science and technology essay in sinhala

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අපට නැතිවම බැරි පරිගණකයේ ඉතිහාස කථාව

තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය යනු වර්ථමාන ජන සමාජයේ සැම අංගයක් කෙරෙහිම බලපාන්නාවූ ක්ෂේත්‍රයක්. සන්නිවේදනය, අන්තර්ජාලය, විද්‍යුත් තැපෑල, වීඩියෝ සංවාද, සමාජ වෙබ් අඩවි ආදී සියල්ලක්ම ජන ජීවිතය හා සමීපව බැදි පවතී. වර්තමානයේ අප භාවිත කරන බොහෝ සන්නිවේදන පහසුකම් හා අන්තර්ජාල පහසුකම් ලබාදීම සිදුවන්නේ පරිගණකයන් හරහායි.

වර්තමාන පරිගණක සියවස් ගණනාවක සිට පරිණාමය වෙමින්, නව අංග එකතු වෙමින්, නව තාක්ෂනයන් ඔස්සේ නිර්මාණය කළ අතීත පරිගණකවල වර්ධනීය අවස්ථාවකි. පරිගණකයේ ඉතිහාසය සලකා බැලීමේදී ප්‍රධාන යුග කීපයක් දක්නට ලැබෙනවා, ඉතින් අද අපි ඒවා එකිනෙකක් පිලිබදව විමසා බලමු.

ආදිකාලින යුගය

(mortgagecalculator.org)

ගණිතමය සංකල්ප වල අවශ්‍යතාව මිනිසාට තදින් දැනෙන්නට වුයේ එඩේර යුගය තුලයි. මෙම යුගයේ ප්‍රධාන ජීවන වෘත්තින් වුයේ ගොවිතැන හා සතුන් පාලනයයි. උදැසන ආහාර සදහා තනපිට්ටනි වලට දක්කාගෙන යන සතුන් සවස නැවත ගාල් කිරීමේදී ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රමාණය අඩුවී ඇතිද යන්න සොයා ගැනීමට එඩෙරන්ට අවශ්‍ය විය. මොවුන් මුල් යුගයේදී ඒ සදහා අත් හා පාද වල ඇගිලි, මුහුදු බෙල්ලන් කටු, ගල් කැට, බොරළු ආදිය භාවිත කරන ලදී. මේ කාලයේ එඩෙරයන්ගේ මුලික අවශ්‍යතාවය වුයේ එකතු කිරීම හා අඩු කිරීම වැනි සරල ගණිතමය සංකල්පයි.

ක්‍රිස්තු පුර්ව 300දි පමණ චීන ජාතිකයන් විසින් ඇබකසය නිර්මාණය කිරීම ගණිත උපකරණ භාවිතයේ මුල් වැදගත් සංදිස්ථානයක් ලෙස දැකිය හැක. ඇබකසය යනු ගණකරාමුවකි. මෙම උපකරණ කාලයේ ඇවෑමෙන් වර්දනය වී පරිගණක නිර්මාණයට උපකාරී විය.

1600 -1960 දක්වා

යාන්ත්‍රික කැල්කියූලේටරයක් මුලින්ම නිපදවුයේ 1642දි ප්‍රංශ ජාතික විද්‍යාඥයෙකු වූ බ්ලේස් පැස්කල්ය. මෙම යන්ත්‍රය පැස්කලයින් ලෙස හැදින්විය. මෙය ක්‍රියාත්මක වුයේ දැති රෝද පේළියක සටහන් කර තිබු 0 සිට 9 දක්වා ඉලක්කම් උපයෝගී කර ගනිමින්ය. මෙම යන්ත්‍රයෙන් කල හැකි වුයේ එකතුකිරීම් හා අඩු කිරීම් පමණි.

1674දි ගොට්ෆීඩ් විල්හෙල්ම් ෆෝන් නැමැත්තා රෙකොනර් නම් වූ යන්ත්‍රයක් නිපදවන ලදී. මෙය ඩිජිටල් කැල්කියූලේටරයේ යාන්ත්‍රික ස්වරුපය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙම යන්ත්‍රය මගින් එකතුකිරීම් අඩුකිරීම් වලට අමතරව ගුනකිරීම් හා බෙදීමද කල හැකි විය.

1912දි පමණ චාල්ස් බැබේජ් නැමැත්තා ඩිෆරන්ස් එන්ජිම නමැති උපකරණය නිපදවන ලදී. එකතු කිරීම් හා අඩුකිරීම් වලට පමණක් සිමා වූ මෙම යන්ත්‍රය නාවික කටයුතු වලදී අවශ්‍ය වන අංක වගු වල ගණනය කිරීම් සදහා යොදාගන්නා ලදී.

බැබේජ්ගේ මීලග නිර්මාණය වුයේ ඇනලිටිකල් එන්ජිමයි. එය ප්‍රෝග්‍රෑම් කල හැකි යන්ත්‍රයක් වූ අතර එහි සේවය සදහා ලෝකයේ ප්‍රථම ප්‍රෝග්‍රෑම් කාරිය වූ ඇඩා ඔගස්ටා මෙනවිය කැදවන ලදී. ඇනලිටිකල් එන්ජිම ප්‍රධාන කොටස් 4කින් යුක්ත වූ අතර වර්තමාන පරගණක සැකිල්ලද මිට සමාන වේ. එම කොටස් නම්

• දත්ත ඇතුල් කරන කොටස
• ගණනය කරන කොටස
• ප්‍රතිපලය පිට කරන කොටස.

