Think of yourself as a member of a jury, listening to a lawyer who is presenting an opening argument. You'll want to know very soon whether the lawyer believes the accused to be guilty or not guilty, and how the lawyer plans to convince you. Readers of academic essays are like jury members: before they have read too far, they want to know what the essay argues as well as how the writer plans to make the argument. After reading your thesis statement, the reader should think, "This essay is going to try to convince me of something. I'm not convinced yet, but I'm interested to see how I might be."
An effective thesis cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." A thesis is not a topic; nor is it a fact; nor is it an opinion. "Reasons for the fall of communism" is a topic. "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" is a fact known by educated people. "The fall of communism is the best thing that ever happened in Europe" is an opinion. (Superlatives like "the best" almost always lead to trouble. It's impossible to weigh every "thing" that ever happened in Europe. And what about the fall of Hitler? Couldn't that be "the best thing"?)
A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay.
Steps in Constructing a Thesis
First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication. Does the author contradict himself or herself? Is a point made and later reversed? What are the deeper implications of the author's argument? Figuring out the why to one or more of these questions, or to related questions, will put you on the path to developing a working thesis. (Without the why, you probably have only come up with an observation—that there are, for instance, many different metaphors in such-and-such a poem—which is not a thesis.)
Once you have a working thesis, write it down. There is nothing as frustrating as hitting on a great idea for a thesis, then forgetting it when you lose concentration. And by writing down your thesis you will be forced to think of it clearly, logically, and concisely. You probably will not be able to write out a final-draft version of your thesis the first time you try, but you'll get yourself on the right track by writing down what you have.
Keep your thesis prominent in your introduction. A good, standard place for your thesis statement is at the end of an introductory paragraph, especially in shorter (5-15 page) essays. Readers are used to finding theses there, so they automatically pay more attention when they read the last sentence of your introduction. Although this is not required in all academic essays, it is a good rule of thumb.
Anticipate the counterarguments. Once you have a working thesis, you should think about what might be said against it. This will help you to refine your thesis, and it will also make you think of the arguments that you'll need to refute later on in your essay. (Every argument has a counterargument. If yours doesn't, then it's not an argument—it may be a fact, or an opinion, but it is not an argument.)
This statement is on its way to being a thesis. However, it is too easy to imagine possible counterarguments. For example, a political observer might believe that Dukakis lost because he suffered from a "soft-on-crime" image. If you complicate your thesis by anticipating the counterargument, you'll strengthen your argument, as shown in the sentence below.
Some Caveats and Some Examples
A thesis is never a question. Readers of academic essays expect to have questions discussed, explored, or even answered. A question ("Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe?") is not an argument, and without an argument, a thesis is dead in the water.
A thesis is never a list. "For political, economic, social and cultural reasons, communism collapsed in Eastern Europe" does a good job of "telegraphing" the reader what to expect in the essay—a section about political reasons, a section about economic reasons, a section about social reasons, and a section about cultural reasons. However, political, economic, social and cultural reasons are pretty much the only possible reasons why communism could collapse. This sentence lacks tension and doesn't advance an argument. Everyone knows that politics, economics, and culture are important.
A thesis should never be vague, combative or confrontational. An ineffective thesis would be, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because communism is evil." This is hard to argue (evil from whose perspective? what does evil mean?) and it is likely to mark you as moralistic and judgmental rather than rational and thorough. It also may spark a defensive reaction from readers sympathetic to communism. If readers strongly disagree with you right off the bat, they may stop reading.
An effective thesis has a definable, arguable claim. "While cultural forces contributed to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of economies played the key role in driving its decline" is an effective thesis sentence that "telegraphs," so that the reader expects the essay to have a section about cultural forces and another about the disintegration of economies. This thesis makes a definite, arguable claim: that the disintegration of economies played a more important role than cultural forces in defeating communism in Eastern Europe. The reader would react to this statement by thinking, "Perhaps what the author says is true, but I am not convinced. I want to read further to see how the author argues this claim."
A thesis should be as clear and specific as possible. Avoid overused, general terms and abstractions. For example, "Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe because of the ruling elite's inability to address the economic concerns of the people" is more powerful than "Communism collapsed due to societal discontent."
