article about presentation

Ideas and insights from Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning

Powerful and Effective Presentation Skills: More in Demand Now Than Ever

When we talk with our L&D colleagues from around the globe, we often hear that presentation skills training is one of the top opportunities they’re looking to provide their learners. And this holds true whether their learners are individual contributors, people managers, or senior leaders. This is not surprising.

Effective communications skills are a powerful career activator, and most of us are called upon to communicate in some type of formal presentation mode at some point along the way.

For instance, you might be asked to brief management on market research results, walk your team through a new process, lay out the new budget, or explain a new product to a client or prospect. Or you may want to build support for a new idea, bring a new employee into the fold, or even just present your achievements to your manager during your performance review.

And now, with so many employees working from home or in hybrid mode, and business travel in decline, there’s a growing need to find new ways to make effective presentations when the audience may be fully virtual or a combination of in person and remote attendees.

Whether you’re making a standup presentation to a large live audience, or a sit-down one-on-one, whether you’re delivering your presentation face to face or virtually, solid presentation skills matter.

Even the most seasoned and accomplished presenters may need to fine-tune or update their skills. Expectations have changed over the last decade or so. Yesterday’s PowerPoint which primarily relied on bulleted points, broken up by the occasional clip-art image, won’t cut it with today’s audience.

The digital revolution has revolutionized the way people want to receive information. People expect presentations that are more visually interesting. They expect to see data, metrics that support assertions. And now, with so many previously in-person meetings occurring virtually, there’s an entirely new level of technical preparedness required.

The leadership development tools and the individual learning opportunities you’re providing should include presentation skills training that covers both the evergreen fundamentals and the up-to-date capabilities that can make or break a presentation.

So, just what should be included in solid presentation skills training? Here’s what I think.

The fundamentals will always apply When it comes to making a powerful and effective presentation, the fundamentals will always apply. You need to understand your objective. Is it strictly to convey information, so that your audience’s knowledge is increased? Is it to persuade your audience to take some action? Is it to convince people to support your idea? Once you understand what your objective is, you need to define your central message. There may be a lot of things you want to share with your audience during your presentation, but find – and stick with – the core, the most important point you want them to walk away with. And make sure that your message is clear and compelling.

You also need to tailor your presentation to your audience. Who are they and what might they be expecting? Say you’re giving a product pitch to a client. A technical team may be interested in a lot of nitty-gritty product detail. The business side will no doubt be more interested in what returns they can expect on their investment.

Another consideration is the setting: is this a formal presentation to a large audience with questions reserved for the end, or a presentation in a smaller setting where there’s the possibility for conversation throughout? Is your presentation virtual or in-person? To be delivered individually or as a group? What time of the day will you be speaking? Will there be others speaking before you and might that impact how your message will be received?

Once these fundamentals are established, you’re in building mode. What are the specific points you want to share that will help you best meet your objective and get across your core message? Now figure out how to convey those points in the clearest, most straightforward, and succinct way. This doesn’t mean that your presentation has to be a series of clipped bullet points. No one wants to sit through a presentation in which the presenter reads through what’s on the slide. You can get your points across using stories, fact, diagrams, videos, props, and other types of media.

Visual design matters While you don’t want to clutter up your presentation with too many visual elements that don’t serve your objective and can be distracting, using a variety of visual formats to convey your core message will make your presentation more memorable than slides filled with text. A couple of tips: avoid images that are cliched and overdone. Be careful not to mix up too many different types of images. If you’re using photos, stick with photos. If you’re using drawn images, keep the style consistent. When data are presented, stay consistent with colors and fonts from one type of chart to the next. Keep things clear and simple, using data to support key points without overwhelming your audience with too much information. And don’t assume that your audience is composed of statisticians (unless, of course, it is).

When presenting qualitative data, brief videos provide a way to engage your audience and create emotional connection and impact. Word clouds are another way to get qualitative data across.

Practice makes perfect You’ve pulled together a perfect presentation. But it likely won’t be perfect unless it’s well delivered. So don’t forget to practice your presentation ahead of time. Pro tip: record yourself as you practice out loud. This will force you to think through what you’re going to say for each element of your presentation. And watching your recording will help you identify your mistakes—such as fidgeting, using too many fillers (such as “umm,” or “like”), or speaking too fast.

A key element of your preparation should involve anticipating any technical difficulties. If you’ve embedded videos, make sure they work. If you’re presenting virtually, make sure that the lighting is good, and that your speaker and camera are working. Whether presenting in person or virtually, get there early enough to work out any technical glitches before your presentation is scheduled to begin. Few things are a bigger audience turn-off than sitting there watching the presenter struggle with the delivery mechanisms!

Finally, be kind to yourself. Despite thorough preparation and practice, sometimes, things go wrong, and you need to recover in the moment, adapt, and carry on. It’s unlikely that you’ll have caused any lasting damage and the important thing is to learn from your experience, so your next presentation is stronger.

How are you providing presentation skills training for your learners?

Manika Gandhi is Senior Learning Design Manager at Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning. Email her at [email protected] .

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How to make a great presentation

Stressed about an upcoming presentation? These talks are full of helpful tips on how to get up in front of an audience and make a lasting impression.

The secret structure of great talks

The beauty of data visualization

TED's secret to great public speaking

How to speak so that people want to listen

How great leaders inspire action

A step-by-step guide to captivating PowerPoint presentation design

november 20, 2023

by Corporate PowerPoint Girl

Do you often find yourself stuck with a lackluster PowerPoint presentation, desperately seeking ways to make it more engaging and visually appealing? If your boss has ever told you to "please fix" a presentation and you didn't know where to start, you're not alone. In this article, we'll walk you through a straightforward method to transform your PowerPoint slides into a visually captivating masterpiece. 

Let's dive right in! 

Clean up your slides 

The first step in this journey to presentation excellence is all about decluttering your slides and elevating their impact. Say goodbye to those uninspiring bullet points that often dominate presentations. Instead, focus on what truly matters – the key call-out numbers. By increasing the font size of these numbers, you ensure they take center stage, immediately drawing your audience's attention. 

To make those numbers pop, consider breaking the text after the numbers into the next line and adding a touch of color. The contrast created by pairing a dark color with a lighter shade, like dark teal and light teal or burnt orange with peach, can work wonders. This simple adjustment makes your data more engaging , enhancing the overall impact of your presentation. 

Add dimension with boxes 

Now, let's introduce an element of depth and organization to your slides. By adding boxes, you'll create a visually pleasing structure that guides your audience through the content. In the "Insert" menu, select "Table" and opt for a one-by-one table. Change the table color to a light gray shade, elongate it, and position it neatly to the left of your text. 

To improve readability and aesthetics, increase the spacing between text phrases. A small adjustment in the before spacing setting (setting it to 48) significantly enhances the visual appeal of your slides. 

Insert circles 

To further enhance the visual appeal and engagement of your slides, let's introduce circles. In the Insert menu, navigate to Shapes and choose the circle. Adjust the circle's height and width to 1.2, ensuring it complements your content seamlessly. Match the circle's shape fill color with the corresponding text color for a harmonious look. 

Avoid using colored outlines for the circles, as they may distract from the overall aesthetic. This simple addition of circles adds an element of visual interest to your presentation, making it more captivating. 

Choose icons 

Now, it's time for a touch of creativity. Selecting icons to complement your text can elevate the clarity and appeal of your slides. In the "Insert" menu, you can search for relevant keywords to find the perfect icon from PowerPoint's extensive library . 

For instance, if your text discusses investment portfolio yield, search for "growth" and choose an upward arrow growth icon. These icons add an extra layer of visual appeal and clarity to your content, making it more engaging and informative. 

Final touches 

To wrap up the transformation process, we come to the final touches that give your presentation a polished, professional finish. Align your icons with their corresponding circles and change the shape fill color to white. This simple adjustment creates a crisp, cohesive look that ties everything together seamlessly. 

In conclusion, by following these steps, you've embarked on a journey to enhance your PowerPoint presentation . These initial steps are just the beginning of your exploration into the world of design elements and styles that can cater to your specific presentation needs. The key to a stunning PowerPoint presentation lies in the details. By following these steps, you can turn a lackluster set of slides into a visually engaging and dynamic presentation that will captivate your audience. So, the next time your boss says, "Please fix," you'll know exactly where to start. Happy presenting! 

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Presenting With Confidence

Wendy h. vogel.

1 Wellmont Cancer Institute, Kingsport, Tennessee;

Pamela Hallquist Viale

2 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Often, advanced practitioners must give clinical presentations. Public speaking, which is a major fear for most individuals, is a developed skill. Giving an oral presentation is a good way to demonstrate work, knowledge base, and expertise. Giving an effective presentation can help obtain recognition of skills and proficiency as an advanced practitioner or expert in the field. This paper will highlight skills and techniques that can help to improve presentation style and the ability to connect with an audience.

As an advanced practitioner, it is likely that you will be asked to deliver a lecture at some point in your career. Medical presentations can range from casual in-services to professional lectures given to audiences of thousands. Since public speaking is listed as one of the top fears of individuals living in the United States, it pays to develop skills as a speaker or presenter.

Giving an oral presentation is essential to demonstrating your work, knowledge base, and expertise. Giving an effective presentation can help you obtain recognition and acknowledgement of your skills and proficiency as an advanced practitioner or expert in the field. However, many presenters lack the skills to deliver a dynamic and persuasive lecture. Inadequate speaking skills can be detrimental to your ability to deliver an important message, or worse yet, bore your audience. This article will highlight skills and techniques that can help to improve your presentation style and ability to connect with your audience.

FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

If you are afraid of public speaking, you are not alone. Marinho, de Medeiros, Gama, and Teixeira ( 2016 ) studied college students to determine the prevalence of fear of public speaking. In a group of 1,135 undergraduate students (aged 17–58), over half of those surveyed (n = 63.9%) reported a fear of public speaking. Almost the entire group surveyed (89.3%) wanted classes to improve public speaking. Specific traits associated with a fear of speaking were reported as female gender, infrequent experience, and perception of poor voice quality.

Giving a bad presentation can alienate your audience from your lecture and the message you are trying to deliver. Table 1 lists ways to give a bad presentation. But, let us assume you do not want to give a bad presentation at all. In fact, you have an important message to share with your audience and you have been invited to give an hour-long lecture on the subject. How can you deliver that message in an effective and engaging manner?

Tips for Giving a Bad Presentation

HIGH-LEVEL TIPS

The first tip is to know your subject and know it well. In fact, should your audio-visual equipment malfunction (and if you speak often enough, this is likely to happen), you should have your presentation memorized. However, it is a good idea to make a hard copy of your slides and use them in case of equipment failure. Your audience might not be able to see a graph in detail, but you’ll be able to speak to a study and deliver the results without panicking about your lost slide deck or incompatible presentation equipment.

The second tip is to know your audience. If you are speaking to a group of nurses on a unit, your speaking style and delivery message will be more casual than when you speak to a room of 500 people. Nonetheless, you need to know who you are talking to and what they expect from your lecture. Table 2 lists some information you will want to know about your audience. Researching and knowing your audience will make your message more pertinent and personal.

What to Know About Your Audience

Understanding who your audience is will enable you to engage your audience. Look excited and enthusiastic. If you are motivated about your topic, then they will be too. Show your interest in your subject and your excitement about sharing the data with your audience.

Another tip is to develop your stage presence. Actors rehearse their roles until they can do it in their sleep, creating their best and most polished dramatic performances. You aren’t in a Broadway musical, but you need to have a stage presence. Recording your lecture and then examining ways to improve your delivery is a great way to develop your speaking skills. Utilize who you are and capitalize on that. Practice in front of a friend or mentor for feedback on your delivery

Your audience will develop an impression of you within the first 15 seconds. Develop an impactful opening to start off right. Table 3 gives some examples of impactful openings. For example, if you wanted to demonstrate the effect that tanning booths have had on the incidence of melanoma in young women, you could open with a photo of a tanning booth, followed by the daunting statistics in melanoma and an example of a case of melanoma. This slide becomes the "hook" that captures your audience’s interest.

Examples of Impactful Openings

When giving a medical presentation, advanced practitioners have a wonderful chance to share a patient story or vignette that will demonstrate the medical problem and its impact on practice ( Moffett, Berezowski, Spencer, & Lanning, 2014 ). You can do this easily by showing a patient radiological study or lab values, or a picture of a particularly challenging side effect. The net result is that your audience will be intrigued and relate to your story, especially if they take care of that patient population. Tell the story of the patient and describe the significance of the side effect or disease state. Clinical presentations often benefit from case studies that your audience may recognize from their own practices. Some of the most successful presentations use case studies followed by examples of right or wrong approaches to a patient problem, asking the audience to decide best practice and thereby engaging the audience fully. Tell your audience why this topic is important and why they need to know about it ( Moffett et al., 2014 ). Then, share the data supporting the importance of your story and how your audience can use the information to affect or change practice. You want to capture the attention of your audience at the very beginning of your presentation and then hold it. Humor may also be used for openings, but care must be taken with this and should be directed at yourself and not anyone else. Keep the attention of the audience by developing your delivery skills. Lastly, and perhaps the most important advice, is to "practice, practice, practice."

DEVELOPING SLIDES

Most medical speakers use PowerPoint to illustrate their talk and data. Using your slides effectively can make an important difference in your presentation and how your audience will respond. Develop your presentation and topic first, then create your slides. The 5/5/5 rule calls for no more than five words per line of text, five lines of text per slide, or five text or data-heavy slides in a row ( LearnFree.org, 2017 ). See Table 4 for tips for using PowerPoint.

PowerPoint Tips

Adding images to your slides can create visual interest. Pictures of patients with side effects or complications can immediately show the audience what you are trying to communicate. As with data slides, appropriate referencing of images must be added to each of your slides. If you are using clip art to add interest or humor to your presentation, be mindful of possible distractions to your main message. Use these kinds of imagery sparingly.

Using slides during your presentation can enhance the message you are giving, but it is vital that you use the slide and not let it use you. Know your slides well enough that you do not have to read them. The title of the slide should give the key message of that slide. You do not have to tell your audience everything on the slide; instead, give them an overview of what they are looking at. Never read a slide to an audience. Do not present to the slide; present to your audience.

KEEPING THE AUDIENCE’S INTEREST

If your presentation is longer than 20 minutes, you may have a "mid-talk slump." This is a great time to check in with your audience: Do they understand your message thus far? Pause for a moment and engage your audience with a question or anecdote, or perhaps a patient story. Ask your audience if they have something to share regarding the topic. Change the pace and change the inflection of your voice.

Taking questions from your audience can be daunting. Table 5 gives some tips on how to answer questions. Determining when to take questions will depend upon your audience size and makeup, and the setting of your presentation. The most important tip is to listen carefully to the question and be honest if you do not know the answer.

Handling Questions From Your Audience

Your delivery skills can determine how the audience perceives you and your message. Eye contact, voice, pace, inflection, gestures, and posture are all important aspects of your delivery. Eye contact establishes rapport and a feeling of being genuine. Although you shouldn’t stare someone down, making eye contact while making a statement, then moving to your next audience member and giving another statement fosters engagement. Scanning, which is running your eyes over the audience and not focusing on any one person, should be avoided.

Your voice should be loud and animated. Generally, however loud you think you should be, be louder. Convey your enthusiasm, and vary your pace and inflection.

Gestures can enhance or take away from your talk. Be natural with an open-body approach. Keep your hands at your sides if you’re not using them. Avoid pointing; instead, use open-handed gestures. Your posture should be good, with your shoulders back and weight equally balanced on both feet. When you move, move with purpose; do not sway, rock, or pace ( Butterfield, 2015 ).

It is very normal to feel anxious or nervous. But let that feeling work for you, not against you. When you are faced with a challenging situation, cortisol and adrenaline are released, causing dry mouth, difficulty getting words out, shallow breaths, tremors, sweating, and nervous behaviors like laughter or fidgeting. To combat this, take some deep breaths, which reduces adrenaline output. Slow down and look around. Take a moment, take a sip of water, and smile. Look confident even if you do not feel it. Utilize every resource you can find to further your skills (see Table 6 for further reading).