(extremetech.com)

1944දි හාර්වර්ඩ් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ මහාචාර්යවරයෙකු වූ හොවඩ් විසින් මාර්ක් 1 නමින් ස්වයංක්‍රිය කැල්කියූලේටරයක් නිර්මාණය කරන ලදී. මෙය ටොන් පහක පමණ බරින් යුක්ත විය.

1946දි පෙන්සිල්වේනියා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ කණ්ඩායමක් විසින් ලෝකයේ ප්‍රථම විද්‍යුත් ඩිජිටල් පරිගණකය නිපදවන ලද අතර මෙය එනියැක් යන්ත්‍රය ලෙස හදුන්වයි. මෙය ප්‍රෝග්‍රෑම් කල හැකි වූ අතර රික්තක නල 18,000ක් යොදාගෙන නිපදවා තිබුණි. මෙය දැවැන්ත යන්ත්‍රයක් වූ අතර වර්ග අඩි 1500ක පමණ ඉඩක්ද අවශ්‍ය විය.

ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටර් යුගය

(pinterest.com)

1948දී ජෝන් බාඩින්, වෝල්ටර් බ්‍රොටෙන්, විලියම් නමැති විද්‍යාඥයින් තිදෙනාගේ දායකත්වයෙන් ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටරය සොයා ගන්නා ලදී. මේවාට තත්පරයකට ගණනය කිරිම් 200,000 සිට 250,000 දක්වා ප්‍රමාණයක් සිදු කිරීමට හැකියාවක් තිබුණි.

වර්තමානයේ අප චිප් නමින් හදුන්වන පරිගණක කොටස් නිර්මානය කර ඇත්තේ ට්‍රාන්ස්සිස්ටර් කීපයක් එකතු කිරීමෙන් සකස් කරගන්නා ලද ගේට්ටු නම් ආකෘති භාවිතයෙනි. මුල් වරට ගේට්ටු 1 සිට 10 දක්වා ප්‍රමාණයක් අන්තර්ගත චිප් එකක් නිර්මාණය කල විද්‍යාඥයෝ පසුව චිප් එකක් තුල ගේට්ටු 100ක් තැන්පත් කිරීමට සමත් විය. වර්තමානයේ පරිගණක වල ඇති මයික්‍රෝ ප්‍රෝසෙසරයක ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටර් ගේට්ටු මිලියන ගණනක් ඇතුලත් වේ.

පළමුවන පරම්පරාව

(en.wikipedia.org)

පරිගණක වල පළමුවන පරම්පරාවේදී රික්ත නල භාවිත කරන ලදී. ප්‍රමාණයෙන් ඉතා විශාල වූ මෙම පරිඝනක සඳහා කාමර තරම් ඉඩකඩ අවශ්‍ය විය. රික්ත නල බෙහෙවින් රත් වන නිසා ඒවා සිසිල් කිරීමේ උපක්‍රම යෙදීමට පරිගණක නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සිදු විය. පළමුවන පරම්පරාවේ පරිගණක වලට දත්ත ඇතුලත් කිරීම සදහා පන්ච් කාඩ් භාවිත කෙරුණු අතර තොරතුරු පිට කිරීම මුද්‍රිත පිටපත් මගින් සිදු විය.

දෙවන පරම්පරාව

(kullabs.com)

රික්තක නල වෙනුවට ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටර් ආදේශ වීමත් සමග දෙවන පරම්පරාව ආරම්භ විය. දෙවන යුගයේ පරිගණක වල මිල බෙහෙවින් පහත වැටුණු අතර පරිගණක පළමු පරම්පරාවට වඩා කුඩා වූ අතර වේගවත් විය. ට්‍රාන්සිස්ටර රික්තක නල මෙන් අධික තාපයක් පිට නොකළ නිසා සිසිල් කිරීමට වියදම් දැරීමට සිදුවුයේ නැත. කිසියම් අවශ්‍යතාවයක් ඉටුකරගන්නා අවස්ථාවේදී පරිගණකයට උපදෙස් සැපයීම වෙනුවට පරිගණකයේ උපදෙස් ගබඩා කර තැබීම මෙම යුගයේ ආරම්භ විය.

තුන්වන පරම්පරාව

(edutry.blogspot.com)

තුන්වන පරම්පරාවේ පරිගණක සංයුක්ත පරිපත (IC) මත පදනම්ව ගොඩනගන ලදී. යතුරු පුවරු හා මොනිටර භාවිතයද මෙම යුගයේදී ආරම්භ විය.  මෙම යුගයේ පරිගණක බොහොසෙයින් ලාභදායි වීම, ප්‍රමාණයෙන් කුඩාවීම නිසා වැඩිදෙනෙකුට භාවිතයට ගැනීමේ අවස්ථාව සැලසුනි.