Copyright 1999, Maxine Rodburg and The Tutors of the Writing Center at Harvard University
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English Theses and Dissertations
Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.
The Drama of Last Things: Reckoning in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Drama , Spencer M. Daniels
African Spirituality in Literature Written by Women of African Descent , Brigét V. Harley
Hidden Monstrosities: The Transformation of Medieval Characters and Conventions in Shakespeare's Romances , Lynette Kristine Kuliyeva
Making the Invisible Visible: (Re)envisioning the Black Body in Contemporary Adaptations of Nineteenth-Century Fiction , Urshela Wiggins McKinney
Lawful Injustice: Novel Readings of Racialized Temporality and Legal Instabilities , Danielle N. Mercier
“Manne, for thy loue wolde I not lette”: Eucharistic Portrayals of Caritas in Medieval and Early Modern English Literature and Drama 1350-1650 , Rachel Tanski
Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023
Of Mētis and Cuttlefish: Employing Collective Mētis as a Theoretical Framework for Marginalized Communities , Justiss Wilder Burry
What on earth are we doing (?): A Field-Wide Exploration of Design Courses in TPC , Jessica L. Griffith
Organizations Ensuring Resilience: A Case Study of Cortez, Florida , Karla Ariel Maddox
Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022
Using Movie Clips to Understand Vivid-Phrasal Idioms’ Meanings , Rasha Salem S. Alghamdi
An Exercise in Exceptions: Personhood, Divergency, and Ableism in the STAR TREK Franchise , Jessica A. Blackman
Vulnerable Resistance in Victorian Women’s Writing , Stephanie A. Harper
Curricular Assemblages: Understanding Student Writing Knowledge (Re)circulation Across Genres , Adam Phillips
PAD Beyond the Classroom: Integrating PAD in the Scrum Workplace , Jade S. Weiss
Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021
Social Cues in Animated Pedagogical Agents for Second Language Learners: the Application of The Embodiment Principle in Video Design , Sahar M. Alyahya
A Field-Wide Examination of Cross-Listed Courses in Technical Professional Communication , Carolyn M. Gubala
Labor-Based Grading Contracts in the Multilingual FYC Classroom: Unpacking the Variables , Kara Kristina Larson
Land Goddesses, Divine Pigs, and Royal Tricksters: Subversive Mythologies and Imperialist Land Ownership Dispossession in Twentieth Century Irish and American Literature , Elizabeth Ricketts
Oppression, Resistance, and Empowerment: The Power Dynamics of Naming and Un-naming in African American Literature, 1794 to 2019 , Melissa "Maggie" Romigh
Generic Expectations in First Year Writing: Teaching Metadiscoursal Reflection and Revision Strategies for Increased Generic Uptake of Academic Writing , Kaelah Rose Scheff
Reframing the Gothic: Race, Gender, & Disability in Multiethnic Literature , Ashely B. Tisdale
Intersections of Race and Place in Short Fiction by New Orleans Gens de Couleur Libres , Adrienne D. Vivian
Mental Illness Diagnosis and the Construction of Stigma , Katie Lynn Walkup
Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020
Rhetorical Roundhouse Kicks: Tae Kwon Do Pumsae Practice and Non-Western Embodied Topoi , Spencer Todd Bennington
9/11 Then and Now: How the Performance of Memorial Rhetoric by Presidents Changes to Construct Heroes , Kristen M. Grafton
Kinesthetically Speaking: Human and Animal Communication in British Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century , Dana Jolene Laitinen
Exploring Refugee Students’ Second Language (L2) Motivational Selves through Digital Visual Representations , Nhu Le
Glamour in Contemporary American Cinema , Shauna A. Maragh
Instrumentalization Theory: An Analytical Heuristic for a Heightened Social Awareness of Machine Learning Algorithms in Social Media , Andrew R. Miller
Intercessory Power: A Literary Analysis of Ethics and Care in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon , Alice Walker’s Meridian , and Toni Cade Bambara’s Those Bones Are Not My Child , Kelly Mills
The Power of Non-Compliant Logos: A New Materialist Approach to Comic Studies , Stephanie N. Phillips