Resources for Presenters

Advanced practitioners have many opportunities to give medical presentations, both as part of their job and as a way to advance in their professional practice. The tools provided in this article can help you develop a presentation that will be meaningful and impactful to your audience. It is a great feeling when audience members come to you after your presentation to share with you how much they enjoyed and learned from your talk. With practice, your presentations can make a difference. And remember—your audience wants you to succeed.

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Blog Data Visualization 18 Presentation Design Tips For Success

18 Presentation Design Tips For Success

Written by: Midori Nediger May 15, 2023

Bad presentations. We’ve all had to sit through them.  Heck, we’ve probably all given one or two. I know I have.

You know the type: twice as long as they need to be, slides chock-full of text, no visuals in sight. 

How can you ensure you don’t fall victim to these presentation faux-pas when designing your next presentation for your team, class, or clients?

In this blog, I’ll walk you through tips on how to design an impactful presentation along with presentation templates that can help you deliver it with style to leave a lasting impression.

Tips for designing and delivering an impactful presentation

What makes a presentation memorable?

It usually comes down to three things:

• The main idea.
• The presenter.
• The visuals.

All three elements work together to create a successful presentation. Just like how different presentation styles serve different purposes, having a good presentation idea will give the audience a purpose for listening.

Here are some top tips to consider to help you design and deliver an impactful presentation:

• Include less text and more visuals in your presentation design
• Identify one core message to center your presentation design around
• Eliminate any information that doesn’t immediately support the core message
• Create a strong presentation outline to keep you focused
• Use text to reinforce, not repeat, what you’re saying
• Design your presentation with one major takeaway per slide
• Use visuals to highlight the key message on each slide
• Use scaffolding slides to orient your audience and keep them engaged
• Use text size, weight, and color for emphasis
• Apply design choices consistently to avoid distraction
• Split a group presentation by topic
• Use a variety of page layouts to maintain your audience’s interest
• Use presentation templates to help you get started
• Include examples of inspiring people
• Dedicate slides to poignant questions
• Find quotes that will inspire your audience
• Emphasize key points with text and images
• Label your slides to prompt your memory

1. Include less text and more visuals in your presentation design

According to David Paradi’s annual presentation survey , the 3 things that annoy audiences most about presentations are:

• Speakers reading their slides
• Slides that include full sentences of text
• Text that is too small to read

The common thread that ties all of these presentation annoyances is text. Audiences are very picky about the text found in presentation slide decks .

In my experiences speaking at conferences and in webinars over the past few years, audiences respond much more positively to presentations that use visuals in place of text.

Audiences are more engaged, ask more questions, and find my talks more memorable when I include lots of visual examples in my slide decks. 

I’m not the only one who has found this. We recently surveyed nearly 400 conference speakers about their presentation designs and found that 84.3% create presentations that are highly visual.

A great example of a high visual presentation is the iconic AirBnB pitch deck design , which includes no more than 40 words per slide. Instead of repeating the speaker’s script on the slides, it makes an impact with keywords, large numbers, and icons:

Learn how to customize this presentation template:

To help you take your presentations to the next level, I’d like to share my process for creating a visually-focused presentation like the one above. I’ll give you my top presentation design tips that I’ve learned over years of presenting:

• Class presentations
• Online courses

You can then apply this process to our professional presentation templates  or pitch decks , creating unique presentation decks with ease! Our user-friendly editor tools make customizing these templates a breeze.

To leave a lasting impression on your audience, consider transforming your slides into an interactive presentation. Here are 15 interactive presentation ideas to enhance interactivity and engagement.

We’ll cover the most important steps for summarizing lengthy text into a presentation-friendly format. Then we’ll touch on some presentation design tips to help you get visual with your slide decks. Read on for the best creative presentation ideas .

2. Identify one core message to center your presentation design around

We know from David Paradi’s survey that audiences are easily overwhelmed with lots of text and data, especially when presentations are long.

(You when you see a presentation with lots of text and data and it’s long)

So unlike in a white paper , report , or essay , you can’t expect to tackle many complex ideas within a single presentation.

That would be a recipe for disaster.

Instead, identify a single central message that you would like to communicate to your audience. Then build your presentation around that core message.

By identifying that core message, you can ensure that everything you include in your presentation supports the goal of the presentation .

As seen below, a great presentation tells you exactly what you’re going to learn (the core message), then gets right to the facts (the supporting information).

To ensure you create an asset that’s clear, concise, impactful, and easy to follow, design your presentation around a single core message.

3. Create a strong presentation outline to keep you focused

Think of your outline as a roadmap for your presentation. The outline will shape the  presentation structure  and guide you through your content. Creating a strong presentation outline straight away helps make sure that you’re hitting all of the key points you need to cover to convey a persuasive presentation .

Take this presentation outline example:

• Introduction and hellos
• Vision and value proposition
• Financial profit
• Your investment
• Thanks and questions

These are all things that we know we need to talk about within the presentation.

Creating a presentation outline makes it much easier to know what to say when it comes to creating the actual presentation slides.

You could even include your presentation outline as a separate slide so that your audience knows what to expect:

The opening moments of your presentation hold immense power – check out these 15 ways to start a presentation to set the stage and captivate your audience.

4. Eliminate any information that doesn’t support the core message

Next, use that core message to identify everything that doesn’t belong in the presentation.

Aim to eliminate everything that isn’t immediately relevant to the topic at hand, and anything remotely redundant. Cut any information that isn’t absolutely essential to understanding the core message.

By cutting these extra details, you can transform forgettable text-heavy slides:

Into memorable slides with minimal text:

Here’s a quick checklist to help you cut out any extra detail:

Get rid of:

• Detailed descriptions
• Background information
• Redundant statements
• Explanations of common knowledge
• Persuasive facts and figures
• Illustrative examples
• Impactful quotes

This step may seem obvious, but when you’re presenting on a topic that you’re passionate about, it’s easy to get carried away with extraneous detail. Use the recommendations above to keep your text in check.

Clarity is key, especially if you’re presenting virtually rather than in-person. However, Lisa Schneider (Chief Growth Officer at Merriam-Webster) has had plenty of experience making that adjustment. She recently shared her tips for adapting in-person presentations into virtual presentations on Venngage that you can check out. 

Watch: How to design a presentation [10 ESSENTIAL TIPS]

5. Use text to reinforce, not repeat, what you’re saying

According to presentation guru  Nancy Duarte , your audience should be able to discern the meaning of your slides in 6 seconds or less.

Since your audience will tend to read every word you place on each slide, you must keep your text to an absolute minimum. The text on your slides should provide support for what you’re saying without being distracting.

Never write out, word for word, what you’re going to be saying out loud. If you’re relying on text to remember certain points, resist the urge to cram them into your slides. Instead, use a tool like Venngage’s speaker notes to highlight particular talking points. These can be imported into PowerPoint — along with the rest of your presentation — and will only be viewable to you, not your audience.

For the actual slides, text should only be used to reinforce what you’re saying. Like in the presentation design below, paraphrase long paragraphs into short bulleted lists or statements by eliminating adjectives and articles (like “the” and “a”).

Pull out quotes and important numbers, and make them a focus of each slide.

6. Design your presentation with one major takeaway per slide

As I mentioned above, audiences struggle when too much information is presented on a single slide.

To make sure you don’t overwhelm your audiences with too much information, spread out your content to cover one major takeaway per slide.

By limiting each slide to a single simple statement, you focus your audience’s attention on the topic at hand.

My favorite way to do this is to pick out the core message of whatever I’m talking about and express it in a few keywords, as seen in this presentation slide below.

This helps ensure that the visuals remain the focus of the slide.

Using the text in this way, to simply state a single fact per slide, is a sure-fire way to make an impact in your presentation.

Alternatively, pull out a significant statistic that you want to stick in your audience’s minds and make it a visual focus of the slide, as seen in this popular presentation by Officevibe .

This might mean you end up with a slide deck with a ton of slides. But that’s totally ok!

I’ve talked to many professionals who are pressured by their management teams to create presentations with a specific number of slides (usually as few as 10 or 15 slides for a 30-minute presentation).

If you ask me, this approach is completely flawed. In my mind, the longer I spend sitting on a single slide, the more likely I am to lose the interest of my audience.

How many slides should I use for a 10 minute presentation?

A good rule of thumb is to have at least as many slides as minutes in your presentation. So for a 10 minute presentation you should have at least 10 slides .

Use as many slides as you need, as long as you are presenting a single message on each slide, (as seen in the lengthy presentation template below). This is especially important if you’re presenting your business, or delivering a product presentation. You want to wow your audience, not bore them.

7. Use visuals to highlight the key message on each slide

As important as having one major takeaway per slide is having visuals that highlight the major takeaway on each slide.

Unique visuals will help make your message memorable.

Visuals are a great way to eliminate extra text, too.

You can add visuals by creating a timeline infographic to group and integrate information into visual frameworks like this:

Or create a flowchart  and funnels:

Or by representing simple concepts with icons, as seen in the modern presentation design below. Using the same color for every icon helps create a polished look.

Using visuals in this way is perfect for when you have to convey messages quickly to audiences that you aren’t familiar with – such as at conferences. This would also make the ideal interview presentation template.

You can alternatively use icons in different colors, like in the presentation templates below. Just make sure the colors are complimentary, and style is consistent throughout the presentation (i.e. don’t use sleek, modern icons on one slide and whimsically illustrated icons on another). In this example, presentation clipart style icons have been used.

Any time you have important stats or trends you want your audience to remember, consider using a chart or data visualization to drive your point home. Confident public speaking combined with strong visualizations can really make an impact, encouraging your audience to act upon your message.

One of my personal favorite presentations (created by a professional designer) takes this “key message plus a visual” concept to the extreme, resulting in a slide deck that’s downright irresistible.

When applying this concept, don’t fall into the trap of using bad stock photos . Irrelevant or poorly chosen visuals can hurt you as much as they help you.

Below is an example of how to use stock photos effectively. They are more thematic than literal and are customized with fun, bright icons that set a playful tone.

The content and visual design of a presentation should be seamless.

It should never seem like your text and visuals are plopped onto a template. The format and design of the slides should contribute to and support the audience’s understanding of the content.

8. Use scaffolding slides to orient your audience and keep them engaged

It’s easy for audiences to get lost during long presentations, especially if you have lots of slides. And audiences zone out when they get lost.

To help reorient your audience every once in a while, you can use something I like to call scaffolding slides. Scaffolding slides appear throughout a presentation to denote the start and end of major sections.

The core scaffolding slide is the agenda slide, which should appear right after the introduction or title slide. It outlines the major sections of the presentation.

At the beginning of each section, you should show that agenda again but highlight the relevant section title, as seen below.

This gives audiences the sense that you’re making progress through the presentation and helps keep them anchored and engaged.

Alternatively, you can achieve a similar effect by numbering your sections and showing that number on every slide. Or use a progress bar at the bottom of each slide to indicate how far along you are in your presentation. Just make sure it doesn’t distract from the main content of the slides.

You can imagine using this “progress bar” idea for a research presentation, or any presentation where you have a lot of information to get through.

Leila Janah, founder of Sama Group, is great at this. Her  Innovation and Inspire  talk about Sama Group is an example of a presentation that is well organized and very easy to follow.

Her presentation follows a logical, steady stream of ideas. She seems comfortable talking in front of a crowd but doesn’t make any attempts to engage directly with them.

9. Use text size, weight and color for emphasis

Every slide should have a visual focal point. Something that immediately draws the eye at first glance.

That focal point should be whatever is most important on that slide, be it an important number, a keyword, or simply the slide title.

We can create visual focal points by varying the size, weight, and color of each element on the slide. Larger, brighter, bolder elements will command our audience’s attention, while smaller, lighter elements will tend to fade into the background.

As seen in the presentation template above, this technique can be especially useful for drawing attention to important words within a long passage of text. Consider using this technique whenever you have more than 5 words on a slide.

And if you really want your audience to pay attention, pick a high-contrast color scheme like the one below.

When picking fonts for your presentation, keep this technique in mind. Pick a font that has a noticeable difference between the “bold” font face and the “regular” font face. Source Sans Pro, Times New Roman, Montserrat, Arvo, Roboto, and Open Sans are all good options.

The last thing to remember when using size, weight, and color to create emphasis on a slide: don’t try to emphasize too many things on one slide.

If everything is highlighted, nothing is highlighted.

10. Apply design choices consistently to avoid distraction

Audiences are quick to pick out, and focus on, any inconsistencies in your presentation design. As a result, messy, inconsistent slide decks lead to distracted, disengaged audiences.

Design choices (fonts and colors, especially), must be applied consistently across a slide deck. The last thing you want is for your audience to pay attention to your design choices before your content.

To keep your design in check, it can be helpful to create a color palette and type hierarchy before you start creating your deck, and outline it in a basic style guide like this one:

I know it can sometimes be tempting to fiddle around with text sizes to fit longer bits of text on a slide, but don’t do it! If the text is too long to fit on a slide, it should be split up onto multiple slides anyway.

And remember, a consistent design isn’t necessarily a boring one. This social media marketing presentation applies a bright color scheme to a variety of 3-column and 2-column layouts, remaining consistent but still using creative presentation ideas.

11. Split a group presentation by topic

When giving a group presentation it’s always difficult to find the right balance of who should present which part.

Splitting a group presentation by topic is the most natural way to give everybody the chance to attempt without it seeming disjointed.

When presenting this slide deck to investors or potential clients, the team can easily take one topic each. One person can discuss the business model slide, and somebody else can talk about the marketing strategy.

Top tips for group presentations:

• Split your group presentation by topic
• Introduce the next speaker at the end of your slide
• Become an ‘expert’ in the slide that you are presenting
• Rehearse your presentation in advance so that everybody knows their cue to start speaking

12. Use a variety of page layouts to maintain your audience’s interest

Page after page of the same layout can become repetitive and boring. Mix up the layout of your slides to keep your audience interested.

In this example, the designer has used a variety of combinations of images, text, and icons to create an interesting and varied style.

There are hundreds of different combinations of presentation layers and presentation styles that you can use to help create an engaging presentation . This style is great for when you need to present a variety of information and statistics, like if you were presenting to financial investors, or you were giving a research presentation.

Using a variety of layouts to keep an audience engaged is something that Elon Musk is an expert in. An engaged audience is a hyped audience. Check out this Elon Musk presentation revealing a new model Tesla for a masterclass on how to vary your slides in an interesting way:

13. Use presentation templates to help you get started

It can be overwhelming to build your own presentation from scratch. Fortunately, my team at Venngage has created hundreds of professional presentation templates , which make it easy to implement these design principles and ensure your audience isn’t deterred by text-heavy slides.

Using a presentation template is a quick and easy way to create professional-looking presentation skills, without any design experience. You can edit all of the text easily, as well as change the colors, fonts, or photos. Plus you can download your work in a PowerPoint or PDF Presentation format.

After your presentation, consider summarizing your presentation in an engaging manner to r each a wider audience through a LinkedIn presentation .

14. Include examples of inspiring people

People like having role models to look up to. If you want to motivate your audience, include examples of people who demonstrate the traits or achievements, or who have found success through the topic you are presenting.

15. Dedicate slides to poignant questions

While you might be tempted to fill your slides with decorative visuals and splashes of color, consider that sometimes simplicity is more effective than complexity. The simpler your slide is, the more you can focus on one thought-provoking idea.

16. Find quotes that will inspire your audience

A really good quote can stick in a person’s mind for weeks after your presentation. Ending your presentation with a quote can be a nice way to either begin or finish your presentation.

A great example of this is Tim Ferriss’ TED talk:

Check out the full talk below.

17. Emphasize key points with text and images

When you pair concise text with an image, you’re presenting the information to your audience in two simultaneous ways. This can make the information easier to remember, and more memorable.

Use your images and text on slides to reinforce what you’re saying out loud.

Doing this achieves two things:

• When the audience hears a point and simultaneously read it on the screen, it’s easier to retain.
• Audience members can photograph/ screencap the slide and share it with their networks.

Don’t believe us? See this tip in action with a presentation our Chief Marketing Officer Nadya gave recently at Unbounce’s CTA Conference . The combination of text and images on screen leads to a memorable presentation.