හතරවන පරම්පරාව

(elprocus.com)

සිලිකන් චිප් එකක් තුල දහස් ගණන් සංයුක්ත පරිපථ තැන්පත් කර නිපදවූ මයික්‍රෝ ප්‍රොසෙසර මෙම යුගයේ පරිගණක සදහා භාවිත විය. පරිගණක විශාල වශයෙන් පොදු ජනයා අතර ව්‍යාප්ත වීම ආරම්භ වුයේද මෙම යුගයේදීමය. 1981දි IBM සමාගම විසින් නිවෙස් වල භාවිතය ඉලක්ක කර ගනිමින් ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රථම පරිගණකය නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

පස්වන පරම්පරාව

(syazrinda.blogspot.com)

මිනිස් මනසට සමාන පරිගණක නිපදවීම කෙරෙහි පස්වන පරම්පරාවේ අවධානය යොමුව ඇත. පරිගණකය මිනිස් කටහඩ හඳුනාගැනීම, රෝබෝතාක්ෂණය භාවිතය ආදියද වර්තමානයේ දැකිය හැක.

ඉන් ඔබ්බට ගිය මිනිස් මනසේ ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වයට සමාන පරිගණක නිර්මාණය කිරීමේ ප්‍රයත්නයක වර්තමාන විද්‍යාඥයින් නියැලී සිටි.

කවරයේ පින්තුරය – Wallpaper-gallery.net

මුලාශ්‍ර: මහින්ද ගුණවර්ධන, තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂනය (S & S මුද්‍රණ, 2007), en.wikipedia.org, people.bu.edu, webopedia.com

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GCE A/L Science for Technology (SFT) Past Papers – Sinhala Medium

GCE A/L Science for Technology (SFT) Past Papers – Sinhala Medium (Download PDF)

Advanced Level Examination Conducted by Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka

• Medium : Sinhala
• Years : 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015

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computer technology essay in sinhala

අපට නැතිවම බැරි පරිගණකයේ ඉතිහාස කථාව. තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය යනු වර්ථමාන ජන සමාජයේ සැම අංගයක් කෙරෙහිම බලපාන්නාවූ ක්ෂේත් ...

This Essay has 305 words. Total number of words to be = 250. Total Marks =25. Sinhala essay :- Pariganakaya saha Jana jeewitaya (The computer and the life of the people)- Grade 10/11. The computer has become an essential part of today's world-wide life. In some developed countries, people can not live without the aid of computers.

පරිගණකයේ ඉතිහාසය (The History of the Computer) පරිගණකය යනු මිනිසාගේ ගණිතමය මෙන්ම එදිනෙදා අවශ්‍යතාවයන් සඳහා සැකසූ විද්‍යුත් යාන්ත්‍රික උපකරණයකි.

පරිගණකයක් යනු දී ඇති උපදෙස් මත ක්‍රියාකරණ යන්ත්‍රයකි එය ඩිජිටල් ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික් උපාංගයක් ලෙස හදුන්වනු ලබයි‍. එයට හේතුව පරිගණකය ...

Abstract. The Sinhala writing system used in Sri Lanka is syllabic and features as many as 2,300 glyphs. Computer equipment used to represent Sinhala language needs to facilitate this complexity ...

8 likes • 12,485 views. P. Prabath Jayawardena. පරිගණක පරිණාමය Computer Evolution sinhala. Read more. 1 of 8. Download now. Download to read offline. පරිගණක පරිණාමය Evolution of Computer sinhala - Download as a PDF or view online for free.

Download Grade 10 Computer Hardware Essay Paper in Sinhala medium.

This Essay has 305 words. Total number of words to be = 250. Total Marks =25. Sinhala essay :- Pariganakaya saha Jana jeewitaya (The computer and the life of the people)- Grade 10/11. The computer has become an essential part of today's world-wide life. In some developed countries, people can not live without the aid of computers.... Download Grade 10 Computer Hardware Essay Paper in Sinhala ...

The Sinhala writing system used in Sri Lanka is syllabic and features as many as 2,300 glyphs. Computer equipment used to represent Sinhala language needs to facilitate this complexity, in both display and printing, without adding extra complexity to the keyboard or the input systems. This article surveys the evolution of Sinhala computing technology over the past 25 years.

In this paper, we discuss how Sinhala computing technology has evolved in early personal computers with limited capabilities and resources. Keywords: Complex script computing, Sinhala language, Standarisation 1 Introduction Sri Lanka has a population of 20 million of whom the majorities are Sinhalese (74%).

Grade 10 Sinhala Medium Papers. Information and Communication Technology; Fundamentals of a computer system; Data Representation Methods in the Computer system; Logic Gates with Boolean Functions; Operating Systems; Word Processing; Electronic Spreadsheet; Electronic Presentations; Database; Grade 11 Sinhala Medium Papers. Programming; System ...

This is not simple. The mobile phone is now known as the "smart" phone. It brings us knowledge and information based around the world. Making personal connections closer. Establishes professional and banking activities from their own home. The mobile phone has become a multi-function device. 12 Read more. Shirantha Perera.

computer technology to write the term that is used. Accordingly, it was found out that computer technology has made a considerable impact to the Sinhala lexicon. Words related to computer technology have been added to Sinhala lexicon as loan words, loan blends and neologisms. From these three ways, loan words and loan blends

In this paper, we discuss how Sinhala computing technology has evolved in early personal computers with limited capabilities and resources. First ever encoding for Sinhala Character Set submitted ...

A/L Past Papers. 2017 Sinhala Medium. Past Papers; Term Test Papers; Marking Schemes; 2017 - Tamil Medium; 2016 Sinhala Medium. Past Papers; Term Test Papers; Model Papers; 2016 - English Medium; GCE A/L Technology Past Papers. 2016; 2015; O/L Past Papers. 2016 - Sinhala Medium; 2016 - English Medium; 2015 - Sinhala Medium; 2014 ...