Female Identity and Sexuality in Contemporary Indonesian Novels , Zita Rarastesa
"The Fiery Furnaces of Hell": Rhetorical Dynamism in Youngstown, OH , Joshua M. Rea
“We developed solidarity”: Family, Race, Identity, and Space-Time in Recent Multiethnic U.S. American Fiction , Kimber L. Wiggs
Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019
Remembrance of a Wound: Ethical Mourning in the Works of Ana Menéndez, Elías Miguel Muñoz, and Junot Díaz , José Aparicio
Taking an “Ecological Turn” in the Evaluation of Rhetorical Interventions , Peter Cannon
New GTA’s and the Pre-Semester Orientation: The Need for Informed Refinement , Jessica L. Griffith
Reading Rape and Answering with Empathy: A New Approach to Sexual Assault Education for College Students , Brianna Jerman
The Karoo , The Veld , and the Co-Op: The Farm as Microcosm and Place for Change in Schreiner, Lessing, and Head , Elana D. Karshmer
"The weak are meat, and the strong do eat"; Representations of the Slaughterhouse in Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Literature , Stephanie Lance
Language of Carnival: How Language and the Carnivalesque Challenge Hegemony , Yulia O. Nekrashevich
Queer Authority in Old and Middle English Literature , Elan J. Pavlinich
Because My Garmin Told Me To: A New Materialist Study of Agency and Wearable Technology , Michael Repici
No One Wants to Read What You Write: A Contextualized Analysis of Service Course Assignments , Tanya P. Zarlengo
Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018
Beauty and the Beasts: Making Places with Literary Animals of Florida , Haili A. Alcorn
The Medievalizing Process: Religious Medievalism in Romantic and Victorian Literature , Timothy M. Curran
Seeing Trauma: The Known and the Hidden in Nineteenth-Century Literature , Alisa M. DeBorde
Analysis of User Interfaces in the Sharing Economy , Taylor B. Johnson
Border-Crossing Travels Across Literary Worlds: My Shamanic Conscientization , Scott Neumeister
The Spectacle of The Bomb: Rhetorical Analysis of Risk of The Nevada Test Site in Technical Communication, Popular Press, and Pop Culture , Tiffany Wilgar
Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017
Traveling Women and Consuming Place in Eighteenth-Century Travel Letters and Journals , Cassie Patricia Childs
“The Nations of the Field and Wood”: The Uncertain Ontology of Animals in Eighteenth-Century British Literature , J. Kevin Jordan
Modern Mythologies: The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature , Sucheta Kanjilal
Science in the Sun: How Science is Performed as a Spatial Practice , Natalie Kass
Body as Text: Physiognomy on the Early English Stage , Curtis Le Van
Tensions Between Democracy and Expertise in the Florida Keys , Elizabeth A. Loyer
Institutional Review Boards and Writing Studies Research: A Justice-Oriented Study , Johanna Phelps-Hillen
The Spirit of Friendship: Girlfriends in Contemporary African American Literature , Tangela La'Chelle Serls
Aphra Behn on the Contemporary Stage: Behn's Feminist Legacy and Woman-Directed Revivals of The Rover , Nicole Elizabeth Stodard
(Age)ncy in Composition Studies , Alaina Tackitt
Constructing Health Narratives: Patient Feedback in Online Communities , Katie Lynn Walkup
Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016
Rupturing the World of Elite Athletics: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis of the Suspension of the 2011 IAAF Regulations on Hyperandrogenism , Ella Browning
Shaping Climate Citizenship: The Ethics of Inclusion in Climate Change Communication and Policy , Lauren E. Cagle
Drop, Cover, and Hold On: Analyzing FEMA's Risk Communication through Visual Rhetoric , Samantha Jo Cosgrove
Material Expertise: Applying Object-oriented Rhetoric in Marine Policy , Zachary Parke Dixon
The Non-Identical Anglophone Bildungsroman : From the Categorical to the De-Centering Literary Subject in the Black Atlantic , Jarad Heath Fennell
Instattack: Instagram and Visual Ad Hominem Political Arguments , Sophia Evangeline Gourgiotis
Hospitable Climates: Representations of the West Indies in Eighteenth-Century British Literature , Marisa Carmen Iglesias
Chosen Champions: Medieval and Early Modern Heroes as Postcolonial Reactions to Tensions between England and Europe , Jessica Trant Labossiere