18. Label your slides to prompt your memory

Often, presenters will write out an entire script for their presentation and read it off a teleprompter. The problem is, that can often make your presentation seem  too  rehearsed and wooden.

But even if you don’t write a complete script, you can still put key phrases on your slides to prompt jog your memory. The one thing you have to be wary of is looking back at your slides too much.

A good presentation gets things moving! Check out the top qualities of awesome presentations and learn all about how to make a good presentation to help you nail that captivating delivery.

Audiences don’t want to watch presentations with slide decks jam-packed with text. Too much text only hurts audience engagement and understanding. Your presentation design is as important as your presentation style. 

By summarizing our text and creating slides with a visual focus, we can give more exciting, memorable and impactful presentations.

Give it a try with one of our popular presentation templates:

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Complete Guide for Effective Presentations, with Examples

July 9, 2018 - Dom Barnard

During a presentation you aim to look confident, enthusiastic and natural. You’ll need more than good words and content to achieve this – your delivery plays a significant part. In this article, we discuss various techniques that can be used to deliver an effective presentation.

Effective presentations

Think about if you were in the audience, what would:

• Get you to focus and listen
• Make you understand
• Activate your imagination
• Persuade you

Providing the audience with interesting information is not enough to achieve these aims – you need to ensure that the way you present is stimulating and engaging. If it’s not, you’ll lose the audience’s interest and they’ll stop listening.

Tips for an Effective Presentation

Professional public speakers spend hours creating and practicing presentations. These are the delivery techniques they consider:

Keep it simple

You shouldn’t overwhelm your audience with information – ensure that you’re clear, concise and that you get to the point so they can understand your message.

Have a maximum of  three main points  and state them at the beginning, before you explain them in more depth, and then state them at the end so the audience will at least remember these points.

If some of your content doesn’t contribute to your key message then cut it out. Also avoid using too many statistics and technical terminology.

Connect with your audience

One of the greatest difficulties when delivering a presentation is connecting with the audience. If you don’t  connect with them  it will seem as though you’re talking to an empty room.

Trying to make contact with the audience makes them feel like they’re part of the presentation which encourages them to listen and it shows that you want to speak to them.

Eye contact and smile

Avoiding eye contact is uncomfortable because it make you look insecure. When you  maintain eye contact  the audience feels like you’re speaking to them personally. If this is something you struggle with, try looking at people’s foreheads as it gives the impression of making eye contact.

Try to cover all sections of the audience and don’t move on to the next person too quickly as you will look nervous.

Smiling also helps with rapport and it reduces your nerves because you’ll feel less like you’re talking to group of faceless people. Make sure you don’t turn the lights down too much before your presentation so you can all clearly see each other.

Body language

Be aware of your body language and use it to connect:

• Keep your arms uncrossed so your  body language is more open .
• Match your facial expressions with what you’re saying.
• Avoid fidgeting and displaying nervous habits, such as, rocking on your feet.
• You may need to glance at the computer slide or a visual aid but make sure you predominantly face the audience.
• Emphasise points by using hand gestures but use them sparingly – too little and they’ll awkwardly sit at your side, too much and you’ll be distracting and look nervous.
• Vary your gestures so you don’t look robotic.
• Maintain a straight posture.
• Be aware of  cultural differences .

Move around

Avoid standing behind the lectern or computer because you need to reduce the distance and barriers between yourself and the audience.  Use movement  to increase the audience’s interest and make it easier to follow your presentation.

A common technique for incorporating movement into your presentation is to:

• Start your introduction by standing in the centre of the stage.
• For your first point you stand on the left side of the stage.
• You discuss your second point from the centre again.
• You stand on the right side of the stage for your third point.
• The conclusion occurs in the centre.

Watch 3 examples of good and bad movement while presenting

Example: Movement while presenting

Your movement at the front of the class and amongst the listeners can help with engagement. Think about which of these three speakers maintains the attention of their audience for longer, and what they are doing differently to each other.

Speak with the audience

You can conduct polls using your audience or ask questions to make them think and feel invested in your presentation. There are three different types of questions:

Direct questions require an answer: “What would you do in this situation?” These are mentally stimulating for the audience. You can pass a microphone around and let the audience come to your desired solution.

Rhetorical questions  do not require answers, they are often used to emphasises an idea or point: “Is the Pope catholic?

Loaded questions contain an unjustified assumption made to prompt the audience into providing a particular answer which you can then correct to support your point: You may ask “Why does your wonderful company have such a low incidence of mental health problems?” The audience will generally answer that they’re happy.

After receiving the answers you could then say “Actually it’s because people are still unwilling and too embarrassed to seek help for mental health issues at work etc.”

Be specific with your language

Make the audience feel as though you are speaking to each member individually by using “you” and “your.”

For example: asking “Do you want to lose weight without feeling hungry?” would be more effective than asking “Does anyone here want to lost weight without feeling hungry?” when delivering your presentation. You can also increase solidarity by using “we”, “us” etc – it makes the audience think “we’re in this together”.

Be flexible

Be prepared to adapt to the situation at the time, for example, if the audience seems bored you can omit details and go through the material faster, if they are confused then you will need to come up with more examples on the spot for clarification. This doesn’t mean that you weren’t prepared because you can’t predict everything.

Vocal variety

How you say something is just as is important as the content of your speech – arguably, more so.

For example, if an individual presented on a topic very enthusiastically the audience would probably enjoy this compared to someone who covered more points but mumbled into their notes.

• Adapt your voice  depending on what are you’re saying – if you want to highlight something then raise your voice or lower it for intensity. Communicate emotion by using your voice.
• Avoid speaking in monotone as you will look uninterested and the audience will lose interest.
• Take time to pronounce every word carefully.
• Raise your pitch when asking questions and lower it when you want to sound severe.
• Sound enthusiastic – the more you sound like you care about the topic, the more the audience will listen. Smiling and pace can help with this.
• Speak loudly and clearly – think about projecting your voice to the back of the room.
• Speak at a  pace that’s easy to follow . If you’re too fast or too slow it will be difficult for the audience to understand what you’re saying and it’s also frustrating. Subtly fasten the pace to show enthusiasm and slow down for emphasis, thoughtfulness or caution.

Prior to the presentation, ensure that you  prepare your vocal chords :

• You could read aloud a book that requires vocal variety, such as, a children’s book.
• Avoid dairy and eating or drinking anything too sugary beforehand as mucus can build-up leading to frequent throat clearing.
• Don’t drink anything too cold before you present as this can constrict your throat which affects vocal quality.
• Some people suggest a warm cup of tea beforehand to relax the throat.

Practice Presentation Skills

Improve your public speaking and presentation skills by practicing them in realistic environments, with automated feedback on performance. Learn More

Pause to breathe

When you’re anxious your breathing will become quick and shallow which will affect the control you have on your voice. This can consequently make you feel more nervous. You want to breathe steadily and deeply so before you start speaking take some deep breaths or implement controlled breathing.

Controlled breathing is a common technique that helps slow down your breathing to normal thus reducing your anxiety. If you think this may be useful practice with these steps:

• Sit down in an upright position as it easier for your lungs to fill with air
• Breathe in through your nose and into your abdomen for four seconds
• Hold this breathe for two seconds
• Breathe out through your nose for six seconds
• Wait a few seconds before inhaling and repeating the cycle

It takes practice to master this technique but once you get used to it you may want to implement it directly before your presentation.

Completely filling your lungs during a pause will ensure you reach a greater vocal range.

During the presentation delivery, if you notice that you’re speaking too quickly then pause and breathe. This won’t look strange – it will appear as though you’re giving thought to what you’re saying. You can also strategically plan some of your pauses, such as after questions and at the end of sections, because this will give you a chance to calm down and it will also give the audience an opportunity to think and reflect.

Pausing will also help you  avoid filler words , such as, “um” as well which can make you sound unsure.

• 10 Effective Ways to use Pauses in your Speech

Strong opening

The first five minutes are  vital to engage the audience  and get them listening to you. You could start with a story to highlight why your topic is significant.

For example, if the topic is on the benefits of pets on physical and psychological health, you could present a story or a study about an individual whose quality of life significantly improved after being given a dog. The audience is more likely to respond better to this and remember this story than a list of facts.

Example: Which presentation intro keeps you engaged?

Watch 5 different presentation introductions, from both virtual and in-person events. Notice how it can only take a few seconds to decide if you want to keep listening or switch off. For the good introductions, what about them keeps you engaged?

More experienced and confident public speakers use humour in their presentations. The audience will be incredibly engaged if you make them laugh but caution must be exercised when using humour because a joke can be misinterpreted and even offend the audience.

Only use jokes if you’re confident with this technique, it has been successful in the past and it’s suitable for the situation.

Stories and anecdotes

Use stories whenever you can and judge whether you can tell a story about yourself because the audience are even more interested in seeing the human side of you.

Consider telling a story about a mistake you made, for example, perhaps you froze up during an important presentation when you were 25, or maybe life wasn’t going well for you in the past – if relevant to your presentation’s aim. People will relate to this as we have all experienced mistakes and failures. The more the audience relates to you, the more likely they will remain engaged.

These stories can also be  told in a humorous way  if it makes you feel more comfortable and because you’re disclosing a personal story there is less chance of misinterpretation compared to telling a joke.

Anecdotes are especially valuable for your introduction and between different sections of the presentation because they engage the audience. Ensure that you plan the stories thoroughly beforehand and that they are not too long.

Focus on the audience’s needs

Even though your aim is to persuade the audience, they must also get something helpful from the presentation. Provide the audience with value by giving them useful information, tactics, tips etc. They’re more likely to warm to you and trust you if you’re sharing valuable information with them.

You could also highlight their pain point. For example, you might ask “Have you found it difficult to stick to a healthy diet?” The audience will now want to remain engaged because they want to know the solution and the opportunities that you’re offering.

Use visual aids

Visual aids are items of a visual manner, such as graphs, photographs, video clips etc used in addition to spoken information. Visual aids are chosen depending on their purpose, for example, you may want to:

• Summarise information.
• Reduce the amount of spoken words, for example, you may show a graph of your results rather than reading them out.
• Clarify and show examples.
• Create more of an impact. You must consider what type of impact you want to make beforehand – do you want the audience to be sad, happy, angry etc?
• Emphasise what you’re saying.
• Make a point memorable.
• Enhance your credibility.
• Engage the audience and maintain their interest.
• Make something easier for the audience to understand.

Some general tips for  using visual aids :

• Think about how can a visual aid can support your message. What do you want the audience to do?
• Ensure that your visual aid follows what you’re saying or this will confuse the audience.
• Avoid cluttering the image as it may look messy and unclear.
• Visual aids must be clear, concise and of a high quality.
• Keep the style consistent, such as, the same font, colours, positions etc
• Use graphs and charts to present data.
• The audience should not be trying to read and listen at the same time – use visual aids to highlight your points.
• One message per visual aid, for example, on a slide there should only be one key point.
• Use visual aids in moderation – they are additions meant to emphasise and support main points.
• Ensure that your presentation still works without your visual aids in case of technical problems.

10-20-30 slideshow rule

Slideshows are widely used for presentations because it’s easy to create attractive and professional presentations using them. Guy Kawasaki, an entrepreneur and author, suggests that slideshows should  follow a 10-20-30 rule :

• There should be a maximum of 10 slides – people rarely remember more than one concept afterwards so there’s no point overwhelming them with unnecessary information.
• The presentation should last no longer than 20 minutes as this will leave time for questions and discussion.
• The font size should be a minimum of 30pt because the audience reads faster than you talk so less information on the slides means that there is less chance of the audience being distracted.

If you want to give the audience more information you can provide them with partially completed handouts or give them the handouts after you’ve delivered the presentation.

Keep a drink nearby

Have something to drink when you’re on stage, preferably water at room temperature. This will help maintain your vocal quality and having a sip is a subtle way of introducing pauses.

Practice, practice, practice

If you are very familiar with the content of your presentation, your audience will perceive you as confident and you’ll be more persuasive.

• Don’t just read the presentation through – practice everything,  including your transitions  and using your visual aids.
• Stand up and speak it aloud, in an engaging manner, as though you were presenting to an audience.
• Ensure that you practice your body language and gesturing.
• Use VR to  practice in a realistic environment .
• Practice in front of others and get their feedback.
• Freely improvise so you’ll sound more natural on the day. Don’t learn your presentation verbatim because you will sound uninterested and if you lose focus then you may forget everything.
• Create cards to use as cues – one card should be used for one key idea. Write down brief notes or key words and ensure that the cards are physically connected so the order cannot be lost. Visual prompts can also be used as cues.

This video shows how you can practice presentations in virtual reality. See our  VR training courses .

Two courses where you can practice your presentations in interactive exercises:

• Essential Public Speaking
• How to Present over Video

Try these different presentation delivery methods to see which ones you prefer and which need to be improved. The most important factor is to feel comfortable during the presentation as the delivery is likely to be better.

Remember that the audience are generally on your side – they want you to do well so present with confidence.

120 Presentation Topic Ideas Help You Hook Your Audience

Updated: July 23, 2024

Published: August 09, 2023

Cooking is easy. The puzzle is figuring out what to eat. As soon as you know that, you can get started. The same holds for presentations. The sooner you can whip up a good, informative, and catchy topic, the easier the rest of the process becomes.

Pick a good topic that resonates with you and your audience to set a strong foundation. But select the wrong topic, and it becomes difficult to connect with your audience, find mutual interests, or hold their attention.

So, let’s learn how to develop thought-provoking and relevant topics for your presentations. You’ll also find some best practices to make your presentation memorable.

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How to Choose a Great Presentation Topic in 5 Steps

120 presentation topic ideas, 5 presentation tips.

4. Choose an appropriate presentation style.

There are many ways to present a topic. Your personality, the topic at hand, and your audience’s personas will help you determine which style would best fit you and your audience.

Select a presentation style that will communicate the main idea clearly and have a lasting impact on your audience.

For instance, explore a freeform style presenter by Sir Ken Robinson.

5. Engage with your audience.

Work on your presentation skills to make a strong connection with your audience, get through to them and leave a mark.

Think of the presenter as the link between the topic and the audience. A strong or a weak presenter can make a difference between a presentation being a thriving success or a boring failure.

Hone your skills by engaging and interacting with your audience. Make them feel like a part of the presentation and not just spectators. 70% of marketers have found presentations with interactive content to be more effective than those without.

Here are a few ways you can make your presentation interactive:

• Start your speech with uncommon questions to your audience. Involve them from the get-go, like ask to raise their hands if X.
• Make eye contact to build credibility and show confidence. Don’t stare at your slides or notes. Smile occasionally and talk to the audience directly.
• Have an active and confident body language. Don’t stand in the same place the entire time. Move around the stage.
• Don’t be monotonous. Speak as you would to a colleague — with enthusiasm.
• Ask close-ended questions in between to keep the audience engaged without losing time. Address them using their names to keep things interesting.
• Share personal experiences and stories that your audience will find fascinating and relatable.
• Practice thoroughly before you present so you’re fluent with the material and delivery.
• Energy and excitement can be quite contagious. Make sure you exude enough to spread some to your audience.

Feeling Inspired Yet?

Now you have all the right ingredients for choosing amazing topics and a hundred ideas to drive inspiration from. So, go ahead and start cooking presentations that will blow your audience away.

Don’t forget to choose a super-relevant topic and add meaty information. Do it with excitement to make it enjoyable for you and your audience. Best of luck!

Don't forget to share this post!

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Center for Teaching

Making better powerpoint presentations.

Print Version

Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory.

Research about student preferences for powerpoint, resources for making better powerpoint presentations, bibliography.

We have all experienced the pain of a bad PowerPoint presentation. And even though we promise ourselves never to make the same mistakes, we can still fall prey to common design pitfalls.  The good news is that your PowerPoint presentation doesn’t have to be ordinary. By keeping in mind a few guidelines, your classroom presentations can stand above the crowd!

“It is easy to dismiss design – to relegate it to mere ornament, the prettifying of places and objects to disguise their banality. But that is a serious misunderstanding of what design is and why it matters.” Daniel Pink

One framework that can be useful when making design decisions about your PowerPoint slide design is Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory .

As illustrated in the diagram above, the Central Executive coordinates the work of three systems by organizing the information we hear, see, and store into working memory.