Computer Hardware Engineering by Disapamok Online IT Academy. Addeddate 2020-02-14 12:20:12 Identifier computerhardwareengineeringsinhalapdfbook

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Get a better translation with7,802,825,792 human contributions. Contextual translation of "essay about computer technology in sinhala" into Sinhala. Human translations with examples: සොබාදහම රචනාව, ජීවිතය ගැන රචනාව.

Contextual translation of "essay about computer technology in sinhala" into English. Human translations with examples: rr, sinhala, iam sinhala, nabiliya in sinhala.

Frequently Asked Questions on Computer. Q.1 What is a computer? A.1 A computer is an electronic device or machine that makes our work easier. Also, they help us in many ways. Q.2 Mention various fields where computers are used? A.2 Computers are majorly used in defense, medicine, and for research purposes.

Results for essay technology translation from English to Sinhala. API call; Human contributions. From professional translators, enterprises, web pages and freely available translation repositories. Add a translation. English. ... essay about computer technology in sinhala. Sinhala.

Download Grade 10 Computer Hardware MCQ Paper in Sinhala medium.

SEATTLE, 19 June 2024 - Today, during the 2024 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference opening session, the CVPR Awards Committee announced the winners of its prestigious Best Paper Awards, which annually recognize top research in computer vision, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), augmented, virtual and mixed reality (AR/VR/MR), deep learning, and much more.