Science, Policy, and Decision Making: A Case Study of Deliberative Rhetoric and Policymaking for Coastal Adaptation in Southeast Florida , Karen Patricia Langbehn
A New Materialist Approach to Visual Rhetoric in PhotoShopBattles , Jonathan Paul Ray
Tracing the Material: Spaces and Objects in British and Irish Modernist Novels , Mary Allison Wise
Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015
Representations of Gatsby: Ninety Years of Retrospective , Christine Anne Auger
Robust, Low Power, Discrete Gate Sizing , Anthony Joseph Casagrande
Wrestling with Angels: Postsecular Contemporary American Poetry , Paul T. Corrigan
#networkedglobe: Making the Connection between Social Media and Intercultural Technical Communication , Laura Anne Ewing
Evidence of Things Not Seen: A Semi-Automated Descriptive Phrase and Frame Analysis of Texts about the Herbicide Agent Orange , Sarah Beth Hopton
'She Shall Not Be Moved': Black Women's Spiritual Practice in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, Beloved, Paradise, and Home , Rondrea Danielle Mathis
Relational Agency, Networked Technology, and the Social Media Aftermath of the Boston Marathon Bombing , Megan M. Mcintyre
Now, We Hear Through a Voice Darkly: New Media and Narratology in Cinematic Art , James Anthony Ricci
Navigating Collective Activity Systems: An Approach Towards Rhetorical Inquiry , Katherine Jesse Royce
Women's Narratives of Confinement: Domestic Chores as Threads of Resistance and Healing , Jacqueline Marie Smith
Domestic Spaces in Transition: Modern Representations of Dwelling in the Texts of Elizabeth Bowen , Shannon Tivnan
Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014
Paradise Always Already Lost: Myth, Memory, and Matter in English Literature , Elizabeth Stuart Angello
Overcoming the 5th-Century BCE Epistemological Tragedy: A Productive Reading of Protagoras of Abdera , Ryan Alan Blank
Acts of Rebellion: The Rhetoric of Rogue Cinema , Adam Breckenridge
Material and Textual Spaces in the Poetry of Montagu, Leapor, Barbauld, and Robinson , Jessica Lauren Cook
Decolonizing Shakespeare: Race, Gender, and Colonialism in Three Adaptations of Three Plays by William Shakespeare , Angela Eward-Mangione
Risk of Compliance: Tracing Safety and Efficacy in Mef-Lariam's Licensure , Julie Marie Gerdes
Beyond Performance: Rhetoric, Collective Memory, and the Motive of Imprinting Identity , Brenda M. Grau
Subversive Beauty - Victorian Bodies of Expression , Lisa Michelle Hoffman-Reyes
Integrating Reading and Writing For Florida's ESOL Program , George Douglas Mcarthur
Responsibility and Responsiveness in the Novels of Ann Radcliffe and Mary Shelley , Katherine Marie McGee
Ghosts, Orphans, and Outlaws: History, Family, and the Law in Toni Morrison's Fiction , Jessica Mckee
The "Defective" Generation: Disability in Modernist Literature , Deborah Susan Mcleod
Science Fiction/Fantasy and the Representation of Ethnic Futurity , Joy Ann Sanchez-Taylor
Hermes, Technical Communicator of the Gods: The Theory, Design, and Creation of a Persuasive Game for Technical Communication , Eric Walsh
Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013
Rhetorical Spirits: Spirituality as Rhetorical Device in New Age Womanist of Color Texts , Ronisha Witlee Browdy
Disciplinarity, Crisis, and Opportunity in Technical Communication , Jason Robert Carabelli
The Terror of Possibility: A Re-evaluation and Reconception of the Sublime Aesthetic , Kurt Fawver
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Dissertation, Doctoral Project, and Thesis Information & Templates
Note: Forms required for the submission of theses and dissertations are available on the Academic Forms page.
Important Notes for Dissertation, Doctoral Project & Thesis Writers
- Information is available in Section IV.B.2 Research on Human Subjects of the Graduate Bulletin (from the Resources and Policies page ).
- Additional information and forms are available on the IRB website . Your IRB approval number must be included on the Thesis or Dissertation Proposal Form.
- Consult the Guidelines for Dissertation, Doctoral Project and Thesis Writers before beginning your thesis or dissertation.