The Phonological Loop deals with any auditory information. Students in a classroom are potentially listening to a variety of things: the instructor, questions from their peers, sound effects or audio from the PowerPoint presentation, and their own “inner voice.”

The Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad deals with information we see. This involves such aspects as form, color, size, space between objects, and their movement. For students this would include: the size and color of fonts, the relationship between images and text on the screen, the motion path of text animation and slide transitions, as well as any hand gestures, facial expressions, or classroom demonstrations made by the instructor.

The Episodic Buffer integrates the information across these sensory domains and communicates with long-term memory. All of these elements are being deposited into a holding tank called the “episodic buffer.” This buffer has a limited capacity and can become “overloaded” thereby, setting limits on how much information students can take in at once.

Laura Edelman and Kathleen Harring from Muhlenberg College , Allentown, Pennsylvania have developed an approach to PowerPoint design using Baddeley and Hitch’s model. During the course of their work, they conducted a survey of students at the college asking what they liked and didn’t like about their professor’s PowerPoint presentations. They discovered the following:

Characteristics students don’t like about professors’ PowerPoint slides

• Too many words on a slide
• Movement (slide transitions or word animations)
• Templates with too many colors

Characteristics students like like about professors’ PowerPoint slides

• Graphs increase understanding of content
• Bulleted lists help them organize ideas
• PowerPoint can help to structure lectures
• Verbal explanations of pictures/graphs help more than written clarifications

According to Edelman and Harring, some conclusions from the research at Muhlenberg are that students learn more when:

• material is presented in short phrases rather than full paragraphs.
• the professor talks about the information on the slide rather than having students read it on their own.
• relevant pictures are used. Irrelevant pictures decrease learning compared to PowerPoint slides with no picture
• they take notes (if the professor is not talking). But if the professor is lecturing, note-taking and listening decreased learning.
• they are given the PowerPoint slides before the class.

Advice from Edelman and Harring on leveraging the working memory with PowerPoint:

• Leverage the working memory by dividing the information between the visual and auditory modality.  Doing this reduces the likelihood of one system becoming overloaded. For instance, spoken words with pictures are better than pictures with text, as integrating an image and narration takes less cognitive effort than integrating an image and text.
• Minimize the opportunity for distraction by removing any irrelevant material such as music, sound effects, animations, and background images.
• Use simple cues to direct learners to important points or content. Using text size, bolding, italics, or placing content in a highlighted or shaded text box is all that is required to convey the significance of key ideas in your presentation.
• Don’t put every word you intend to speak on your PowerPoint slide. Instead, keep information displayed in short chunks that are easily read and comprehended.
• One of the mostly widely accessed websites about PowerPoint design is Garr Reynolds’ blog, Presentation Zen . In his blog entry:  “ What is Good PowerPoint Design? ” Reynolds explains how to keep the slide design simple, yet not simplistic, and includes a few slide examples that he has ‘made-over’ to demonstrate how to improve its readability and effectiveness. He also includes sample slides from his own presentation about PowerPoint slide design.
• Another presentation guru, David Paradi, author of “ The Visual Slide Revolution: Transforming Overloaded Text Slides into Persuasive Presentations ” maintains a video podcast series called “ Think Outside the Slide ” where he also demonstrates PowerPoint slide makeovers. Examples on this site are typically from the corporate perspective, but the process by which content decisions are made is still relevant for higher education. Paradi has also developed a five step method, called KWICK , that can be used as a simple guide when designing PowerPoint presentations.
• In the video clip below, Comedian Don McMillan talks about some of the common misuses of PowerPoint in his routine called “Life After Death by PowerPoint.”

• This article from The Chronicle of Higher Education highlights a blog moderated by Microsoft’s Doug Thomas that compiles practical PowerPoint advice gathered from presentation masters like Seth Godin , Guy Kawasaki , and Garr Reynolds .

Presenting to Win: The Art of Telling Your Story , by Jerry Weissman, Prentice Hall, 2006

Presentation Zen: Simple Ideas on Presentation Design and Delivery , by Garr Reynolds, New Riders Press, 2008

Solving the PowerPoint Predicament: using digital media for effective communication , by Tom Bunzel , Que, 2006

The Cognitive Style of Power Point , by Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Pr, 2003

The Visual Slide Revolution: Transforming Overloaded Text Slides into Persuasive Presentations , by Dave Paradi, Communications Skills Press, 2000

Why Most PowerPoint Presentations Suck: And How You Can Make Them Better , by Rick Altman, Harvest Books, 2007

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• Inspiration

23 presentation examples that really work (plus templates!)

• 30 Mar 2023

To help you in your quest for presentation greatness, we’ve gathered 23 of the best business presentation examples out there. These hand-picked ideas range from business PowerPoint presentations, to recruitment presentations, and everything in between.

As a bonus, several of our examples include editable video presentation templates from  Biteable .

Biteable allows anyone to create great video presentations — no previous video-making skills required. The easy-to-use platform has hundreds of brandable templates and video scenes designed with a business audience in mind. A video made with Biteable is just what you need to add that wow factor and make an impact on your audience.

Create videos that drive action

Activate your audience with impactful, on-brand videos. Create them simply and collaboratively with Biteable.

Video presentation examples

Video presentations are our specialty at Biteable. We love them because they’re the most visually appealing and memorable way to communicate.

1. Animated characters

Our first presentation example is a business explainer video from Biteable that uses animated characters. The friendly and modern style makes this the perfect presentation for engaging your audience.

Bonus template:  Need a business video presentation that reflects the beautiful diversity of your customers or team? Use  Biteable’s workplace scenes . You can change the skin tone and hair color for any of the animated characters.

2. Conference video

Videos are also ideal solutions for events (e.g. trade shows) where they can be looped to play constantly while you attend to more important things like talking to people and handing out free cheese samples.

For this event presentation sample below, we used bright colours, stock footage, and messaging that reflects the brand and values of the company. All these elements work together to draw the attention of passers-by.

For a huge selection of video presentation templates, take a look at our  template gallery .

Business PowerPoint presentation examples

Striking fear into the hearts of the workplace since 1987, PowerPoint is synonymous with bland, boring presentations that feel more like an endurance test than a learning opportunity. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Check out these anything-but-boring business PowerPoint presentation examples.

3. Design pointers

This PowerPoint presentation takes a tongue-in-cheek look at how the speakers and users of PowerPoint are the problem, not the software itself.

Even at a hefty 61 slides, the vintage theme, appealing colors, and engaging content keep the viewer interested. It delivers useful and actionable tips on creating a better experience for your audience.

Pixar, as you’d expect, redefines the meaning of PowerPoint in their “22 Rules for Phenomenal Storytelling”. The character silhouettes are instantly recognizable and tie firmly to the Pixar brand. The bright colour palettes are carefully chosen to highlight the content of each slide.

This presentation is a good length, delivering one message per slide, making it easy for an audience to take notes and retain the information.

Google slides examples

If you’re in business, chances are you’ll have come across  slide decks . Much like a deck of cards, each slide plays a key part in the overall ‘deck’, creating a well-rounded presentation.

If you need to inform your team, present findings, or outline a new strategy, slides are one of the most effective ways to do this.

Google Slides is one of the best ways to create a slide deck right now. It’s easy to use and has built-in design tools that integrate with Adobe, Lucidchart, and more. The best part — it’s free!

5. Teacher education

Here’s a slide deck that was created to educate teachers on how to use Google Slides effectively in a classroom. At first glance it seems stuffy and businessy, but if you look closer it’s apparent the creator knows his audience well, throwing in some teacher-friendly content that’s bound to get a smile.

The slides give walkthrough screenshots and practical advice on the different ways teachers can use the software to make their lives that little bit easier and educate their students at the same time.

6. Charity awareness raiser

This next Google slide deck is designed to raise awareness for an animal shelter. It has simple, clear messaging, and makes use of the furry friends it rescues to tug on heartstrings and encourage donations and adoptions from its audience.

Pro tip: Creating a presentation is exciting but also a little daunting. It’s easy to feel overwhelmed — especially if the success of your business or nonprofit depends on it.

Prezi presentation examples

If you haven’t come across  Prezi , it’s a great alternative to using static slides. Sitting somewhere between slides and a video presentation, it allows you to import other content and add motion to create a more engaging viewer experience.

7. Red Bull event recap

This Prezi was created to document the Red Bull stratosphere freefall stunt a few years ago. It neatly captures all the things that Prezi is capable of, including video inserts and the zoom effect, which gives an animated, almost 3D effect to what would otherwise be still images.  

Prezi has annual awards for the best examples of presentations over the year. This next example is one of the 2018 winners. It was made to highlight a new Logitech tool.

8. Logitech Spotlight launch

What stands out here are the juicy colors, bold imagery, and the way the designer has used Prezi to its full extent, including rotations, panning, fades, and a full zoom out to finish the presentation.

Sales presentation examples

If you’re stuck for ideas for your sales presentation, step right this way and check out this video template we made for you.

9. Sales enablement video presentation

In today’s fast-paced sales environment, you need a way to make your sales enablement presentations memorable and engaging for busy reps.  Sales enablement videos  are just the ticket. Use this video presentation template the next time you need to present on your metrics.

10. Zuroa sales deck

If you’re after a sales deck, you can’t go past this example from Zuora. What makes it great? It begins by introducing the worldwide shift in the way consumers are shopping. It’s a global phenomenon, and something we can all relate to.

It then weaves a compelling story about how the subscription model is changing the face of daily life for everyone. Metrics and testimonials from well-known CEOs and executives are included for some slamming social proof to boost the sales message.

Pitch presentation examples

Pitch decks are used to give an overview of business plans, and are usually presented during meetings with customers, investors, or potential partners.

11. Uber pitch deck

This is Uber’s original pitch deck, which (apart from looking a teensy bit dated) gives an excellent overview of their business model and clearly shows how they intended to disrupt a traditional industry and provide a better service to people. Right now, you’re probably very grateful that this pitch presentation was a winner.

You can make your own pitch deck with Biteable, or start with one of our  video templates  to make something a little more memorable.

12. Video pitch template

This video pitch presentation clearly speaks to the pains of everyone who needs to commute and find parking. It then provides the solution with its app that makes parking a breeze.

The video also introduces the key team members, their business strategy, and what they’re hoping to raise in funding. It’s a simple, clear pitch that positions the company as a key solution to a growing, worldwide problem. It’s compelling and convincing, as a good presentation should be.

13. Fyre Festival pitch deck

The most epic example of a recent pitch deck is this one for Fyre Festival – the greatest event that never happened. Marvel at its persuasion, gasp at the opportunity of being part of the cultural experience of the decade, cringe as everything goes from bad to worse.

Despite the very public outcome, this is a masterclass in how to create hype and get funding with your pitch deck using beautiful imagery, beautiful people, and beautiful promises of riches and fame.

Business presentation examples

Need to get the right message out to the right people? Business presentations can do a lot of the heavy lifting for you.

Simply press play and let your video do the talking. No fumbling your words and sweating buckets in front of those potential clients, just you being cool as a cucumber while your presentation does the talking.

Check out two of our popular templates that you can use as a starting point for your own presentations. While they’re business-minded, they’re definitely not boring.

14. Business intro template

Modern graphics, animations, and upbeat soundtracks keep your prospects engaged as they learn about your business, your team, your values, and how you can help them.

15. Business explainer template

Research presentation examples.

When you’re giving a more technical presentation such as research findings, you need to strike the perfect balance between informing your audience and making sure they stay awake.

As a rule, slides are more effective for research presentations, as they are used to support the speaker’s knowledge rather can capture every small detail on screen.

With often dry, complex, and technical subject matter, there can be a temptation for presentations to follow suit. Use images instead of walls of text, and keep things as easy to follow as possible.

16. TrackMaven research deck

TrackMaven uses their endearing mascot to lighten up this data-heavy slide deck. The graphs help to bring life to their findings, and they ensure to only have one bite-size takeaway per slide so that viewers can easily take notes.

17. Wearable tech research report

Obviously, research can get very researchy and there’s not a lot to be done about it. This slide deck below lays out a ton of in-depth information but breaks it up well with quotes, diagrams, and interesting facts to keep viewers engaged while it delivers its findings on wearable technology.

Team presentation examples

Motivating your team can be a challenge at the best of times, especially when you need to gather them together for….another presentation!

18. Team update template

We created this presentation template as an example of how to engage your team. In this case, it’s for an internal product launch. Using colorful animation and engaging pacing, this video presentation is much better than a static PowerPoint, right?

19. Officevibe collaboration explainer

This short slide deck is a presentation designed to increase awareness of the problems of a disengaged team. Bright colors and relevant images combine with facts and figures that compel viewers to click through to a download to learn more about helping their teams succeed.

Recruitment presentation examples

Recruiting the right people can be a challenge. Presentations can help display your team and your business by painting a dynamic picture of what it’s like to work with you.

Videos and animated slides let you capture the essence of your brand and workplace so the right employees can find you.

20. Company culture explainer

If you’re a recruitment agency, your challenge is to stand out from the hundreds of other agencies in the marketplace.

21. Kaizen culture

Showcasing your agency using a slide deck can give employers and employees a feel for doing business with you. Kaizen clearly displays its credentials and highlights its brand values and personality here (and also its appreciation of the coffee bean).

Explainer presentation examples

Got some explaining to do? Using an explainer video is the ideal way to showcase products that are technical, digital, or otherwise too difficult to explain with still images and text.

Explainer videos help you present the features and values of your product in an engaging way that speaks to your ideal audience and promotes your brand at the same time.

22. Product explainer template

23. lucidchart explainer.

Lucidchart does a stellar job of using explainer videos for their software. Their series of explainers-within-explainers entertains the viewer with cute imagery and an endearing brand voice. At the same time, the video is educating its audience on how to use the actual product. We (almost) guarantee you’ll have more love for spiders after watching this one.

Make a winning video presentation with Biteable

Creating a winning presentation doesn’t need to be difficult or expensive. Modern slide decks and video software make it easy for you to give compelling presentations that sell, explain, and educate without sending your audience to snooze town.

For the best online video presentation software around, check out Biteable. The intuitive platform does all the heavy lifting for you, so making a video presentation is as easy as making a PowerPoint.

Use Biteable’s brand builder to automatically fetch your company colors and logo from your website and apply them to your entire video with the click of a button. Even add a  clickable call-to-action  button to your video.

Share your business presentation anywhere with a single, trackable URL and watch your message turn into gold.

Make stunning videos with ease.

Take the struggle out of team communication.

Try Biteable now.

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25 Great Presentation Examples Your Audience Will Love

Written by: Chloe West

If you're starting a presentation from scratch, you know that being met with a blank, empty slide can feel a bit intimidating, especially if you're meeting a deadline, overwhelmed with ideas, or not very design-savvy.

This begs the question: How and where do you even start?

One of the easiest places to start is with an idea of the look and feel you want your presentation design to have, along with a complementary layout. Once you have that, all you need to do is fill out the design with your copy and images, and voila, you're done.

To help guide you in this choice, we've put together 25 awesome presentation examples, ranging from business presentations to product presentations and a wide range of use cases in between. Plus, we'll also share ready-to-use templates to move your presentation from blank to almost done!

If you’re short on time, use Visme AI Designer to help you save time and boost your creativity. With just a simple text prompt to our AI Designer Chatbot, choose a style, and voila, your unique design is ready in under two minutes!

Presentation Example #1: Colorful Slides

Draw your audience and keep them engaged with bright, colorful slides in your presentation. This portfolio presentation showcases a designer’s collaboration with Nike. And it’s a great example of how fun and playfulness can not only look good but also draw the reader's attention to key areas you’d like them to focus on.

As great as adding colors can be, there is a right and wrong way of creating colorful presentations tastefully. In fact, it’s suggested that presentations be designed with 2-3 color schemes that are consistent and complimentary from start to finish. 

This is an example of a presentation with well-balanced colors. Tones of blue as the main color, with complementary colors of white and soft neon yellows, are all used in and around the illustrations present.

Image Source

Presentation Example #2: Embedded Video

If you aren’t physically present to give your presentation, you can still put on a show by creating a video presentation.

Adding embedding or using videos in your presentation breaks the monotony of scrolling through a sequence of static slides.

