 12-episode anime series, The Case Study of Vanitas is wrapping up soon. As this was arguably one of the best anime of the Summer 2021 Season , many fans will be wondering if they can expect a Season 2 of The Case Study of Vanitas, and when.

Noé and Vanitas have already come a long way in this first batch of episodes. They started off unable to stand each other and while this is still true, they're allies now and they're slowly coming to trust each other. Noé is obviously intrigued by the enigma that is Vanitas; a very obnoxious human and self-proclaimed vampire doctor, without a plausible motivation for his interest in helping vampires.

In the latest episodes, Noé and Vanitas are hard at work to solve some mysterious vampire disappearances. Along the way, they make new friends and allies. Meanwhile, some of the characters we had considered to be allies, turn out to be a bit shady.

This alone is plenty of drama for another 12-episode batch. Besides, the manga of Vanitas no Karte is currently ongoing. This means that even long-time fans must wait to find out why Noé kills Vanitas , or at least why he claims so at the end of the anime premier.

Thankfully, studio Bones won't leave us hanging. While no Season 2 has been announced, Season 1 of The Case Study of Vanitas won't stop at 12 episodes.

This is a split cour anime, meaning that the next batch of 12 is going to air in the near future, likely during the Winter or Spring 2022 anime Season. There is already an entry for it on MyAnimeList, so it's likely to air in the very near future.

Related: Fire Force Season 3 Release Date, Renewal Status, News, and Everything You Need to Know

So far, the fantasy show has shown real promise, with stunning art, an upbeat vibe, and an excellent plot. The show airs on both Funimation and Hulu, and it already has an English dub , meaning that creators truly invested in it.

Therefore, depending on the course of the manga, even more content after the second cour of Season 1 finishes airing is very much possible. We'll update you with more information if any official announcement is made.

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The Case Study of Vanitas (Simuldub)

In 19th-century Paris, young vampire Noé finds the Book of Vanitas in human hands. Calling himself Vanitas, this doctor wields its power and tempts Noé with a plan to “cure” all vampires. Allying with him may be dangerous, but does he have a choice?

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Description.

In 19th-century Paris, young vampire Noé finds the Book of Vanitas in human hands. Calling himself Vanitas, this doctor wields its power and tempts Noé with a plan to “cure” all vampires. Allying with him may be dangerous, but does he have a choice?

A Chance Encounter

Season 2, Episode 1 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Vanitas and Noé travel to Gévaudan in search of a creature known as the Beast, but things go sideways when they encounter a murderous paladin, a hostile acquaintance, and an old nemesis. Will our heroes survive these threats, not to mention the Beast?

The Witch and the Young Man

Season 2, Episode 2 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Vanitas and Jeanne spend a steamy yet awkward night together. Tempers flare when Vanitas learns Dante withheld information. Though they all know they're at cross-purposes, they set out to find Noé. Meanwhile, Noé wakes to find himself in the Beast's lair.

The d'Apchiers' Vampire

Season 2, Episode 3 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Noé learns Naenia took Chloé's true name. Chloé's past and the d'Apchiers' history come to light, including her friendship with Jeanne, the Alteration Engine, and Ruthven's friendship with Chloé, which he shattered by trying to take the engine research.

Season 2, Episode 4 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Noé unwillingly taps into Jean-Jacques's memories and learns what happened to him and how he befriended Chloé. The Beast's true identity and the vast conspiracy behind it come to light. Vanitas tries to stop Chloé from activating the Alteration Engine.

Hands upon a Nightmare

Season 2, Episode 5 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Chloé reveals why she wants to kill Naenia. After Naenia's true nature is revealed and Chloé's malnomen is triggered, Vanitas and Noé scramble to save Gévaudan with some unexpected help. A Church cover-up comes to light along with Jeanne's dark past.

Just the Two of Us

Season 2, Episode 6 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Vanitas tries to convince Jeanne not to slay Chloé. The cause of Astolfo's hatred is laid bare. Jean-Jacques finally learns Chloé's end game and tries to stop her. Vanitas activates the Alteration engine to save Chloé and Gévaudan, but is it too late?