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සුවිශේෂී චරිත වල සුවිශේෂී සිදුවීම් (chamara sumanapala), සීතල යුද්ධයෙන් දවසක් | exploring the cold war | chamara sumanapala & damith kethaka, let's learn english in grade 01 | 1 වසර ඉංග්‍රිසී - සිංහලෙන්, let's learn buddhism in grade 01 | 1 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn maths in grade 01 | 1 වසර ගණිතය, let's learn environment in grade 01 | 1 වසර පරිසරය, let's write letters | grade 01 |  1 ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල අකුරු හුරුව, let's read the sinhala reading book | grade 01 |  1 ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල කියවීම් පොත කියවමු, 1 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 1 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), let's learn english in grade 02 | 2 වසර ඉංග්‍රිසී , let's learn buddhism in grade 02 | 2 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's read the sinhala reading book | grade 02 |  2 ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල කියවීම් පොත කියවමු, let's write letters | grade 02 |  2 ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල අකුරු හුරුව, let's learn maths in grade 02 | 2 වසර ගණිතය, let's learn environment in grade 02 | 2 වසර පරිසරය, 2 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 2 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism)  , let's learn english in grade 03 | 3 වසර ඉංග්‍රිසී - සිංහලෙන්, let's learn buddhism in grade 03 | 3 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn environment in grade 03 | 3 වසර පරිසරය, sinhala grammer in grade 03 | 3 වන ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල ව්‍යාකරණ, let's learn maths in grade 03 | 3 වසර ගණිතය, let's read the sinhala reading book | grade 03 |  3 ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල කියවීම් පොත කියවමු, 3 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 3 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism)  , online stem education - activity based learning for kids - curidlabs sri lanka (sinhala), let's learn english in grade 04 | 4 වසර ඉංග්‍රිසී - සිංහලෙන්, let's learn buddhism in grade 04 | 4 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn environment in grade 04 | 4 වසර පරිසරය, let's read the sinhala reading book | grade 04 |4 ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල කියවීම් පොත කියවමු, sinhala grammer in grade 04 | 4 වන ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල ව්‍යාකරණ, let's learn maths in grade 04 | 4 වසර ගණිතය, 4 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 4 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), let's learn english in grade 05 | 5 වසර ඉංග්‍රිසී - සිංහලෙන්, let's learn buddhism in grade 05 | 5 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn environment in grade 05 | 5 වසර පරිසරය, sinhala grammer in grade 05 | 5 වන ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල ව්‍යාකරණ, let's learn maths in grade 05 | 5 වසර ගණිතය, let's read the sinhala reading book | grade 05 |5  ශ්‍රේණිය සිංහල කියවීම් පොත කියවමු, 5 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 5 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), spoken english with grammar, lkr 3,900.00, let's learn sinhala in grade 06 | 6 වසර සිංහල භාෂාව හා සාහිත්‍යය, let's learn buddhism in grade 06 | 6 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn science in grade 06 | 6 වසර විද්‍යාව, let's learn maths in grade 06 | 6 වසර ගණිතය, 6 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 6 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), grade 06 : mathematics - circles | 06 ශ්‍රේණිය : ගණිතය - වෘත්ත  , grade 06 : mathematics - data collection & representation | 06 ශ්‍රේණිය : ගණිතය - දත්ත රැස්කිරීම හා නිරූපණය  , මූලික වීජ ගණිතය | basic algebra for secondary classes  , lkr 1,900.00, let's learn sinhala in grade 07 | 7 වසර සිංහල භාෂාව හා සාහිත්‍යය, let's learn buddhism in grade 07 | 7 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn science in grade 07 | 7 වසර විද්‍යාව, let's learn maths in grade 07 | 7 වසර ගණිතය, 7 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 7 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), grade 07 : mathematics - construction of rectilinear plane figures | 07 ශ්‍රේණිය : ගණිතය - සරල රේඛීය තල රූප නිර්මාණය  , let's learn sinhala in grade 08 | 8 වසර සිංහල භාෂාව හා සාහිත්‍යය, let's learn buddhism in grade 08 | 8 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn maths in grade 08 | 8 වසර ගණිතය, let's learn science in grade 08 | 8 වසර විද්‍යාව, 8 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 8 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), grade 08 : mathematics - area | 08 ශ්‍රේණිය : ගණිතය - වර්ගඵලය, let's learn sinhala in grade 09 | 9 වසර සිංහල භාෂාව හා සාහිත්‍යය, let's learn buddhism in grade 09 | 9 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn science in grade 09 | 9 වසර විද්‍යාව, let's learn maths in grade 09 | 9 වසර ගණිතය, 9 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 9 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), buddhism for grade 09, ict (තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය) - සංඛ්‍යා පද්ධති - grade 8, mastering maths - geometry for o/l maths | සාමාන්‍ය පෙළ ගණිතය සඳහා වූ ජ්‍යාමිතිය, lkr 1,000.00, let's learn buddhism in grade 11 | 11 වසර බුද්ධ ධර්මය, let's learn sinhala in grade 11 | 11 වසර සිංහල භාෂාව හා සාහිත්‍යය, let's learn sinhala literature in grade 10 & 11 | 10 - 11 ශ්‍රේණි සිංහල සාහිත්‍යය සංග්‍රහය, let's learn sinhala in grade 10 | 10 වසර සිංහල භාෂාව හා සාහිත්‍යය, hindi language in sinhala | හින්දි භාෂාව සිංහලෙන්   , animal science & zoology with thushara damith, 2024 / london as / a2 level / further pure maths / repeat / sep : exams fp2 & fp3 (pasan mandara), lkr 8,000.00, combined maths - 2025 / english /  paper / repeat / 2024 - march classes (pasan mandara), combined maths - 2025 / english / theory / repeat / 2024 - february classes - batch 01 (pasan mandara) , fit | foundation in information technology - 2024 intake 01, lkr 20,000.00, test automation with selenium for qa [live] - batch 02, lkr 10,800.00, advanced microsoft excel with ai : training & building excel modules : batch 09 [live], lkr 13,500.00, microsoft office basics with ai - word, excel, powerpoint & access - batch 03 [live], lkr 8,900.00, python programming with ai in sinhala [live] - batch 01 (group b), lkr 15,000.00, business analytics with microsoft power bi masterclass in sinhala [live] - batch 04, lkr 20,250.00, spoken english with grammar in sinhala, speak smart | special multi-language bundle course - hindi, chinese, english, lkr 4,999.00, spoken chinese for beginners in sinhala | චීන භාෂාව ඉගෙනගමු    , lkr 9,900.00, spoken tamil for beginners - batch 01 [live], lkr 25,000.00, අපි නොදන්න law | legal action [chanaka abeywickrama], free law lessons - chanaka abeywickrama, criminal law in sinhala | අපරාධ නීතිය සිංහලෙන් (yalith wijesurendra), software piracy, bio-piracy in sri lanka | ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජෛව මංකොල්ලය (jagath gunawardana)  , learn to learn | ඉගෙන ගන්න ඉගෙන ගන්න (after a/l) - chathuranga abeysinghe  , personal & business growth by mayantha shaveen  , upstream    , ඕන යටි බඩක් | ona yati badak, card tricks with black unicorn | black unicorn සමඟ card tricks, digitization for citizens, digital marketing for beginners in sinhala - batch 03 [live], දත්ත විද්‍යාවට අත්පොත් තියමු | data science introductory course (chathuranga abeysinghe), ෂුවර්ම online අදායම් මාර්ගයක් | online money making  , ඔබේ ව්‍යාපාරය අර්බුදයෙන් බේරගන්න විදිහ | entrepreneurship | sri lanka, combined maths - 2024 / english /  paper / repeat / 2023 - february classes (pasan mandara), combined maths - 2024 / english / theory / repeat / december classes - batch 02 (pasan mandara), combined maths - 2025 / english / theory / repeat / 2023 - september classes - batch 01 (pasan mandara), combined maths - 2024 / english /  paper / repeat / 2023 - july classes (pasan mandara), combined maths - 2024 / english / theory / repeat / 2023 - june classes - batch 01 (pasan mandara), combined maths - 2024 / english / theory / repeat / 2023 - june classes - batch 02 (pasan mandara), guitar practice for beginners [course 01] - (ගිටාර් වාදන පුහුණුව)  , lkr 7,500.00, guitar practice - inversion for beginners [course 02] - (ගිටාර් වාදන පුහුණුව - inversion)  , online උගන්වන්නේ කොහොමද | how to teach online, become a teacher with elearning.lk | elearning.lk සමග ගුරුවරයෙක් වෙමු  , spss simply | spss මුල සිට සරලව | spss  සිංහලෙන්, 10 ශ්‍රේණිය : දහම් පාසල් පාඩම් | grade 10 : dhamma school lessons (buddhism), expert-demo-course, new innovations, education, science and technology with tilak dissanayake | තිලක් දිසානායක සමඟ නව සොයාගැනීම්, අධ්‍යාපනය, විද්‍යාව සහ තාක්‍ෂණය, the journey towards a us patent, aeronautics, තෙත්බිම් (jury spacial mention), selfish ආත්මාර්ථකාමියා (certificate), nimiththa (certificate), the thirst for death (certificate), messiah (second place), wathura pirena hith (certificate), life of life (certificate), intruder (jury spacial mention), සිංහල ජන ගී මිහිර | essence of sinhala folk poetry (anura hegoda), sinhala language - for all state service competitive exam candidates | සිංහල - භාෂා හැකියාව / අවබෝධය සියලු ම රාජ්‍ය සේවා තරග විභාග සදහා, cinematography (ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රථම වරට සිංහලෙන් සරලව cinemotography පාඨමාලාව), nano technology | නැනෝ තාක්ෂණය, sri lanka institute of nanotechnology, course structure.