It stops the reader in their tracks to share a demonstration, product details, or essential facts that might be easily summarized in a few lines or are better visualized.

But embedding a single video within your presentation isn’t the only option; you can get creative and use videos as background images instead of regular static images.

Check out this explainer video presentation example. It’s short yet effective and filled with vivid videos, text, and animation.

Visme allows you to easily upload your own videos or import them from YouTube, Vimeo, and other platforms

Or tap into our extensive library of royalty-free stock videos and assets so you’re sure to find the perfect videos for your presentation.

For more check this quick guide on How to Embed a YouTube Video in Powerpoint & More .

Presentation Example #3: Interactivity

Not all presentations or slideshows will be or need to be presented.

If your presentation is sent to a client or stakeholder to review on their own, or is used for a self-paced training session, interactive presentations can enhance the experience.

By adding  interactivity to your presentation, you give reader autonomy and ensure that they don’t get bored reading on their own but can find and maintain their pace until the end.

Visme allows you to easily incorporate interactivity with coding. You can add a clickable table of contents, hotspots,  add links to  objects and more.

Consider this informative presentation example: Her last slide includes an RSVP button for people to learn more about the service she teased within her presentation.

This is the perfect lead generation and call-to-action for increasing your customer or membership base.

When you design your presentation with Visme, you can link text and other elements to your website. You can even create and embed a lead generating form in your presentation.

Presentation Example #4: Metaphors

If you can appeal to your audience with a metaphor from pop culture or another well-known reference, you’re sure to keep their attention.

That’s why we love this presentation example that uses superhero comparisons to talk about storytelling.

This storyline is catchy, and it gets the audience intrigued as to what comparison they’re going to make next. Plus, who doesn’t want to be compared to a superhero?

During your next presentation, see if there are any popular references that you can make easy comparisons to in your topic. But don’t try too hard to fit a comparison in, or your audience will be confused.

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Presentation Example #5: Animation

Who doesn’t love a good animated presentation? 

Animation is not only fun but memorable. Some of the best animated presentation software out there offers dozens of features to amp up your presentation design. 

However, like all things, too much of a good thing can be bad.  Just because animation is great doesn’t mean you need to add it to all your slides. Sometimes, simply adding a slight animation makes for the perfect slide.

And that’s exactly where this presentation example comes in.

While it’s not much, having each expert’s quote pop up after the rest of the information is already on the slide gives the presentation a slightly more fun air than if the entire slide content was static.

Visme has a wide range of animation features that require no coding or design skills. You can add slide transitions, animate objects or images or animated characters to highlight sections of your page

Presentation Example #6: Device Mockups

If you're a UX designer or planning to launch a new product, website, or software that's best displayed on a phone or computer, include a mock-up and screenshot in your presentation.

After all, a standalone screen grab with no formatting is a recipe for boring content, whereas a mockup of a laptop gives the reader a realistic point of view and visual experience.

This good presentation example represents exactly how well a mockup can make your content and overall presentation look professional.

When it comes to mock-ups, Visme has got you covered. Readily access professionally designed mockup presentation templates already inside or you can use the mockup generator to instantly design your own. It goes beyond device mockups and allows you to create branding, product, social media and print mockups.

Presentation Example #7: Visual Hierarchy

When we say visual hierarchy , we mean that the elements need to be organized in order of importance.

In this specific example we’re focused more on the presentation text rather than design.

Pay attention to how the header text and body content differ.

The headers on each of the above slides is in a large, all caps font while the body copy is much smaller and in sentence case. This creates a visual hierarchy that makes it obvious which font is the header, and therefore the most important part of the slide content.

Presentation Example #8: Icons

A common mistake most people make when designing their presentations is solely using words. By only using text in your presentation, you’re bound to lose your readers' or viewers' interest.

But maybe you don’t want to add all the bells and whistles that come with an elaborate design. That’s fine, but a simple alternative is to use icons.

Beautiful icons give your presentation a professional look and feel, help to illustrate your point and guide the viewers’ eyes to key points.

This is an example of a good presentation that uses icons to emphasize each of the slide points.

Access thousands of high-quality icons, shapes and graphics!

• Vector icons to spice up any Visme design or document
• Free to use , and great for print or web.
• Customize colors to fit your design needs.

Not only is this much more creative than boring bulleted slides on PowerPoint, it’s an incredibly easy thing to do on a presentation maker like Visme. Simply search for an icon relevant to your point and search through hundreds of options.

Presentation Example #9: Monochromatic Slides

A monochromatic color scheme consists of tints and shades of a single color and can be extremely visually appealing when done well.

This presentation example includes multiple bright colors in the overall presentation, but they’ve utilized one at a time to create monochromatic slides.

In other types of design, like an infographic or social media graphic, you’d stick to a single monochromatic color scheme.

But this example does a great job of utilizing monochromatic harmonies in a presentation while still keeping it engaging by focusing on more than one color the entire time.

Presentation Example #10: Use Images as a Background

The use of images as backgrounds within your presentation can elevate your presentation’s design.

With high-quality images, you can complement your storytelling and actively take your audience on a visual journey that keeps their eyes focused on important details that would have otherwise been missed by simply using text alone in your presentation.

This Nike pitch deck is an effective presentation example of how visuals can evoke emotion, keep the reader engaged and properly portray the message of your overall presentation.

Looking for the perfect image for your presentations can be frustrating. Instead of picking an image out of desperation, you can create one from your inspiration with Visme's AI Image Generator .

Enter a detailed prompt, choose from a range of styles, and in a matter of seconds, you will have a royalty-free AI-generated image ready to be added to your presentation.

And if you already have your stock of images you'd like to upload but they need a bit of editing, use the AI Touch Up Tools to resize, reshape, unblur, remove backgrounds and more, until you're completely satisfied with the results.

Presentation Example #11: Consistency

When putting together a presentation, you want it to be obvious that your slides are cohesive and meant to go together in the slideshow. This means you should be utilizing the same color scheme, fonts and overall theme throughout your presentation.

This presentation created with Visme is a great example of consistency throughout the slides.

Each of these slides follows the same design even though the content on each one differs.

Use the Brand Wizard to help maintain your presentation's visual and brand consistency. This AI-powered tool will help to create a brand kit you can easily access while you're designing.

Insert your URL in the Brand Wizard and watch it grab your assets (company logo, fonts, and colors) and add them to your brand kit. It'll also suggest templates within the Visme library that automatically match your brand.

Presentation Example #12: Fancy Fonts

If you’re a luxury or creative brand that wants to translate your style or showcase your work and add some personality to your text in your presentations, then you should incorporate fancy fonts.

When you’re using fancy fonts, they should be used sparingly, especially in a large font capacity, like a header. You don’t want to place too much text in a fancy font or it gets to be too hard to read, giving both you—as the presenter—and your audience a headache.

Here’s a perfect and practical example of how to incorporate fancy fonts into your presentation:

Using this fancy script font in their presentation gives their slides a more playful air and allows them to further connect with their audience.

Presentation Example #13: Flat Design

Another creative presentation idea you can use would be adding flat designs.

These are usually two-dimensional graphics with bright colors and a minimalist look and feel. Since they're so versatile, flat designs can be used across different industries.

Take a look at this LinkedIn presentation example. The visuals on each slide are characters illustrated in flat design. Utilizing this style can be a great way to create beautiful slides that your audience can’t get enough of.

Be sure that your illustrations are relevant to your slide content so they don’t seem out of place. Just because something looks pretty doesn’t necessarily mean it makes sense in your presentation.

Presentation Example #14: Slide Progress

Most people tend to forget about the table of contents when you’re presenting. Letting your audience know how far along your presentation they are can be a great way to keep them engaged and following along.

This can be especially useful when you’re doing a training session or a lengthy webinar presentation.

Look at this presentation example, which includes a slide progression countdown to let the audience know how many points are left to be covered.

Presentation Example #15: Data Visualization

When you’re sharing complex or detailed data in your presentations, it’s always best to use data visualization .

By adding charts, graphs and other data widgets, you make your data more digestible for your audience and effortlessly highlight key points without losing their interest.

This presentation example does a great job of using data visualization to present stats and information in a fun and approachable way.

Visme has over 40 customizable charts,  graphs, maps and data widgets for you to choose from. You can also import data manually from a spreadsheet, Google Sheets, or apps like Google Analytics into your charts.

Maybe you’d like to start using data visualization, but you’re not sure which one might be the best for your data. We have a detailed guide on 33 Data Visualization Types and how to choose the one that works best for you and your industry.

Presentation Example #16: Minimalistic Slides

You don’t have to stuff tons of information into each one of your presentation slides.

Sometimes less is more.

You can place only the most important words and visuals on a slide and let your voice do the rest. Or you can just add more slides for each of your points.

This presentation example uses minimalistic slides that only focus on a single point at a time.

You don’t have to have a ton of design elements on a slide for it to be visually appealing. This presentation includes just the basics and it still looks well designed and teaches something to its audience.

Presentation Example #17: Graphics

Another great way to create a minimalistic and visually appealing presentation is by placing equal emphasis on text and graphics.

We love the way this next presentation example utilized graphics in each one of their slides.

This presentation covers 25 need-to-know marketing stats, and while the data isn’t placed into charts and graphs, they’ve still come up with a way to add visuals.

This is a great way to incorporate graphics into their slides.

They’ve put a large emphasis on the text, especially since that’s the only white on the slide with the rest monochromatic, but they’re still adding visuals to further emphasize the content.

Presentation Example #18: Lowercase Text

Not every heading has to be in title format and not every sentence has to be in sentence case.

In fact, this presentation provides a great example of how visual hierarchy can still be achieved while utilizing all lowercase letters.

Use larger fonts for headers and smaller fonts for your body, and you can also take advantage of this unique typography design in your presentation.

Just remember that visual hierarchy is still important. The lowercase text works in this presentation because they’ve made it so obvious which text needs to be read first.

Presentation Example #19: Transition

Your transition matters. Notice how I didn’t pluralize the word “transition.” This is because you should only be using a single kind of transition per presentation.

You don’t want to overwhelm your audience or make your presentation look overly busy. Take note of how seamless this presentation example’s slide transition is.

Customize this presentation template and make it your own!

• Add your own text, images, colors and more
• Add interactive buttons and animations
• Customize anything to fit your design and content needs

Not only does the slide transition in the same direction each time, but all of the design elements also glide in the same direction creating a beautiful and visually appealing transition.

Presentation Example #20: Focus on Text

While everyone loves adding stylish graphics, photos or icons, only some presentations need to be built that way. Some presentations can mainly focus on the text while only having a few or no slides with graphics or images.

This presentation example uses only text on each slide. However, it uses two contrasting colors to highlight the speaker's main points and guide the viewer's eyes.  This makes it creative without having to add a ton of visuals.

This presentation uses different colors and different sizes to emphasize the more important pieces of text, making it creative without having to add a ton of visuals.

Presentation Example #21: Focus on Graphics

On the opposite end of the spectrum, you can also have a presentation that puts a huge focus on visuals.

While this presentation still includes text to help tell the full story, no one in the audience is going to be looking at the text. Check out the graphics in this presentation example.

These illustrations are visually immersive and draw the audience in. Creating a focus on graphics in your presentation gives your viewers something fun to look at while you speak about the content.

Presentation Example #22: Photography

Another great way to include visuals in your presentation is using photography.

There are many different ways to include images in your presentation , but this Adidas presentation example does a great job of using them as background images.

Each slide has a photo in the background and a color overlay on top so the text can still be seen easily.

Figure out how you could include photos in your next presentation.

You can hire a photographer to do a curated photo session for your brand, or you can check out the millions of stock photos available in Visme’s photo library.

Presentation Example #23: Section Headers

Each time you move onto another main point in your presentation, it’s a good idea to break it up with a new section header.

We love how this presentation example utilized section headers to make them jump out at the audience. There’s no doubt that we’re moving onto another main point in this slideshow.

Blow your text up like this next time you’re making a transition to the next section of your presentation. It’ll be sure to grab your audience’s attention.

Presentation Example #24: Pop of Color

Another design style that you might love is having a pop of color that really stands out from the rest of the design. It’s a great way to emphasize certain parts of your slides and create a focal point for your audience.

This sales budget presentation template works because it uses a black-and-white color scheme and a pop of bright color to attract the viewer's eyes to the most important parts of each slide.

Your eyes are immediately drawn to the words in blue, and it’s used strategically because of that. Try this out in your next presentation to highlight the most important words or parts of your slide.

Presentation Example #25: Strong Start

Want to keep your audience awake and engaged for your presentation? Start off with a killer first slide.

Take this presentation’s introduction slide for example. It's a great way of making people sit up a little straighter and causing ears to perk up.

Asking a powerful question or making a strong—maybe even controversial—opening statement is a great way to create a strong start to your presentation and really draw your audience in.

Startling your audience can actually be a good way to pique their curiosity and keep them engaged.

Not sure what your bold question or statement should be?

Use the AI Writer to help brainstorm some fun suggestions. Enter a prompt explaining what you want to create. The AI writer can also edit, proofread, and summarize sections of your presentation. So, you polish your work before the big presentation.

Get Inspired With These Presentation Examples

Now that you’ve surfed through these great presentation examples, hopefully, you’ve got some inspiration to create your next slideshow.

Choose one of these examples and make it your own with Visme's presentation software . Its intuitive design makes creating professional presentations easy for anyone with little to no design experience.

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What is PowerPoint Presentation with Features & Examples?

PowerPoint is a presentation software developed by Microsoft, which allows users to create, edit, and deliver visually engaging slideshows, whether you're a student, professional, or simply curious, explore the power of Microsoft PowerPoint and learn how you can create impactful presentations effortlessly.

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According to Glassdoor , a PowerPoint designer's average salary in the UK is about £37,811 annually. Who knew there was big money in presentations alone? In this blog, you will learn What PowerPoint is, its key features, its benefits, and how to use it, as well as learn some tips for creating effective presentations. 

Table of contents      

1) What is PowerPoint?   

2) Understanding the PowerPoint interface   

3) Key features of PowerPoint  

4) How to use PowerPoint to create a presentation?  

5) Benefits of PowerPoint   

6) Tips for creating effective PowerPoint Presentations  

7) Alternatives to PowerPoint    

What is PowerPoint?  

PowerPoint is an essential multifunctional tool for making presentations which had been created by MS. As a part of the Microsoft Office Suite, it offers a toolbox to organise the presentation by using different tools and features to make it visually pleasant and attractive. MS PowerPoint gives the opportunity for the text, graphics, multimedia objects, and animation elements to be combined in one place to allow the users to present information in a more effective way.  

Evolution of PowerPoint  

In the course of time, PowerPoint has become a very functional tool to produce high-quality presentations Moreover, a secure system would be established to manage risks of data leakage or theft. First released in 1987 for Apple computers, it defies to the competition with its easy Graphical User Interface (GUIGUI)) and its large range of functions. With every new release, MS PowerPoint offered new functionality and boasted significant improvements, staying the wonder of the world of presentations.

Understanding the PowerPoint interface  

 The PowerPoint Program provides the presenter with an easy-to-use interface for designing and updating the presentation. It is important to master its main functions in order to conduct operations using this software with a level of proficiency.Here's a breakdown of the MS PowerPoint interface:   

1) Ribbon: The Ribbon is located at the top of the MS PowerPoint window and has several tabs which include Home, Insert, Design, Transitions, etc.

2) Slides pane: Slide pane which is positioned to the far left of the window, is the PowerPoint window. You will see there a collection of your slides examples (thumbnails) which enables you to adjust and customize them with greater ease. The floating pane of the editor lets you not only add, delete, duplicate, but also hide slides from there.

3)   Notes pane : The Notes pane is located below the Slides pane. It provides space for adding speaker notes or additional information related to each slide.    

4)  Slide area : The Slide area occupies the central part of the PowerPoint window. It displays the selected slide, where you can add and arrange content such as text, images, charts, and multimedia elements .    

5)  Task panes : Task panes are additional panels on the PowerPoint window's right side. They offer various functionalities such as formatting options, slide layouts, animations, etc. Task panes can be opened or closed based on your specific needs.   