- Download a template to assist with formatting your work. The templates are unlocked and can be edited (links to the template can be found in the “Submission Procedures” sections below).
- Check the Resources & Guidelines section of the ProQuest website for instructions on using the site. The Library has created a very informative series of short videos about the choices you must make on the ProQuest site.
- Additional information on copyright, publishing options and other topics is available on Lauinger’s Scholarly Communication website.
- More information about the requirements for dissertations, doctoral projects and theses can be found in the Graduate Bulletin .
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Information on the forms required leading up to a defense and also afterward appear on Submission of Thesis and Submission of Dissertation or Doctoral Project .
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- If you use the LaTeX markup language, you can download a ZIP file folder containing several template and style documents, as well as an extensive tutorial manual, at this link: Thesis/Dissertation Template-LaTeX . An updated .sty file was uploaded in June 2020.
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- How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples
How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples
Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.
A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .
Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.
You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:
- Start with a question
- Write your initial answer
- Develop your answer
- Refine your thesis statement
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Table of contents
What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.
A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.
The best thesis statements are:
- Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
- Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
- Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.
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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .
The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.
You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.
You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?
For example, you might ask:
After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .
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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.
In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.
The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.
In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.
The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.
A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:
- Why you hold this position
- What they’ll learn from your essay
- The key points of your argument or narrative
The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.
These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.
Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:
- In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
- In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.
If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
- Ad hominem fallacy
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- False cause fallacy
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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.
The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:
- It gives your writing direction and focus.
- It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.
Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.
Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :
- Ask a question about your topic .
- Write your initial answer.
- Develop your answer by including reasons.
- Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.
The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .
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On the Alignment, Robustness, and Generalizability of Multimodal Learning
Multimodal intelligence, where AI systems can process and integrate information from multiple modalities, such as text, visual, audio, etc., has emerged as a key concept in today’s data-driven era. This cross-modal approach finds diverse applications and transformative potential across industries. By fusing heterogeneous data streams, multimodal AI generates representations more akin to human-like intelligence than traditional unimodal techniques.
In this thesis, we aim to advance the field of multimodal intelligence by focusing on three crucial dimensions: multimodal alignment, robustness, and generalizability. By introducing new approaches and methods, we aim to improve the performance, robustness, and interpretability of multimodal models in practical applications. In this thesis, we address these critical questions: (1) How do we explore the inner semantic alignment between different types of data? How can the learned alignment help advance multimodal applications? (2) How robust are the multimodal models? How can we improve the models’ robustness in real-world applications? (3) How do we generalize the knowledge of one learned domain to another unlearned domain?
This thesis makes contributions to all three technical challenges. We start with a contribution of learning cross-modal semantic alignment, where we explore establishing rich connections between language and image/video data, with a focus on the multimodal summarization task. By aligning the semantic content of language with visual elements, the resulting models can possess a more nuanced understanding of the underlying concepts. We delve into the application of Optimal Transport-based approaches to learn cross-domain alignment, enabling models to provide interpretable explanations of their multimodal reasoning process.
For the next contribution, we develop comprehensive evaluation metrics and methodologies to assess the robustness of multimodal models. By simulating distribution shifts and measuring the model’s performance under different scenarios, we can gain a deeper understanding of the model’s adaptability and identify potential vulnerabilities. We also adopt Optimal Transport to improve the model’s robustness performance through data augmentation via Wasserstein Geodesic perturbation.
The third contribution revolves around the generalizability of multimodal systems, with an emphasis on the interactive domain and the healthcare domain. In the interactive domain, we develop new learning paradigms for learning executable robotic policy plans from visual observations by incorporating latent language encoding. We also use retrieval augmentation to make the vision-language models capable of recognizing and providing knowledgeable answers in real-world entity-centric VQA. In the healthcare domain, we bridge the gap by transferring the knowledge of LLMs to clinical ECG and EEG. In addition, we design retrieval systems that can automatically match the clinical healthcare signal to the most similar records in the database. This functionality can significantly aid in diagnosing diseases and reduce physicians’ workload.
In essence, this thesis seeks to propel the field of multimodal AI forward by enhancing alignment, robustness, and generalizability, thus paving the way for more sophisticated and efficient multimodal AI systems.