Snow Flower

Season 2, Episode 7 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Vanitas identifies Chloé's malnomen. Astolfo's hatred spirals out of control. Chloé must choose between annihilation and a dismal life. Vanitas remembers he doesn't have to be alone, but is it too late? Will our heroes save Gévaudan and themselves?

The Incurable Disease

Season 2, Episode 8 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Noé begs Count Orlok to save Vanitas from a strange ailment. Vanitas bumps into Roland and asks him about love "for a friend." Jeanne confides in Luca to his dismay. Dominque seems strangely obsessed with Noé. Noé tells Vanitas he is glad they met.

Season 2, Episode 9 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Noé springs into action after he receives a disturbing letter. Details about Domi and Louis' past, as well as Mikhail's past, come to light. Vanitas is alarmed to hear of Mikhail's return. Noé confronts Mikhail but is forced to do as he asks.

Season 2, Episode 10 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

As Noé sucks Mikhail's blood, he gets a glimpse of the latter's past with Vanitas. Details emerge about Vanitas's parents, his history with the Vampire of the Blue Moon, and the experiments he endured. Mikhail is delighted when Vanitas comes to save Noé.

Tears like Rain

Season 2, Episode 11 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Mikhail tells Vanitas what he wants. Noé and Vanitas clash. Details emerge about why Vanitas shuns others and doesn't want them to peer into his memories. Dominique's life is on the razor's edge. Noé says he can't do the one thing Vanitas wants.

Season 2, Episode 12 TV-14 CC HD CC SD

Mikhail pleads with Vanitas to join him. Dominque comes to terms with her inner self. Mikhail unleashes terror on his foes, but the book exacts a toll. An unexpected figure appears amid the ruins. Vanitas mends fences with Noé and parts ways with Mikhail.

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Tivo

The Case Study of Vanitas Manga Online

The case study of vanitas.

The Case Study of Vanitas Manga Volume 1

There once lived a vampire known as Vanitas, hated by his own kind for being born under a full blue moon, as most arise on the night of a crimson one. Afraid and alone, he created the “Book of Vanitas,” a cursed grimoire that would one day take his vengeance on all vampires; this is how the story goes, at least.

Vanitas no Karte follows Noé Archiviste, a young man who is traveling aboard an airship in 19th century Paris with one goal in mind: to find the Book of Vanitas. A sudden vampire attack leads him to meet the enigmatic Vanitas, a doctor who specializes in vampires and, much to Noé’s surprise, an entirely ordinary human. The mysterious doctor has inherited both the name and the infamous text from the Vanitas of legend, using the grimoire to heal his patients. But behind his kind demeanor lies something a bit more sinister…

All Chapters

  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 63
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 62.5
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 62
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 61.5
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 61
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 60
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 59
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 58
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 57
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 56
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 55
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 54
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 53
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 52
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 51.5
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 51
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 50
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 49
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 48
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 47
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 46
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 45
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 44
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 43
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 42
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 41
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 40
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 39
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 38
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 37
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 36
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 35
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 34
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 33
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 32
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 31
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 30
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 29
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 28
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 27
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 26
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 25
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 24
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 23
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 22
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 21
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 20
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 19
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 18
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 17
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 16
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 15
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 14
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 13
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 12
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 11
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 10
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 9
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 8
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 7
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 6
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 5
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 4
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 3
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 2
  • The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 1

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Evaluation of the relationship between dietary acid load and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a case-control study.

Sedef Güngör

  • 1 Atılım University, Ankara, Türkiye
  • 2 Başkent University, Ankara, Ankara, Türkiye