SLINTEC ආයතනය ලංකාවේ නැනෝ තාක්ෂණය ඇතුළු නවීන ලෝකයේ අධි තාක්ෂණික ක්‍රමවේද භාවිතා කරමින් විවිධ මට්ටමේ පර්යේෂණ වල නියැලෙමින් සිටියි. ඔවුන් විසින් කරන ලද අති සාර්ථක ව්‍යාපෘතියක් ලෙස අඩු රසායන ද්‍රව්‍ය භාවිතා කරමින් Graphite - Graphene  බවට පරිවර්තනය කිරීමේ ක්‍රමවේදය ලෝක මට්ටමේ පිළිගැනීමට හා ගෞරවාදරයට පාත්‍ර වෙමින් තිබේ.

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Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC) is a pioneer in nano and advanced technology research in Sri Lanka. Our research is primarily focused on six areas – namely; advanced materials, smart textiles, advanced agriculture, graphene technologies, energy research as well as process and engineering systems. SLINTEC is the first public-private research institute in Sri Lanka, and we’re proud to have made significant progress in being a change catalyst in the field of science for over a decade.

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Technology and Sri Lanka’s future

Monday, 28 December 2020 00:30 -     - {{hitsCtrl.values.hits}}

Sri Lanka with its 1% of high-tech products in manufactured exports is still in 2IR. Anyone visiting a tea factory, or a garment factory will observe that the whole manufacturing process is operated manually by using electricity-powered machines. But they are the largest export earners for the country – Pic by Shehan Gunasekara  

• Key insights from presentation at webinar hosted by NSF

From digital natives to global citizens

Thailand versus Sri Lanka

Both Thailand and Sri Lanka have the same economic goal today. That is to become a rich country within the next generation. Of course, Thailand with a per capita GDP of $ 7,800 in 2019 and categorised as an upper middle-income country, has started the race much ahead of Sri Lanka. In contrast, Sri Lanka is still at the threshold of joining that group with a per capita income of about $ 3,900, just a half of what Thais are earning on average. Worse, Sri Lanka was elevated to an upper middle-income country in June 2019, but it was a short-lived experience since the country was pushed back to a lower middle-income country one year later. Complicating the matter, due to economic disruption caused by COVID-19 pandemic, Sri Lanka’s situation is expected to worsen in 2020.

High-tech products in manufactured exports

Thailand is fast becoming an industrial powerhouse with about 23% of its manufactured exports representing high-tech exports in 2018 according to World Bank data. The comparable figure for Sri Lanka is a little less than 1%. Hence, the challenge for Thailand is to consolidate its power in the export market. Sri Lanka is just an infant in this trade and, therefore, has to first crawl on knees before starting to walk on its two feet. But there is a promise for Sri Lanka.  That is due to the inclusiveness of technology which the futurist Peter Diamandis has called ‘democratisation of digitisation’. Accordingly, an infant today can rise quickly on its feet and start running along with other racers without waiting for so many years to get itself ready for the race.

Technology’s exponential growth

Worsak has noted that starting from 2020, the world will move at an exponential rate from the current digital age to artificial intelligence (AI) age to reach maturity by about 2100. Technology has disrupted the world forcing people to abandon what they had been doing for ages for new things which have been more efficient and effective. Some examples used by Worsak have been the disruption of slide rule by scientific calculator, film camera by digital camera, landline telephones by smart mobile phones, manual typewriters by word processors, fossil energy by solar energy, physical banks by virtual banks, etc.  He also has referred to a mind-boggling prediction done by Ray Kurzweil of Singularity Hub about the pace of replication of human brain. AI today can replicate only the brain of a mouse. But by 2025, it will replicate a human brain and by 2055, brains of all the human beings.  Technology has not been that much of a wonder some 70 years ago. We were able to wake up from sleep peacefully in 1950 without being agitated, puzzled, or feared by the world out there. But by 2050, Worsak has concluded, it will be a completely different story. We will wake up to a world like a newly born baby helpless and not knowing what to do. Hence, Worsak has advised us to get ready now itself to face this disruptive and unknown world tomorrow.