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- Computer Science
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- Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Doctoral Thesis: Representation Learning for Control: Lessons from Partially Observable Linear Dynamical Systems
By: Yi Tian
Thesis Supervisor: Suvrit Sra
- Date: Tuesday, August 13
- Time: 10:00 am - 11:30 am
- Category: Thesis Defense
- Location: 32-G882
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In the age of large models, the learning strategy, which determines the scaling exponents of performance versus compute, data, and model parameters in the scaling law, is more critical than ever. An important aspect of the learning strategy is the learning objective, such as next-token prediction for language models. What is its counterpart for learning a world model? Answering this question requires understanding the right objective for learning state representations. Observation-driven, action-driven, and cost-driven objectives have all been explored empirically for learning state representations, but a rigorous understanding of them remains lacking.
In this talk, we will examine the different objectives of learning state representations for control from partial and potentially high-dimensional observations through the lens of linear dynamical systems. In this clean setup, we are able to answer a set of theoretical questions, including whether these learning objectives provably work, with what algorithmic ingredients, under what assumptions, and what they achieve. I will reveal deep connections between these learning objectives and the classical Kalman decomposition known in control theory from the 1960s. Additionally, I will discuss the implications of these results for practitioners, and even for decision-makers in everyday life, e.g., how we should handle uncontrollable or unobservable things in decision-making.
Thesis committee: Suvrit Sra (advisor), Ali Jadbabaie, Russ Tedrake, John Tsitsiklis
Zoom: https://mit.zoom.us/my/yitian
- Email: [email protected]
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Theorem 1.2.1. A homogenous system of linear equations with more unknowns than equations always has infinitely many solutions. The definition of matrix multiplication requires that the number of columns of the first factor A be the same as the number of rows of the second factor B in order to form the product AB.
Mark Stephan Felix and Ian Smith. A Practical Guide to Dissertation and Thesis Writing. By Mark Stephan Felix and Ian Smith. This book first published 2019. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from ...
Revised on April 16, 2024. A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master's program or a capstone to a bachelor's degree. Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation, it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete.
Thesis. Your thesis is the central claim in your essay—your main insight or idea about your source or topic. Your thesis should appear early in an academic essay, followed by a logically constructed argument that supports this central claim. A strong thesis is arguable, which means a thoughtful reader could disagree with it and therefore ...
A good thesis has two parts. It should tell what you plan to argue, and it should "telegraph" how you plan to argue—that is, what particular support for your claim is going where in your essay. Steps in Constructing a Thesis. First, analyze your primary sources. Look for tension, interest, ambiguity, controversy, and/or complication.
Prize-Winning Thesis and Dissertation Examples. Published on September 9, 2022 by Tegan George.Revised on July 18, 2023. It can be difficult to know where to start when writing your thesis or dissertation.One way to come up with some ideas or maybe even combat writer's block is to check out previous work done by other students on a similar thesis or dissertation topic to yours.
Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates. Published on June 7, 2022 by Tegan George.Revised on November 21, 2023. A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process.It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to ...
Thesis Statements What this handout is about This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can discover or refine one for your draft. Introduction Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an
Writing. 9. Each thesis or dissertation is unique but all share several common elements. The following is not an exact guide but rather a general outline. Chapter 1: Purpose and Significance of the Study. In the first chapter, clearly state what the purpose of the study is and explain the study's significance.
Thesis Statements. WHAT IS A THESIS?? Your thesis statement asserts the central idea of your writing. The thesis takes a clear-cut position on a debatable topic, or summarizes the main point of argument of your paper. The thesis answers the main question or problem associated with your topic, which your course's assignment directions often state.
is Statements - Defining, Developing, and EvaluatingAn effective thesis statement functions as a directional signpost, providing clarity and focused direction. for the reader on a particular ...
the PDF thesis file. Use of Adobe Reader to open and fill in the form is strongly recommended (form fields may not function as intended when used with a preview app). Title must match title found on title page. Include UIN . Degree must be correct Number of signatures required for doctoral students = director of research (adviser) + all voting
r may lack context and depth.A thesis statement is a research proposition wh. ch is to be proven or argued. The argument(s) you make in your paper should reflect the main idea, and the sentence that captures your position on this main. dea is the thesis statement. This statement only nee. roblematic thesis statements:PROBLEM: Thesis.