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Backround: Diets high in dietary acid load are thought to be associated with metabolic diseases. However, the number of studies examining the relationship between dietary acid load and metabolic diseases in Turkey is insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors and dietary acid load in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: In this case-control study, 51 participants aged 30-65 years with type 2 diabetes and 59 participants in the control group were included. Blood pressure and biochemical findings were measured. Anthropometric measurements and body composition measurements were made. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day (1 day on weekends, 2 days on weekdays) food consumption record. Dietary acid load scores, including potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP), were calculated based on dietary intake. NEAP and PRAL scores were categorised as low and high according to the median value. Smoking status, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), trigylceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to- height ratio (WtHR), hemoglobin and fat mass (%) were evaluated as cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The cut-off values of PRAL and NEAP were 3.61 and 44.78 mEq/d, respectively. After adjustment for various covariates, a significant positive association between PRAL and TG levels was observed in the diabetic group (odds ratio [OR], 5.98; 95% CI, 1.45-24.67; P = 0.013). In contrast, a negative association was found between PRAL and SBP in the control group (odds ratio [OR], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.83; P = 0.026). However, these associations were not observed for NEAP values in either group. Conslusions: A higher PRAL value was consistently associated with higher TG level, but other cardiovascular risk factors were not. More longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to better establish a causal effect between dietary acid load and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with diabetes.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, DIETARY ACID LOAD, type 2 diabetes, Potential renal acid load, Net endogenous acid production

Received: 08 Jun 2024; Accepted: 05 Aug 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 Güngör and Saka. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Sedef Güngör, Atılım University, Ankara, Türkiye

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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Effects on the indoor environment in a stable for horses in winter: a case study, 1. introduction, 2. materials and methods, 2.1. description of the farm, 2.2. data acquisition and processing, 3.1. long-term registration measurement of the basic parameters of the indoor environment, 3.1.1. measurement results of the indoor environment in the stable, 3.1.2. analysis of the indoor environment in the stable during a working day, 3.1.3. analysis of the indoor environment in the stable during a non-working day, 3.1.4. measurement results of the indoor environment in the indoor riding arena, 3.2. measurement of airborne dust concentration, 3.3. measurement of the noise level of the indoor environment in the stable, 3.4. measurement of light conditions inside the stable, 3.4.1. results of the light condition measurements inside the stable during one-day measurement, 3.4.2. results of the daylight factor measurements, 4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

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Click here to enlarge figure