World is now in Industry 4.0

This is an eye-opening advice for Sri Lanka. With respect to economic system, the globe has now moved to Fourth Industrial Revolution or 4IR Industry 4.0. 4IR is a term coined by Klaus Schwab, convenor of the Davos based World Economic Forum, in a book he published in 2017 under the same title. He had studied the emerging technologies in the world for about a decade and noted a significant change taking place in the technological base. By looking at the history of the industrial revolution, he had observed three previous phases.  The First Industrial Revolution or 1IR or Industry 1.0 had happened some 300 years ago. In 1IR, industrial production was mechanised basically by using steam-power or waterpower. Then, some 100 years ago, the Second Industrial Revolution or 2IR or Industry 2.0 took place by introducing electric power for mass production. The third phase of industrial revolution, code-named 3IR or Industry 3.0, began to disrupt the world some 50 years ago by introducing advanced information and communication technology or ICT and electronics for automation of industrial processes. The new products that we use on a day-to-day basis like internet, world wide web, mobile phone, Google search engine, and laptops and tablets were introduced to the world during this phase of industry.  But the world did not want to stay there. By the second decade of the 21st century, a fourth revolution, code-named 4IR or Industry 4.0, was taking shape disrupting even the new products and production processes that had been offered to us by Industry 3.0. In 4IR, we talk about Cyber Physical System, AI, machine learning, Internet of Things, robotic surgeries, etc. 

Sri Lanka’s neighbours to the East are moving fast toward Industry 4.0

Some countries have moved into 4IR and many are at its doorstep. A rule of thumb to gauge whether a country has entered 4IR is to look at the high-tech component in its manufactured exports. If that component is 40% or above, that country is already in 4IR. Table 1 presents the component of high-tech products in manufactured exports of some selected countries. It is noted that countries like Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Singapore, and Hong Kong are already in 4IR. The countries like China, South Korea, and Thailand are moving fast toward that goal. 

Sri Lanka should leapfrog from Industry 2.0 to Industry 4.0

Sri Lanka’s plan to become a high-tech hub should not be a mere wish

The Government’s commitment to convert Sri Lanka to a high-tech hub was pronounced in Budget 2021. Similar announcements were made by the previous Government also in its economic policy statements. However, without a concrete plan to attain that goal, they just remained a wish that had not gone beyond paper. The present Government can avoid making the same mistake by going for a time-bound action plan and sticking to it consistently. This needs several steps to be followed.

Need for preparing a road map

Step 1 will be the preparation of a road map to convert Sri Lanka to a high-tech economy. The road map should clearly spell out the objectives, strategies, inputs to be used, key milestones and final deliverable products. Vietnam which has at present a high high-tech component in its manufactured exports had prepared such a road map in 2019 to complete the country’s transmission to 4IR by 2030 (available at: https://english.mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/139776/Proactively-participating-in-Industry-4.0.html ).  Vietnam had embarked on its journey to be a 4IR country a few years back by introducing science, technology, and creative innovation to its production structure. The new road map will have several milestones to pass in that journey. One such milestone is to improve its ranking in the Global Innovation Index or GII to be within top 40 countries by 2030. This is an eye-opener for Sri Lanka since it is ranked at 101 out of 131 countries in GII. Another milestone aspired by Vietnam is to increase the size of the digital economy to 30% of GDP, while increasing labour productivity by 7.5% per annum. It also plans to make broadband access inclusive by 2030. For that, it plans to complete the digitisation of the whole society, businesses, and the government. 

Join global production sharing network

Step 2 involves joining the global supply chain or global production sharing chain by producing inputs for products that are assembled elsewhere. In today’s context, a country cannot produce a whole product and claim that it is made in that country. That is because components come from manufacturing facilities in many countries. It has been found that Apple sources components for iPhone from 43 countries, while it is finally assembled in FoxConn Factory in China. There are several manufacturing facilities in Sri Lanka that have already joined the global production sharing chain. Two noted firms are Harness Lanka at Biyagama that supplies sensors for airbags in vehicles and MAS Fabric at Thulhiriya that produces canvass for Nike shoes.  But the country needs a critical pool of such firms – a sufficiently large number of firms that can change the shape of the country – to join 4IR. Vietnam in its road map for 4IR has specifically proclaimed its intention to seamlessly integrate to the global economy. If this is to be attained, Sri Lanka should switch from the present domestic economy based economic growth to international economy based economic growth strategies. 

Acquisition of technology

Step 3 involves strategies for acquiring technology immediately for use by the country’s manufacturing outfits. One way to do is to get technologies already developed elsewhere in the globe. They could be automatically acquired by attracting foreign direct investments or FDIs with a high-tech component. This was the strategy adopted by South Korea and Singapore in their initial phase of economic development and the strategy presently being pursued by Vietnam. In early 1980s, Sri Lanka got such technology for its apparel industry through FDIs. Today, garments are no more fashionable and, hence, technology drive should be for high-tech products.

The need for R&D and marketing

Step 4 requires Sri Lanka to develop its own technology in the medium to long-run. This requires Sri Lanka to invest a greater portion of its national income in research and development or R&D. According to World Bank data, Sri Lanka spends only 0,1% of GDP on R&D. This is much lower even by South Asian standards where on average, 0.65 of GDP is spent on R&D. This expenditure need not necessarily be incurred by the government. As it has happened in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong, private companies too should participate in R&D drive. Once new inventions are made through R&D, such inventions should be properly marketed to enable prospective entrepreneurs to produce them commercially. Austrian-American economist Joseph Schumpeter named this process as innovation.

Convert STEM to STEAM

Step 5 is about developing the country’s thinking, inventing and innovative power through a proper system of education. Traditionally, it has been emphasised that education should cover science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, abbreviated as STEM. But to create a creative thing, it is essential that inventors should possess a creative mind too. This comes from creative Art. When creative Art is added to STEM, it will become STEAM. The policy of the Government should be to change the education, learning, training, and systems to reflect STEAM. 