Example thesis statement: Shaped by religious tradition and belief the supremacy of Western culture, 20th century United States foreign policy has reinforced racism against the Middle East. • Argumentative Makes a claim about a topic and defends this claim Example thesis statement: High school graduates should be required to
statement of the nature and content of the thesis or dissertation. It is written in complete sentences and paragraphs rather than in note or outline form. Text should be either double or 1.5 spaced, the same spacing as used throughout the text of the thesis/dissertation. The abstract may not exceed 300 words. Front Matter
A GUIDE TO THESIS, PROJECT, AND DISSERTATION FORMATTING . 2020-2021 Edition . California State University, San Bernardino Office of Graduate Studies, COE 356 . 5500 University Parkway San Bernardino, CA 92407 (909) 537- 5058 . gradstudies.csusb.edu
minimum of ten days for all members of the thesis committee to review the thesis. Step 1: Prepare the content of your presentation. The content of your presentation is the mirror of your thesis ...
2.4 Differences between Master's and PhD thesis 6 2.5 Rules of Submission 6 2.5.1 Research Master's thesis layout 7 2.5.2 PhD thesis layout 8 3 Preparing to Write 9 3.1 Before you begin 9 3.2 Obtain copies of successful theses in your area of research 9 3.3 Pre-writing activities 9 3.4 Making time to write 10
Strong Thesis Statement. ral idea or main argument of theIt typically appears at the end of the introduction as the last sentence. though it may appear elsewhere).The thesis may be implied or explicitly stated, but it shoul. always be evident to the reader.The thesis may differ in form depending on the type of writing (argumentative, persuasi.
• Try and avoid using a three-pronged thesis statement. Experienced, creative writers aim to make a general claim and avoid the standard "five paragraph essay." Expository (Explanatory) Thesis Statements . An expository paper explains something to the reader. An expository thesis statement details: 1. What you are going to explain 2.
Theses/Dissertations from 2024. PDF. The Drama of Last Things: Reckoning in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Drama, Spencer M. Daniels. PDF. African Spirituality in Literature Written by Women of African Descent, Brigét V. Harley. PDF.
The Master's Thesis Template for Word for Mac is available at: Thesis Template-MAC; The Doctoral Template for Word for Mac is available at Dissertation Template-MAC; LaTeX. If you use the LaTeX markup language, you can download a ZIP file folder containing several template and style documents, ...
Step 2: Write your initial answer. After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process. The internet has had more of a positive than a negative effect on education.
This thesis makes contributions to all three technical challenges. We start with a contribution of learning cross-modal semantic alignment, where we explore establishing rich connections between language and image/video data, with a focus on the multimodal summarization task. By aligning the semantic content of language with visual elements ...
the research of this thesis. These insider networks allowed for many of these narratives to be understood contextually and intimately through stories told by my elders. My positionality within this thesis is unique and it directly molded the way this is written. I attempted to write this
Category: Thesis Defense; Location: 32-G882; Additional Location Details: Abstract: In the age of large models, the learning strategy, which determines the scaling exponents of performance versus compute, data, and model parameters in the scaling law, is more critical than ever. An important aspect of the learning strategy is the learning ...
May 23, 2025 Signed PDF of thesis due by email to the PBS department by 3:00 pm _____ _____ Student Signature Date _____ _____ Primary Advisor Signature Date Submit completed checklist to the Psychological and Brain Sciences Department by email to [email protected], or hard copy to the PBS main office. ...
A separate final comprehensive oral examination (ME 799) covering the entire program of study, including the thesis, is required at the end of the program (after the successful thesis defense). The Graduate Music Diagnostic Exams in music theory and music history are required for placement purposes.
Required: JRMC 7300 (MA Final Thesis Hours) (Last semester of thesis year) _____ ELECTIVES/COGNATES - Remaining (6 to 12) credit hours from the courses below, other Grady College graduate courses (e.g., JRMC 8350), or graduate courses from outside Grady College: 1. JRMC 8000 - Proseminar _____
The essays do cover every aspect of Neihardt's writings, and in this, the book stands far above many other sympathetic anthologies of essays. To the reader who does not already know, Neihardt's ...