Understanding the MS PowerPoint interface will help you navigate the software effectively and make the most of its features. Whether you are creating slides, adding content, or applying formatting, having a good grasp of the interface ensures a smooth and productive experience .  

Key Features of PowerPoint  

When it comes to creating captivating and professional presentations, MS PowerPoint stands out as versatile and feature-rich software. Its array of tools and functionalities enables users to bring their imagination and ideas to life. Moreover, it also helps engage their audience effectively .    

From slide templates to multimedia integration, there are various Features of PowerPoint ; let's discuss some of them below.

1) Slide Templates : PowerPoint provides a collection of pre-designed templates that make it easy to create visually appealing slides.   

2)  Slide Master : The Slide Master feature allows users to define the overall layout, font styles, and colour scheme for the entire presentation .   

3)  Animations and transitions : PowerPoint offers various animation effects and slide transitions to add visual interest and captivate the audience .   

4)  Multimedia integration : Users can embed images, videos, and audio files directly into their presentations, enhancing the overall impact .   

5)   Collaboration tools : MS PowerPoint allows multiple users to work on a presentation simultaneously, making it ideal for team projects and remote collaboration .   

6) Presenter View : The Presenter View feature gives presenters access to speaker notes, a timer, and a preview of upcoming slides, enabling a seamless presentation experience .   

These features collectively contribute to PowerPoint's versatility and make it a powerful tool for developing engaging and impactful presentations.  

Take your Microsoft Office skills to the next level – sign up for our Power Apps and Power Automate Training ! 

How to use PowerPoint to create a presentation?   

Creating a presentation in PowerPoint is a straightforward process. Whether it's simple animations or explainer videos learning H ow to use PowerPoint is an extremely valuable skill. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to create a presentation:   

1)  Launch PowerPoint and choose a template or start with a blank slide. 

2)  Add slides by clicking "New Slide" or using the shortcut key (Ctrl + M). 

3) Customise slide content by entering text and inserting visuals.  

4)  Rearrange slides for a logical flow by dragging them in the slide navigation pane.  

5)  Apply slide transitions for visual effects in the "Transitions" tab.  

6)  Add animations to objects in the "Animations" tab.  

7)  Preview your presentation by clicking "Slide Show".   

8)  Save your presentation and choose a format (.pptx or .pdf).  

9)  Share your presentation via email, cloud storage, or collaboration tools.   

By following these steps, you can create a well-structured and visually appealing presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint. Remember to keep your content concise, use engaging visuals, and practice your presentation skills to deliver an impactful presentation .   

Unlock your full potential and optimise your productivity with our comprehensive Microsoft Office 365 Masterclass . Sign up now!  

Benefits of PowerPoint   

PowerPoint is a very popular presentation software and for a good reason. It offers numerous benefits for users, from easy collaboration to ease of use. These are some of the key benefits of PowerPoint.

1) Visual appeal : Microsoft PowerPoint allows you to create visually appealing presentations with its wide range of design tools and features. You can use templates, themes, and customisable layouts to make your slides visually engaging and professional .   

2)  Easy to use : PowerPoint has a user-friendly interface, making it accessible to users of all levels. The intuitive tools and straightforward navigation make it easy to create, edit, and deliver presentations efficiently .   

3)   Flexibility : PowerPoint provides flexibility in terms of content creation. You can include various types of content, such as text, images, charts, graphs, videos, and audio files, to enhance your message and engage your audience effectively.   

4)   Organisation and structure : PowerPoint offers features to help you organise and structure your content. You can create multiple slides, use slide masters for consistent formatting, and arrange the sequence of slides to create a logical flow .   

5)  Presenter tools : PowerPoint includes built-in presenter tools that aid in delivering presentations smoothly. You can use presenter view to see your notes and upcoming slides while your audience sees only the presentation. Additionally, features like slide transitions and animations add visual interest and help you control the flow of information .   

6)  Collaboration and sharing : PowerPoint allows for easy collaboration and sharing of presentations. Several users can simultaneously work on the same presentation, making it convenient for team projects. You can also share your presentations via email, cloud storage, or online platforms, ensuring easy access for viewers .   

7)   Integration with other tools : PowerPoint can seamlessly integrate with other Microsoft Office applications, such as Word and Excel. You can import data and charts from Excel or copy and paste content between different Office applications, saving time and effort .  

8)   Presenter-audience interaction : PowerPoint provides features that facilitate interaction between the presenter and the audience. You can include interactive elements like hyperlinks, buttons, and quizzes to engage your audience and make your presentations more dynamic.   

9)   Portable and accessible : PowerPoint presentations can be saved in various formats, such as .pptx or .pdf, making them easily accessible on different devices. This portability allows you to deliver presentations on laptops, tablets, or even projectors without compatibility issues .   

10)  Time and effort savings : PowerPoint simplifies the process of creating presentations, saving you time and effort. The pre-designed templates, slide layouts, and formatting options enable you to create professional-looking presentations efficiently .   

Tips for Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations   

PowerPoint presentations can be powerful tools for communicating information and engaging an audience. Consider the following PowerPoint Tips to create effective presentations .

1) Simplicity is key : Keep your slides clean and uncluttered. Use concise bullet points and simple visuals to convey your message effectively .   

2)  Visuals matter : Incorporate relevant, high-quality visuals such as images, charts, and diagrams to enhance understanding and engagement .   

3)  Limit text : Avoid overwhelming your audience with excessive text on slides. Use brief phrases or keywords to communicate key points .   

4)  Choose legible fonts : Opt for clear and readable fonts that are easy to read, even from a distance. Maintain consistency in font styles throughout your presentation .   

5)  Consistent design : Maintain a consistent design theme, including colours, fonts, and layout, to create a visually appealing and professional presentation.   

6)  Emphasise important points : Use visual hierarchy techniques, such as font size, colour, and formatting, to draw attention to essential information .   

7)  Use transitions and animations sparingly : Incorporate slide transitions and animations thoughtfully, focusing on enhancing content and transitions without distracting the audience .   

8)  S lide notes for guidance : Utilise the slide notes feature to include additional details, explanations, or reminders for a well-prepared and confident presentation.   

9)  Practice and time yourself : Rehearse your presentation to ensure smooth delivery and stay within the allocated time. Practice helps you refine your content and delivery.   

10)  Engage the audience : Encourage audience participation through interactive elements, questions, or discussions to foster engagement and make your presentation more memorable.   

By implementing these tips, you can create effective MS PowerPoint presentations that capture attention, communicate information clearly, and engage your audience effectively.  

Alternatives to PowerPoint  

Most of you are used to using PowerPoint for your presentation needs since it was the first option available to us through our academics. However, if you wish to check out alternative options to Powerpoint know if they work better for you, here are ten options that is worth a short: 

5) Slidebean

6) Zoho Show 

7) Google Slide 

9) Beautiful.ai

10) Microsoft Sway

Conclusion     

This blog walked you through What is PowerPoint and how it can aid you in curating compelling visual representations of the message you wish to get across. We discussed it features and the process of how you can create presentations on PowerPoint. Now take what you know and run with it explore your options with your templates and building new ones, let your creativity take its course. 

Learn how to create customised slide shows in MS PowerPoint with our Microsoft PowerPoint MO300 Training .  

Frequently Asked Questions

Well, making a presentation can be tricky business. Here are some of the common mistakes people make:

1) Adding too much text! The presentation needs to have brief and simple points you elaborate on in person. 

2) Bad colour schemes for template and font colour. Sometimes the clash of colour may make the text illegible. 

3) Too many elements! Crowding of elements may lose your audience’s attention.   

Yes, you most definitely can! You can use PowerPoint online with a Microsoft Office 360 plug in that allows you to use all Microsoft applications on your browser. 

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More From Forbes

Making an effective presentation.

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Successful presenters understand that what the audience sees in a presentation makes a stronger impact than the words they hear. We've been wired to take in information primarily through our eyes ever since cave dwellers began looking over their shoulders for approaching mastodons.

Academic research demonstrates the importance of nonverbal communication. One study by Albert Mehrabian, professor emeritus of psychology at UCLA, assigns only a 7% value to the choice of words in face-to-face communications, while tone of voice has a 38% value and facial expression 55%. The study was measuring the impact of single words in a laboratory setting, not in a presentation--but should be carefully considered by presenters who agonize over choice of words and give short shrift to preparing their presentation.

There's a different way to break down the components of an effective presentation. Like the Mehrabian formula, this one has three parts and a percentage value for each.

The first--and most important--part is to make an emotional connection with the audience, because without it the presenter's message will not be fully heard. The second is to generate and maintain a high level of energy to hold the audience's attention through the whole presentation. The third is to focus the content on the payoff for the audience.

Many speakers underappreciate these components. Using them can help you improve your effectiveness at presenting by significant margins.

Video: How To Present Like Steve Jobs

Make an Emotional Connection with the Audience. Consciously or not, the audience forms a bias for or against a presenter within seconds. We all make a tentative judgment about everyone we meet on scant evidence, though we may not admit it because we see ourselves as rational beings. More than anything else, it's the personal impression you make that determines whether or not the audience accepts your message. You must come across as likable and trustworthy.

The key to being likable is simple: Show you like the audience and they'll reciprocate. Once they like you they'll give you the benefit of the doubt on trustworthiness. You'll get a strong start toward likability if before you begin speaking you take a bit of time to look around the audience warmly, enthusiastically and with a big smile.

Maintain steady eye contact with the audience throughout the talk. If you don't, you will quickly signal that you don't want to be there, that you aren't really committed to your message or even that you're a shifty character. By speaking with genuine feeling you'll make it clear you believe deeply in what you're saying. This will encourage the audience to believe in it, too. Practice the presentation so well that you don't need a script. A script is a barrier against making an emotional connection because it keeps you from making eye contact and communicating your passion for your message.

Show them your humanity. This is particularly important for speakers who have power over the audience. Tell them some stories that reveal your vulnerability and express the values you have in common with them. Everyone loves a story.

The audience has to know that you know your subject. Presenters whose expertise isn't recognized by the audience shouldn't try to establish it by describing their credentials. Let the person introducing you describe them and endorse you enthusiastically.

People like people who are similar to themselves. Be yourself, but also try to fit in with the members of the audience as much as possible. Speak to the audience's level of knowledge. Cite references they recognize and respect. Express the feelings you share with them. Dress just a little bit better than the people in the audience.

If you're announcing unwelcome news, express your empathy with the audience. Talk about specific incidents to show you understand the issues involved and are up to date with the details. If there's an opposing viewpoint, show the audience you understand it and acknowledge the parts you agree with. Keeping silent about the other viewpoint might infer you're afraid to challenge it. If you have to apologize for something, do it without making excuses. Whatever your message, speak directly and without circumlocution or Dilbert-speak. Make it clear you'll answer questions at the end--so be sure to leave enough time for them.

If there are other speakers, come early, sit in the audience to hear what they have to say and expand on their comments when you present your message. Sitting in the audience helps build a bond between you and the audience members. You also may want to get to the meeting room early and introduce yourself to the audience members as they arrive. This will help you make an emotional connection.

Present with Energy. Capture the audience's attention right away by telling a dramatic story and keep the energy level high all through your presentation. To get them excited about your idea you have to show them your own excitement about it.

Walk in strong, move confidently to where you'll present, stand tall, smile, survey the room and begin to speak, with conviction. Underscore important points with movement: your whole body, your arms, your hands, your head and your changing facial expressions. Vary your voice pitch and pace, using a dramatic pause when you get to something important. Use mostly short sentences, dynamic words, onomatopoeia ("bang!", "boo-hoo") and active verbs. The perfect verb or noun doesn't need a modifier. Move closer to the audience at key points. Wade into the audience if it's appropriate. Come to the presentation well rested so you can stay energetic.

Keep reading the audience. If you feel their interest flagging, do something unexpected: Pause abruptly, change your voice level or tempo, bring out a hidden prop, ask a question or involve the audience in an exercise.

Keep it short. The higher an audience's management level, the shorter its attention span. You'll earn points by taking less time than you were given and you'll maintain a high energy level all the way to the end of the presentation.

Spell Out the Payoff for the Audience. If you're presenting information, give lots of attention to describing its relevance and applicability rather than telling every little detail. If you want the audience to accept a change you're announcing, focus on the benefits for them. What's in it for me? every audience wants know. Appeal to the head, with evidence the audience will find credible, and the heart, with inspiring descriptions of the payoff.

The payoff might be crystal clear to you--but never assume it is for the audience. Restate your key points in different ways, with examples and analogies. Make them memorable with sound bites that use alliteration, acronyms or rhymes.

Since the eyes are so important in learning, you'll want to use visuals. But don't let them upstage you because it's you who's the star of the show. Keep the visuals simple and use only a few. Don't make the audience feel they're suffering death by PowerPoint at the hands of a merciless PowerPoint Ranger. Wait until you've established likability and credibility before you turn their attention to the visuals.

The Metrics. What's the relative value of the three components of this approach to presenting? Mnemonic devices are always useful so let's create a formula. Clearly, making an emotional connection by being likable and trustworthy is the most important component, because if you lack it your argument won't be accepted. You might not even be listened to. Let's give it a 50% value.

The other two components--presenting with energy and spelling out the payoff--are equally important. Let's give them 25% each. We now have a 50%–25%–25% formula for the new approach to making a successful presentation.

What we have altogether are two different but complementary tools you can put to work. Combining them will help you deliver a knockout presentation.

The 7%-38%-55% rule deals with the information the audience takes from the presentation. It will help you remember the importance of nonverbal communication. The 50%-25%-25% formula is about you, the speaker, and what you offer the audience. It will help you remember the importance of connecting emotionally with the audience, keeping the energy high and spelling out the payoff.

Bill Rosenthal is chief executive of Communispond Inc. , which has taught presentation skills to more than 600,000 managers over the past 40 years.

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Assessing the interplay of presentation and competency in online video examinations: a focus on health system science education

• Phoomjai Sornsenee 1 ,
• Pawita Limsomwong 1 ,
• Polathep Vichitkunakorn 1 ,
• Supakorn Sripaew 1 ,
• Supinya Sono 1 ,
• Kanisorn Sungkaro 2 ,
• Theepat Wongkittithaworn 3 ,
• Thadakorn Tantisarasart 4 ,
• Pongphon Chuchuen 5 ,
• Katti Sathaporn 6 &
• Kwanchanok Chantaramanee 7  

BMC Medical Education volume  24 , Article number:  842 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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The integration of Health System Science (HSS) in medical education emphasizes mastery of competencies beyond mere knowledge acquisition. With the shift to online platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased emphasis on Technology Enhanced Assessment (TEA) methods, such as video assessments, to evaluate these competencies. This study investigates the efficacy of online video assessments in evaluating medical students’ competency in HSS.

A comprehensive assessment was conducted on first-year medical students ( n  = 10) enrolled in a newly developed curriculum integrating Health System Science (HSS) into the Bachelor of Medicine program in 2021. Students undertook three exams focusing on HSS competency. Their video responses were evaluated by a panel of seven expert assessors using a detailed rubric. Spearman rank correlation and the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were utilized to determine correlations and reliability among assessor scores, while a mixed-effects model was employed to assess the relationship between foundational HSS competencies (C) and presentation skills (P).

Positive correlations were observed in inter-rater reliability, with ICC values suggesting a range of reliability from poor to moderate. A positive correlation between C and P scores was identified in the mixed-effects model. The study also highlighted variations in reliability and correlation, which might be attributed to differences in content, grading criteria, and the nature of individual exams.

Our findings indicate that effective presentation enhances the perceived competency of medical students, emphasizing the need for standardized assessment criteria and consistent assessor training in online environments. This study highlights the critical roles of comprehensive competency assessments and refined presentation skills in online medical education, ensuring accurate and reliable evaluations.

Peer Review reports

In medical education, assessment extends beyond mere knowledge acquisition. It emphasizes the mastery of essential skills and the medical profession. [ 1 ] Among various approaches, competency-based assessment stands out, [ 2 ] as it encompasses the full range of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. [ 3 ] This approach focuses extensively on Health System Science (HSS), which is globally recognized as the third pillar of medical education. [ 4 ] HSS integrates systems thinking and the complexities of healthcare systems, equipping medical professionals to adeptly navigate and manage the socio-economic, political, and interpersonal factors influencing healthcare. [ 5 ] Furthermore, the cognitive domain is an integral facet of HSS, emphasizing Higher-Order Thinking (HOT) skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical reasoning. [ 6 , 7 ] These skills are crucial to effectively engaging with the broader constructs of HSS.

The challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic have reshaped traditional teaching and prompted a re-evaluation of existing assessment methods. [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] Global institutions, faced with the limitations of in-person interactions, have found it essential to transition to digital platforms. [ 10 ] This shift has highlighted the need for adopting Technology Enhanced Assessment (TEA) methods, which align well with the emerging online teaching environment. [ 11 , 12 ] In this new paradigm, it is crucial that TEA methods, especially online video assessments, effectively evaluate competencies for the digital age. However, their efficacy in specific areas like HSS remains under exploration.

Oral presentations, especially in online video formats, may offer unique insights into a student’s HOT capabilities, which are essential for HSS assessments. These evaluations could potentially elucidate core areas within HSS, such as systems thinking, health policy, and the social sciences. Previous studies hint at the efficacy of oral assessments in areas like social sciences [ 13 ] and professionalism. [ 14 ] However, the robustness and reliability of video-based oral presentations as an assessment tool warrant further investigation. Another consideration is the potential bias resulting from varying presentation skills. [ 15 , 16 ] Students with exemplary presentation skills may overshadow essential content gaps, while those less adept at presenting might not be duly acknowledged for their depth of HSS knowledge. To ensure fair and effective assessment, it is critical to carefully differentiate true competency from mere presentation prowess.

In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of online video assessments in capturing medical students’ competency in the HSS curriculum, focusing on topics like systems thinking, health policy, medical ethics, and social health determinants. Our research primarily aims to gauge score consistency across assessors. We employ the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) to measure inter-rater reliability and use Spearman’s Rho—a statistical method—to determine correlations among assessors. Alongside, we explore the relationship between foundational HSS competenies (C) and presentation skills (P) through mixed-effects modeling. Elucidating the interplay between C and P offers a nuanced perspective for HSS assessments.

Study design, setting, and participants

The study involved a comprehensive assessment of all first-year medical students ( n  = 10) enrolled in a newly developed curriculum integrating Health System Science (HSS) into the Bachelor of Medicine program in 2021. The curriculum aims primarily at two objectives. First, it seeks to provide comprehensive medical education enriched with HSS concepts. Second, it intends to attract students from rural areas, nurturing them with the hope they will return and serve their home communities, equipped with a deep understanding of the public health system.

Examination process

First-year medical students undertook three distinct exams, each designed to assess various dimensions and complexities of Higher-Order Thinking (HOT) skills within the Health System Science (HSS) curriculum. For a detailed breakdown of exam formats, materials, and timing, refer to Table  1 .

Exam 1 on Social Health Determinants (SDHs) : This exam assesses foundational HOT skills such as understanding, recall, and application, in addition to critical thinking and problem-solving. It integrates theoretical and practical elements to evaluate how students apply systems thinking to real-world health challenges.

Exam 2 on Health Care Policy : This exam focuses on deeper analytical and synthetic HOT skills, evaluating students’ abilities to critically engage with and construct reasoned arguments regarding health policy issues.

Exam 3 on Medical Ethics : Similarly, this exam tests the students’ ability to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ethical dilemmas in medical practice, enhancing their understanding of the ethical frameworks essential to health system science.

Each exam incorporates elements of systems thinking, foundational to mastering HSS. The assessments were developed by an impartial educator and are conducted over a standardized 40-minute session, utilizing a Learning Management System (LMS) developed by the faculty of medicine.

Assessment technique and evaluation

After the three exams, students’ response videos were assessed by a panel of seven expert assessors specializing in medical education. The assessment process utilized a detailed rubric, designed to capture the depth and nuance of HOT as intended in each exam. This rubric, informed by the principles of HOT and HSS, combined a numerical scale (ranging from 1 to 10) with explicit descriptors for each score, providing clarity on performance expectations. This ensured evaluations were consistent and adequately represented the depth of student understanding in relation to the complexities integrated into the three exams. The training of our panel of assessors focused on the foundational principles of Health System Science (HSS) and the effective application of the assessment rubric. The initial session introduced the assessors to the rubric, highlighting its alignment with key HSS competencies such as systems thinking and value based care. This included a detailed explanation of the scoring system and performance standards.

The students were assessed based on two primary criteria. First , their competency skills were evaluated using the rubric formulated by the educational research team to capture the nuances of HOT. Second , their presentation skills were assessed, focusing on accuracy, clarity, and the effectiveness of their communication, drawing from criteria established in previous research. [ 16 ]

Statistical analysis and reliability assessment

Assessor Score Correlation : We utilized the Spearman rank correlation method to understand the interrelationships among assessor scores. Data for each of the three exams (Exams 1–3) are presented in tables, which display the Spearman’s rho coefficients for competency (C) scores and presentation (P) scores. A rho value near 1 signifies a strong correlation; a value between 0.5 and 0.75 indicates a moderate correlation; a value between 0.3 and 0.5 suggests a weak correlation; and a value close to 0 implies negligible correlation.

Reliability Estimation : The level of agreement among assessors was quantified using the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Each ICC value was complemented with its respective 95% confidence interval. It is essential to note the interpretative context of the ICC values: those below 0.5 signify poor reliability; values ranging from 0.5 to 0.75 denote moderate reliability; values between 0.75 and 0.9 are indicative of good reliability; and values exceeding 0.9 are demonstrative of excellent reliability.

Relationship between Presentation and Competency : A jitter plot depicted individual student performances, with colors differentiating each assessor. A mixed-effects model was implemented to consider potential variability due to individual assessors. The model’s coefficient indicated the anticipated shift in competency relative to presentation skills.

Software and Packages : All analytical processes, from data visualization to heat map creation, were executed using R software, version 4.3.1 with packages. [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]

Our evaluation offers insights into both the correlation and reliability of assessments. The 10 participants, scores across the three exams were evaluated by seven expert assessors. Spearman’s Rho values, as illustrated in Tables  2 and 3 , indicate correlations for competency scores (C) and presentation scores (P). All correlations emerged as positive; however, there were discernible variations in strength from weak to strong for both competency and presentation scores across different assessors and exams. The Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values for C scores across exams were 0.42 (95% CI = 0.18–0.74) for Exam 1, 0.27 (95% CI = 0.09–0.61) for Exam 2, and 0.35 (95% CI = 0.12–0.68) for Exam 3. P scores for these exams were 0.44 (95% CI = 0.20–0.75) for Exam 1, 0.32 (95% CI = 0.12–0.66) for Exam 2, and 0.48 (95% CI = 0.24–0.78) for Exam 3. When considering the 95% confidence intervals for both competency and presentation scores, these ICC values suggest a range of reliability from poor to moderate.

Further exploration of the correlation between C and P scores across the three exams is depicted in Figs.  1 and 2 , and 3 , respectively. Each figure presents a jitter plot that highlights individual data points; different colors represent individual assessors. The overall mixed-effects model prediction is captured by a red dotted line, flanked by the 95% confidence interval (CI). For Exam 1, the model indicates a positive correlation between C and P scores with a coefficient of 0.16, but this is not statistically significant ( p  = 0.073). In contrast, both Exams 2 and 3 consistently showed statistically significant positive correlations between C and P scores, with all assessors reflecting this trend.

Jitter plot of exam 1 with individual assessor lines and mixed-effects model correlating competency and presentation scores

Jitter plot of exam 2 with individual assessor lines and mixed-effects model correlating competency and presentation scores

Jitter plot of exam 3 with individual assessor lines and mixed-effects model correlating competency and presentation scores

Medical education, especially in areas like HSS, has significantly evolved due to global trends. As digital platforms have surged in popularity, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the emphasis on online assessments has grown. Our study, deeply rooted in HSS, sheds light on the broader challenges of online evaluations. Specifically, it underscores the balance required between content mastery and effective presentation in an environment where both are paramount.

One key finding from our study is the role of assessor calibration. Using statistical measures like ICC and Spearman’s rho, we observed a positive correlation in inter-rater reliability, accompanied by variations. It is imperative to recognize that our research’s primary objective was not solely to evaluate the efficiency of our rubric scores but to scrutinize the efficacy of our video assessment design for HSS. Prior studies support our conclusions, suggesting that rubric-based grading can have varying reliability. [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] Such deviations can arise due to factors including the content under examination, the adopted grading criteria, statistical evaluation methods, the nature of the test, and the number of involved assessors or participants. [ 21 , 24 ]

In addressing the challenges of evaluating complex topics such as healthcare politics and policies, our assessor training was tailored to enhance the use of a comprehensive rubric and objective assessment skills. The training included detailed reviews of HSS case studies and scenario-based exercises, emphasizing strategies to mitigate personal biases and maintain consistency across varied content. This approach helped ensure that all assessors were equipped to objectively assess responses, even in subjects prone to subjective interpretation. Upon deeper observation, we found that Exam 2 showed a lower correlation among scorers compared to Exams 1 and 3. This could be attributed to the content of Exam 2, which focused on healthcare politics and policies. Such policy-oriented topics can lead to varied interpretations among assessors, making it challenging to determine a universally acceptable answer. [ 25 ]

Our research underscores the crucial balance between competency and presentation skills. With the rise of digital platforms, the ability to articulate and communicate effectively has become indispensable for professional competency. [ 26 ] A related study, utilizing platforms like Zoom for assessments, aligns with our findings. [ 27 ] It emphasizes that when evaluating online, it is essential to distinguish domains like metacognition and creativity. Many evaluation methodologies prioritize oral presentation capabilities, relegating content knowledge to a secondary role. [ 14 , 15 , 28 ] In disciplines demanding HOT skills, such as HSS, merging these domains could potentially obscure the importance of specific competencies. Therefore, to ensure fair and effective assessments, it is vital to carefully differentiate between true competency and the enhancement effect of presentation prowess. This vigilance is crucial because exemplary presentation skills can sometimes overshadow gaps in content knowledge, while less polished presentation skills might lead to underestimation of a student’s understanding and competence. In response to this challenge, educational institutions should incorporate robust communication and presentation training modules into their curricula. [ 28 ] This would ensure that graduates are not only well-versed in their fields but also adept at articulating their knowledge.

Reflecting on our video assessment approach in HSS, the novel method we employed to understand the nexus between competency and presentation skills emerges as a strength. With the prevailing trend of transitioning to digital platforms in medical education, our insights stress the essence of both thorough content comprehension and proficient communication.

In our study, we employed a numeric scoring scale to quantify student performances, which provides precision and facilitates straightforward comparison. This method offers the advantage of detailed quantification, allowing for fine distinctions between levels of competency. However, it may introduce inconsistencies, especially when assessing complex competencies that require nuanced judgment. Alternatively, ordinal rating systems, which categorize performances into descriptive levels such as excellent, good, fair, or poor, can simplify assessments and potentially enhance consistency by more clearly delineating broad performance categories. Each system has its merits, with numeric scales offering granularity and ordinal scales providing clearer benchmarks. [ 29 ] This distinction underscores a key aspect of our current methodology and presents a valuable area for future research to explore the optimal balance between detailed quantification and categorical assessment in evaluating both competency and presentation skills in medical education.

In this study, we intentionally employed a diverse panel of seven expert assessors rather than the conventional use of two raters. This decision was guided by the aim to enhance the reliability and depth of our evaluations, particularly given the complex competencies involved in HSS. A larger panel allows for a more comprehensive range of perspectives on student performances, which is critical in a field where subjective judgment can significantly influence scoring. However, this approach can also introduce variability in scoring due to differences in each rater’s interpretation and emphasis, which might not be as pronounced with a smaller, more uniform panel. By using seven raters, we aimed to capture a broader spectrum of interpretations, which, while enriching the assessment, could also lead to increased score dispersion and affect the overall consistency of the results. This aspect of our methodology could have influenced the outcomes by either mitigating or exaggerating individual biases, thus impacting the inter-rater reliability as reported. To address these challenges, integrating AI technology could provide a valuable tool. Artificial intelligence can assist in standardizing evaluations by consistently applying predefined criteria, potentially reducing the variability introduced by multiple human assessors. [ 30 , 31 ] This hybrid approach, blending human insight with AI precision, represents a promising direction for future research, aiming to balance depth and reliability in complex competency assessments.

Considering the observed shift towards online assessments in medical education, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of video assessments in measuring both competency and presentation skills within the Health System Science (HSS) framework. Our findings reveal positive correlations between these skills, indicating that effective presentation can enhance the perception of competency. However, variations in inter-rater reliability highlight the necessity for standardized assessment criteria and consistent assessor training. By implementing these strategies, educational institutions can ensure greater accuracy and reliability, which is crucial for accurately assessing student competencies in a digital learning environment. Thus, our study substantiates the importance of both thorough competency assessment and the enhancement of presentation skills in online medical education.

Data availability

The dataset analysed in the current study is available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine at Prince of Songkla University for supporting our research endeavors. Our gratitude is also extended to Assistant Professor Kanyika Chamniprasas, Vice Dean for Education, and Assistant Professor Supaporn Dissaneevate for their roles in creating and backing the health system reform curriculum for medical students, which contributed to this study.

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All authors made a significant contribution to the reported work. P.S., P.L. S.So., T.T., P.C, K.S., K.C. designed the study and obtained research ethics approval; P.S., P.V., S.Sr., K.S., and T.W., analysed and visualized the data; all authors interpreted the results, drafted, and revised the manuscript, and read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Sornsenee, P., Limsomwong, P., Vichitkunakorn, P. et al. Assessing the interplay of presentation and competency in online video examinations: a focus on health system science education. BMC Med Educ 24 , 842 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05808-1

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Unveiling the Structure in Mental Disorder Presentations

• 1 Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
• 2 National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
• 3 Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
• 4 University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
• 5 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
• 6 Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
• 7 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
• 8 Mental Health Informatics Section, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
• 9 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
• 10 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
• 11 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

Question   Is there a common pattern of symptom combinations across mental disorders?

Finding   This cross-sectional study found a specific pattern across 4 empirical samples (N = 155 474), with 41.7% to 99.8% of symptom combinations being reported by less than 1% of the sample, while the 1% most frequent combinations were highly prevalent in 33.1% to 78.6% of the corresponding sample. Because of the interdependence of a disorder’s symptoms, not all symptom combinations are equally likely.

Meaning   Polythetic definitions lead to a common pattern of symptom heterogeneity: the presence of few prototypical and many atypical symptom combinations.

Importance   DSM criteria are polythetic, allowing for heterogeneity of symptoms among individuals with the same disorder. In empirical research, most combinations were not found or only rarely found, prompting criticism of this heterogeneity.

Objective   To elaborate how symptom-based definitions and assessments contribute to a distinct probability pattern for the occurrence of symptom combinations.

Design, Setting, and Participants   This cross-sectional study involved a theoretical argument, simulation, and secondary data analysis of 4 preexisting datasets, each consisting of symptoms from 1 of the following syndromes: posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety. Data were obtained from various sources, including the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive and Department of Veteran Affairs. A total of 155 474 participants were included (individual studies were 3930 to 63 742 individuals in size). Data were analyzed between July 2021 and January 2024.

Exposure   For each participant, the presence or absence of each assessed symptom and their combination was determined. The number of all combinations and their individual frequencies were assessed.

Main Outcome and Measure   Probability or frequency of unique symptom combinations and their distribution.

Results   Among the 155 474 participants, the mean (SD) age was 47.5 (14.8) years; 33 933 (21.8%) self-identified as female and 121 541 (78.2%) as male. Because of the interrelation between symptoms, some symptom combinations were significantly more likely than others. The distribution of the combinations’ probability was heavily skewed with most combinations having a very low probability. Across all 4 empirical samples, the 1% most common combinations were prevalent in a total of 33.1% to 78.6% of the corresponding sample. At the same time, many combinations (ranging from 41.7% to 99.8%) were reported by less than 1% of the sample.