Rebranding NSF as nSTEF

I must mention a word about National Science Foundation or NSF too. It was created in 1969 as the apex body in Sri Lanka to promote science in the country. At that time, science included every other branch and therefore NSF properly represented what it was meant for. Today, science has branched out into several key disciplines like technology and engineering. Science and Technology produce new ideas at both basic and applied research level. It is engineering that converts those new ideas into concrete products. Hence, to represent NSF’s vision and mission properly, as suggested by Product Design Engineer Thilak Diassanayake, NSF should be rebranded as National Science, Technology, and Engineering Foundation. Going by modern trend digitalising nomenclature, it can be code-named nSTEF. It can be pronounced as ENSTEF.

Follow an ‘announce and implement’ policy

These five steps are the minimum tasks which the Government should accomplish to accelerate Sri Lanka’s drive towards a high-tech nation. People today are impatient because the country remains an emerging nation forever. Hence, the Government cannot pursue ‘an announce and forget’ policy. It should announce the policy but should not allow it to be only on paper. It should therefore be an ‘announce and implement’ policy for attaining the best results for the country.

(The writer, a former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, can be reached at [email protected] .)

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essay science and technology

රචනා විද්‍යාව හා තාක්ෂණය

Last Update: 2023-11-15 Usage Frequency: 8 Quality:

science and technology

viddayava ha thakshanaya

Last Update: 2015-05-16 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

design and technology

රැකියාවත් රහිතයි

Last Update: 2022-10-16 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

the difference between us is our knowledge and technology.

අපි අතර තියෙන වෙනස තමයි අපේ දැනුම සහ තාක්ෂණය.

Last Update: 2016-10-27 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

so you would give us the latest farming equipment and technology.

එහෙනම් ඔයාට අළුත්ම ගොවි උපකරණ සහ තාක්ෂණය දෙන්න පුළුවන්∙

very interested in government and technology, how that's gonna intersect and co-exist.

ගොඩක් උනන්දුවක් දක්වනවා, ප්‍රජාපාලනයට සහ තාක්ෂණ විද්‍යාවට, කොහොමද සමව පවතින්න ඡේදනය කරන්නේ.

if the americans can't track us with all their money and technology then our boats can't track us either.

ඇමරිකානුවන්ට අපව ලුහුබඳින්න බැරි නම් එයාලගෙ සියළුම මුදල් හා තාක්ෂණය සමඟින්... ...එහෙනම් අපේ බෝට්ටු වලටත් අපි පසුපස එන්න බැහැ.

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2020 A/L Science for Technology Marking Scheme – Sinhala Medium

G.C.E AL Science for Technology answers sheet (New & Old Syllabus) 2020

Download 2020 A/L Science for Technology Marking Scheme in Sinhala Medium .  AL Science for Technology answer sheet PDF includes MCQ, Structure, and Essay answers for New & Old Syllabus. You can download the PDF file from the link below. It’s free to download.  We have a large collection of previous Marking Schemes on the A/L Science for Technology subject. You Can Check It Out too.

Examination   –     Advanced Level(A/L) Subject           –     Science for Technology Year                 –     2020 Type               –      Marking Scheme/ Answer sheet Download Preview

2020 A/L Science for Technology MCQ Answers –

Previous Marking Schemes from Science for Technology Subject –

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• 2017 Exam Paper 2017 Paper Marking
• 2016 Exam Paper
• 2015 Exam Paper 2015 Paper Marking

Marking schemes are very important for students who are writing answers to past GCE A/L exam papers. They can be used as a guide for students preparing for the AL exam. More Marking schemes can be downloaded from the Department of Examinations website.

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2020 A/L Islam Civilization Marking Scheme – Sinhala Medium

2020 a/l mechanical technology marking scheme – sinhala medium.

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Elon Musk Shares Manipulated Harris Video, in Seeming Violation of X’s Policies

The billionaire owner of the social media platform X reposted a video that mimics Vice President Kamala Harris’s voice, without disclosing that it had been altered.

• Share full article

By Ken Bensinger

• July 27, 2024

Elon Musk, the world’s richest man, has waded into one of the thorniest issues facing U.S. politics: deepfake videos.

On Friday night, Mr. Musk, the billionaire owner of the social media platform X, reposted an edited campaign video for Vice President Kamala Harris that appears to have been digitally manipulated to change the spot’s voice-over in a deceptive manner.

The video mimics Ms. Harris’s voice, but instead of using her words from the original ad, it has the vice president saying that President Biden is senile, that she does not “know the first thing about running the country” and that, as a woman and a person of color, she is the “ultimate diversity hire.”

In addition, the clip was edited to remove images of former President Donald J. Trump and his running mate, Senator JD Vance of Ohio, and to add images of Mr. Biden. The original, unaltered ad , which the Harris campaign released on Thursday, is titled “We Choose Freedom.”

The version posted on X does not contain a disclaimer, though the account that first uploaded it Friday morning, @MrReaganUSA, noted in its post that the video was a “parody.” When Mr. Musk reposted the video on his own account eight hours later, he made no such disclosure, stating only, “This is amazing,” followed by a laughing emoji.

Mr. Musk’s post, which has since been viewed 98 million times, would seem to run afoul of X’s policies, which prohibit sharing “synthetic, manipulated or out-of-context media that may deceive or confuse people and lead to harm.”

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