ActivityTime [from–to]Duration [min]
Feeding (hay, oats)7:45–8:3045
Blanketing the horses8:30–9:0030
Taking the horses to paddocks9:00–9:3030
Box cleaning, bedding9:30–11:0090
Washing troughs and waterers11:15–11:3015
Dispensing oats into troughs11:30–12:0030
Returning the horses to the stable13:00–13:1515
Feeding the horses13:15–13:3015
Taking the horses to paddocks13:30–13:4515
Returning the horses to the stable15:45–16:0015
Equestrian club activities16:00–17:0060
Feeding (hay, oats)17:00–17:3030
Locking up, staff departure17:30–17:4515
InstrumentMeasured ParameterRangeSensitivityAccuracy
ZTH 65Air temperature−30 to +70 °C0.1 °C±0.4 °C
Air relative humidity5 to 95%0.1%±2.5%
Almemo 2590-9Data logger9 inputs for sensors--
Almemo 2690Data logger5 inputs for sensors--
FHA 646Air temperature−20 to +80 °C0.01±0.4 °C
Air relative humidity5 to 98%0.1%±2%
FYA 600CO 0 to 0.5%0.001%±0.01%
FHA 696-MFMaterial surface moisture0 to 50%0.1%±1%
Amir 7811-20Surface temperature−32 to +400 °C0.1 °C±2 °C
BEHA Unitest 93411 DSound level30 to 135 dB0.1 dB±2 dB
FLA 613-VLIlluminance 0 to 26,000 lx1 lx5% of value
Dust-Track™ II Aerosol Monitor 8530Airborn dust concentrations0.001 to 150 mg·m 0.001 mg·m ±0.1%
IR FlexCam Pro Thermograms0 to 350 °C0.1 °C±2 °C or ± 2%
0 to 50%
t ± SDRH ± SDw ± SDt ± SDRH ± SDCO ± SDL ± SD
°C%m/s°C%ppmdB
−4.80 ± 1.585.2 ± 7.22.5 ± 1.77.2 ± 1.773.5 ± 5.91882.5 ± 929.549.1 ± 8.8
t ± SDRH ± SDw ± SDt ± SDRH ± SDCO ± SDL ± SD
°C%m/s°C%ppmdB
−7.02 ± 0.782.2 ± 4.81.1 ± 0.56.3 ± 1.272.9 ± 6.71739.2 ± 774.848.2 ± 8.8
t ± SDRH ± SDw ± SDt ± SDRH ± SDCO ± SDL ± SD
°C%m/s°C%ppmdB
−6.44 ± 0.483.2 ± 5.72.7 ± 0.96.9 ± 0.976.0 ± 5.32317.1 ± 931.748.5 ± 9.0
t ± SDRH ± SDt ± SDRH ± SDt ± SD
°C%°C%°C
−4.80 ± 1.585.3 ± 7.1−2.3 ± 1.099.9 ± 1.9−2.3 ± 0.8
Measured Objectt °C ± SDRH % ± SDt °C ± SDRH % ± SD
Stable1.5 ± 0.185.1 ± 0.28.0 ± 0.3 67.8 ± 1.8
Arena—empty1.5 ± 0.185.8 ± 0.33.1 ± 0.4 90.6 ± 3.2
Arena—horses1.5 ± 0.186.9 ± 0.12.4 ± 0.0 99.5 ± 0.1
Measured Objectt °C ± SDMoisture % ± SD
Arena floor2.4 ± 0.498.0 ± 0
Measured ObjectTDC ± SDPM ± SDPM ± SD PM ± SDPM ± SD
Stable304.84 ± 51.46 231.94 ± 19.13 180.71 ± 9.05 160.13 ± 6.28 129.79 ± 2.07
Arena—empty139.54 ± 9.01 117.03 ± 5.70 108.13 ± 3.15 103.97 ± 2.89 84.30 ± 4.38
Arena—horses135.93 ± 13.23 125.69 ± 4.69 114.97 ± 9.12 106.06 ± 1.69 82.67 ± 3.27
Operational ActivityAverage L ± SDMinimum L Maximum L
-dBdBdB
Horses resting45.4 ± 6.936.162.8
Feeding41.8 ± 3.837.747.7
Blanketing horses44.0 ± 2.141.946.1
Moving horses to paddock and back58.0 ± 4.151.263.1
Cleaning the stable57.9 ± 5.550.167.6
Teaching students51.7 ± 7.144.658.6
Equestrian club47.7 ± 10.738.062.6
Closing the stable and staff departure60.1 ± 0.459.660.5
All day, 24 h48.2 ± 8.836.169.2
Operational ActivityAverage L ± SDMinimum L Maximum L
-dBdBdB
Horses resting44.4 ± 5.334.660.1
Feeding51.2 ± 12.035.864.2
Blanketing horses45.0 ± 1.243.946.2
Moving horses to paddock and back60.7 ± 4.754.967.3
Cleaning the stable59.0 ± 10.247.777.1
Closing the stable and staff departure50.8 ± 8.339.369.1
All day, 24 h48.5 ± 9.034.677.1
Measured PeriodDays Average E (lx)Minimum E (lx)Maximum E (lx)
January15660434
Analyzed DayAverage E
in 24 h
Minimum
E
Maximum
E
Time with
E = 0
Time with
E ≠ 0
E ± SD
in Time E ≠ 0
-lxlxlxhhlx
Working 58018314.59.5148 ± 43
Non-working14023420.53.598 ± 103 *
Measured Objecte ± SDe e
EH0.835 ± 0.3090.3981.5
CC0.446 ± 0.2520.1691.271
SBs0.378 ± 0.190 0.1610.873
NBs0.513 ± 0.425 0.1862.966
BWWs0.534 ± 0.390 0.2122.966
WLBs0.313 ± 0.154 0.1610.805
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Share and Cite

Kic, P.; Wohlmuthová, M.; Starostová, L. Effects on the Indoor Environment in a Stable for Horses in Winter: A Case Study. Agriculture 2024 , 14 , 1287. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081287

Kic P, Wohlmuthová M, Starostová L. Effects on the Indoor Environment in a Stable for Horses in Winter: A Case Study. Agriculture . 2024; 14(8):1287. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081287

Kic, Pavel, Marie Wohlmuthová, and Lucie Starostová. 2024. "Effects on the Indoor Environment in a Stable for Horses in Winter: A Case Study" Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1287. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081287

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