Conclusions and Relevance   This study found that within-disorder symptom heterogeneity followed a specific pattern consisting of few prevalent, prototypical combinations and numerous combinations with a very low probability of occurrence. Future discussions about the revision of diagnostic criteria should take this specific pattern into account by focusing not only on the absolute number of symptom combinations but also on their individual and cumulative probabilities. Findings from clinical populations using common diagnostic criteria may have limited generalizability to the large group of individuals with a low-probability symptom combination.

Read More About

Spiller TR , Duek O , Helmer M, et al. Unveiling the Structure in Mental Disorder Presentations. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online August 07, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2047

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Sara Errani and Jasmine Paolini claimed Italy's first ever Olympic tennis gold medal as they beat Mirra Andreeva and Diana Shnaider , 2-6, 6-1, (10-7), to win the women's doubles on Sunday.

Russians Andreeva and Shnaider, who were competing as neutrals, took the opening set but were pinned with silver after the Italian pair fought back.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jasmine Paolini (@jasmine_paolini)

"(It's) not easy after the first set, just wanted to do better in the second set. It's so important... we gave everything and we got the gold medal," Paolini said.

"Obviously we were struggling in the first set, in the end we made it great," Errani added.

Errani, the 37-year-old former doubles world No. 1, became the seventh player to complete the career Golden Slam in women's doubles having won all four majors and the Olympic title.

Errani also became the oldest player to win an Olympic tennis gold, snatching the record that Novak Djokovic, one month her junior, had claimed two hours before by winning the men's singles final.

It was Italy's first ever gold medal in an Olympic tennis event, a day after compatriot Lorenzo Musetti defeated Felix Auger-Aliassime to win bronze in the men's singles.

Italy's only previous tennis medal at the Olympics came at the 1924 Games in Paris, when Uberto de Morpurgo won bronze in men's singles.

Errani and Paolini said they had to settle their nerves to come back from a disappointing first set.

"During the first set we had to slowly find our way into the game," Errani told reporters.

"It was also physically challenging. It was a lot of nervous tension, a lot of pressure," added Errani, who had physiotherapy for a muscle issue after the seventh game.

The Italian pair, however, quickly got a foothold in the contest, serving better and hitting deeper as they took the second set, before coming out on top in the super tiebreak.

"The second set was a complete change. We went for it at the beginning," Errani said. "From that moment on, also, Jasmine has loosened up and we put more pressure on Andreeva and Shnaider and we found the right approach.

"We also tried more smashes. We didn't play close to the net. We got into the game, got into the fight and I can say that both I and Jasmine moved a lot better and that did it."

Andreeva, 17, became the second youngest player in history to win a medal in tennis at the Olympics, after Jennifer Capriati won singles gold in Barcelona 32 years ago at the age of 16 years and 132 days.

The Russian pair were happy with silver on their Olympic debut.

“We are proud of it. We could do better but first time, we are happy with the result," Shnaider said.

MATCH STATS

Spain's Cristina Bucsa and Sara Sorribes Tormo beat Czech pair Linda Noskova and Karolina Muchova to win the bronze medal.

MATCH STATS l WOMEN'S DOUBLES BRACKET

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American wrestlers Spencer Lee, Aaron Brooks and Helen Maroulis to compete in Olympic medal matches

Spencer Richard Lee, of the United State celebrates after defeating Uzbekistan’s Gulomjon Abdullaev in their men’s freestyle 57kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

Spencer Richard Lee, of the United State and Uzbekistan’s Gulomjon Abdullaev compete in their men’s freestyle 57kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

Spencer Richard Lee, of the United State, left, and Uzbekistan’s Gulomjon Abdullaev compete in their men’s freestyle 57kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

Japan’s Tsugumi Sakurai and Helen Louise Maroulis, of the United States, left, compete in their women’s freestyle 57kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

Japan’s Tsugumi Sakurai celebrates after defeating Helen Louise Maroulis, of the United States, left, in their women’s freestyle 57kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

Bulgaria’s Magomed Ramazanov celebrates after defeating Aaron Marquel Brooks, of the United State, in their men’s freestyle 86kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

Aaron Marquel Brooks, of the United State, and Bulgaria’s Magomed Ramazanov compete in their men’s freestyle 86kg semifinal wrestling match, at Champ-de-Mars Arena, during the 2024 Summer Olympics, Thursday, Aug. 8, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)

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PARIS (AP) — Three U.S. wrestlers – Spencer Lee, Aaron Brooks and Helen Maroulis — will challenge for Olympic freestyle medals after earning their spots on Thursday.

All three will compete in medal matches on Friday.

Lee will go for gold. He dominated the 57-kilogram semifinal from the start, routing Uzbekistan’s Gulomjon Abdullaev 14-4 on technical superiority in under three minutes. The three-time national champion at Iowa advanced to face Japan’s Rei Higuchi.

Lee said it felt like just another day.

“Here we are on the big stage,” he said. “I’ve always thought that each tournament is the biggest tournament. That’s how my mind works. So I’ve been joking with the coaches, ‘This is the Olympics, right?’ Because I don’t feel like it’s different from any other tournament.”

Higuchi beat Aman Sehrawat of India 10-0 on technical superiority in the other semifinal.

Brooks will fight for bronze at 86 kilograms against Uzbekistan’s Javrail Shapiev or Canada’s Alex Moore.

Brooks, the four-time national champion at Penn State who defeated Tokyo gold medalist David Taylor at the Olympic trials, opened Thursday by knocking off No. 1 seed Azamat Dauletbekov of Kazakhstan 4-3. He then beat Japan’s Hayato Ishiguro 11-1 and led Bulgaria’s Mahomed Ramazanov 3-0 in the semifinal before Ramazanov rallied and won with a takedown in the final seconds.

Maroulis, a gold medalist in 2016 and a silver medalist in 2021, lost to Tsugumi Sakurai 10-4 in a women’s semifinal at 57 kilograms. She will attempt to become the first American woman to win three Olympic medals when she faces Ecuador’s Luisa Valverde or Canada’s Hannah Taylor in a bronze-medal match.

AP Summer Olympics: https://apnews.com/hub/2024-paris-olympic-games

A CIO canceled a Microsoft AI deal. The reason should worry the entire tech industry.

• A pharma company stopped using Microsoft's Copilot AI tool, with an exec citing high cost and low value.
• The company used Office 365 Copilot for 500 staff and compared it to middle-school presentations.
• Microsoft is mulling repackaging 365 licenses to better monetize AI features amid record spending.

AI models and tools look great when researchers measure success with their own wonky benchmarks. When paying customers try this technology in the real world, things can get ugly.

That's what happened when an IT executive at a pharmaceutical company tried out Microsoft's Copilot AI features, according to a recent research note from Morgan Stanley.

The chief information officer of this pharma company paid extra to have 500 employees use Office 365 Copilot in the fourth quarter of 2023 and first quarter of 2024. This is Microsoft 's much-heralded AI upgrade to its popular suite of productivity software.

After six months, the exec canceled the upgrade because the AI tools weren't good enough to be worth the extra money.

In fact, he compared the slide-generation capability of Microsoft's AI tools to "middle school presentations," according to a transcript of a call with the Morgan Stanley analysts that was included in their research note.

"The price is double," the executive, identified only as Greg, said. "And we really just do not see the value we're getting out of those tools worth double."

The E3 version of Microsoft's 365 software suite costs about $34 per user a month. Adding Copilot AI features costs another $30 per user a month. For 500 employees, that would roughly add an extra $180,000 a year.

These new Microsoft tools are considered some of the premier examples of powerful artificial intelligence in action in the real world. Investors have bid up Microsoft and other big tech shares massively, betting that this product and similar offerings will catch on with paying customers.

If a large pharma company can't see $180,000 of value in these tools, that's a problem that should worry the entire tech industry.

Legal issues with AI meeting summaries

The 365 Copilot AI feature that the IT executive found more compelling was the ability to archive and summarize video meetings on Microsoft's Teams app. But he said his legal team was wary of retaining meeting transcripts, so the pharma company didn't use that feature.

Related stories

"What you're left with are tools that are along the lines of building ChatGPT instead of Word, which I think is marginally useful at best," the exec said. "Building a generative AI slide capability, which really is at the quality of middle school presentations at this point. And then Excel, which is, again, not really something that most people who use spreadsheets would think of using it."

He added that the company would consider adopting Office 365 Copilot for a subset of employees if it cost a fraction of its current price.

Microsoft must recoup big AI investments

The comments follow internal concerns at Microsoft about whether its AI services will create enough value to persuade corporate customers to pay more.

Wall Street is also wondering how Microsoft will recoup its massive AI spending. The company is amassing 1.8 million graphics processing units to build and run AI models and related products. It also has a plan to triple data-center capacity, mainly to handle AI workloads. Its capital expenditure hit a record $14 billion in the most recent quarter. A company spokesperson did not respond to a request for comment.

Microsoft is considering revamping the way it packages 365 software licenses like E3 to try to make more money from AI. The outcomes could include repackaging AI features into existing licenses or creating a more expensive bundle with Copilot AI capabilities, a person with direct knowledge of the plan said.

Do you work at Microsoft or have insight to share?

Contact Ashley Stewart via the encrypted messaging app Signal (+1-425-344-8242) or email ( [email protected] ). Use a nonwork device.

Watch: Volkswagen is using AI to speed up and scale marketing, while also integrating ChatGPT into its vehicles, says CMO Susanne Franz

• Main content

Fact Checking Trump’s Mar-a-Lago News Conference

The former president took questions from reporters for more than hour. We examined his claims, attacks and policy positions.

By The New York Times

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Former President Donald J. Trump held an hourlong news conference with reporters on Thursday at his Mar-a-Lago club in Florida, during which he attacked Vice President Kamala Harris, his general election opponent, criticized the Biden administration’s policies and boasted of the crowd size at his rallies. We took a closer look at many of his claims.

Trump claims his Jan. 6 rally crowd rivaled the 1963 March on Washington. Estimates say otherwise.

“If you look at Martin Luther King, when he did his speech, his great speech. And you look at ours, same real estate, same everything, same number of people. If not, we had more.” — Former President Donald J. Trump

This lacks evidence.

Mr. Trump was talking about the crowds gathered for his speech on Jan. 6, 2021, and for the “I Have a Dream” speech the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered during the March on Washington in 1963. While it is difficult to gauge exact crowd sizes, estimates counter Mr. Trump’s claim that the numbers gathered were comparable. Dr. King’s speech drew an estimated 250,000 people . The House Select Committee responsible for investigating the events of Jan. 6 estimated that Mr. Trump’s speech drew 53,000 people.

“She wants to take away your guns.”

— Former President Donald J. Trump

Ms. Harris, in 2019, said she supports a gun buyback program for assault weapons, not all guns. Her campaign told The New York Times recently that she no longer supports a buyback program.

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Peter Baker

“They take the strategic national reserves. They’re virtually empty now. We have never had it this low.”

This is exaggerated..

President Biden has indeed tapped the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to try to mitigate gasoline price increases , drawing it down by about 40 percent from when he took office, and it is currently at the lowest level since the 1980s. But it still has 375 million barrels in it now , which is not “virtually empty” nor is it at the lowest level ever.

“The vast majority of the country does support me.”

Mr. Trump never won a majority of the popular vote in either of the elections he ran in and never had the approval of a majority of Americans in a single day of Gallup polling during his presidency. An average of polls by FiveThirtyEight.com shows that he is viewed favorably by just 43 percent of Americans today and has the same level of support in a matchup against Vice President Kamala Harris.

Alan Rappeport

“They’re going to destroy Social Security.”

President Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris have pledged not to make any cuts to America’s social safety net programs. Mr. Trump suggested this year that he was open to scaling back the programs when he said there was “a lot you can do in terms of entitlements in terms of cutting.” He later walked back those comments and pledged to protect the programs. But if changes to the programs are not made, the programs’ benefits will automatically be reduced eventually. Government reports released earlier this year projected that the Social Security and disability insurance programs, if combined, would not have enough money to pay all of their obligations in 2035. Medicare will be unable to pay all its hospital bills starting in 2036.

Coral Davenport

“Everybody is going to be forced to buy an electric car.”

While the Biden administration has enacted regulations designed to ensure that the majority of new passenger cars and light trucks sold in the United States are all-electric or hybrids by 2032, the rules do not require consumers to buy electric vehicles.

“Our tax cuts, which are the biggest in history.”

The $1.5 trillion tax cut, enacted in December 2017, ranks below at least half a dozen others by several metrics. The 1981 tax cut enacted under President Ronald Reagan is the largest as a percentage of the economy and by its reduction to federal revenue. The 2012 cut enacted under President Barack Obama amounted to the largest cut in inflation-adjusted dollars: $321 billion a year.

“They’re drilling now because they had to go back because gasoline was going up to seven, eight, nine dollars a barrel. The day after the election, if they won, you’re going to have fuel prices go through the roof.”

The price of gasoline reached a low of $1.98 per gallon in April 2020, when Mr. Trump was president, chiefly as a result of the drop in driving in the first months of the Covid pandemic. It rose to a peak of $5 per gallon in June 2022, but has since steadily dropped to $3.60 per gallon in July 2024. The United States has steadily increased its oil production over the last decade, becoming the world’s largest producer of oil in 2018, a status it still holds today .

“If you go back and check your records for 18 months, I had a talk with Abdul. Abdul was the leader of the Taliban still is, but had a strong talk with him. For 18 months. Not one American soldier was shot at or killed, but not even shot at 18 months.”

Mr. Trump spoke with a leader of the Taliban in March 2020. In the 18 months that followed, from April 2020 to October 2021, 13 soldiers died in hostile action in Afghanistan.

“Democrats are really the radical ones on this, because they’re allowed to do abortion on the eighth and ninth month, and even after birth.”

No state has passed a law allowing for the execution of a baby after it is born, which is infanticide. Moreover, abortions later in pregnancy are very rare: In 2021, less than 1 percent of abortions happened after 21 weeks’ gestation, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report based on data from state and other health agencies. More than 90 percent of abortions happened within 13 weeks of gestation.

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Present Your Data Like a Pro

• Joel Schwartzberg

Demystify the numbers. Your audience will thank you.

While a good presentation has data, data alone doesn’t guarantee a good presentation. It’s all about how that data is presented. The quickest way to confuse your audience is by sharing too many details at once. The only data points you should share are those that significantly support your point — and ideally, one point per chart. To avoid the debacle of sheepishly translating hard-to-see numbers and labels, rehearse your presentation with colleagues sitting as far away as the actual audience would. While you’ve been working with the same chart for weeks or months, your audience will be exposed to it for mere seconds. Give them the best chance of comprehending your data by using simple, clear, and complete language to identify X and Y axes, pie pieces, bars, and other diagrammatic elements. Try to avoid abbreviations that aren’t obvious, and don’t assume labeled components on one slide will be remembered on subsequent slides. Every valuable chart or pie graph has an “Aha!” zone — a number or range of data that reveals something crucial to your point. Make sure you visually highlight the “Aha!” zone, reinforcing the moment by explaining it to your audience.

With so many ways to spin and distort information these days, a presentation needs to do more than simply share great ideas — it needs to support those ideas with credible data. That’s true whether you’re an executive pitching new business clients, a vendor selling her services, or a CEO making a case for change.

• JS Joel Schwartzberg oversees executive communications for a major national nonprofit, is a professional presentation coach, and is the author of Get to the Point! Sharpen Your Message and Make Your Words Matter and The Language of Leadership: How to Engage and Inspire Your Team . You can find him on LinkedIn and X. TheJoelTruth

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Dermatological presentation of strongyloides stercoralis infection in two elderly italian inpatients.

1. Introduction

2. case report 1, 3. case report 2, 4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Gardini, G.; Froeschl, G.; Puzzi, P.R.; Gambino, S.; Erne, E.M. Dermatological Presentation of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Two Elderly Italian Inpatients. Pathogens 2024 , 13 , 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080658

Gardini G, Froeschl G, Puzzi PR, Gambino S, Erne EM. Dermatological Presentation of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Two Elderly Italian Inpatients. Pathogens . 2024; 13(8):658. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080658

Gardini, Giulia, Guenter Froeschl, Petra Rosa Puzzi, Silvia Gambino, and Elke Maria Erne. 2024. "Dermatological Presentation of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Two Elderly Italian Inpatients" Pathogens 13, no. 8: 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080658

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